scholarly journals Dormancy of safflower seeds: effect of storage and cold stratification

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Cardoso Oba ◽  
André Luís Duarte Goneli ◽  
Tathiana Elisa Masetto ◽  
Cesar Pedro Hartmann Filho ◽  
Vinicius Souza Patricio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Final Count ◽  
Germination Speed

Abstract: Safflower seeds exhibit dormancy soon after dispersion from the mother plant, making it impossible to sow newly harvested seeds. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate breaking the dormancy of safflower seeds during storage associated with the use of different periods of cold stratification. Seeds with a moisture content of 7.2% were stored for 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 days, and for each storage period, they were stratified for 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days at 10 °C in the dark. After stratification, seeds were subjected to the germination test and evaluated for percentage of root protrusion, germination speed index, and percentages of first count and final count of normal seedlings. Safflower seeds gradually overcome dormancy during storage for 240 days in a non-controlled environment. Storage associated with periods of cold stratification for 5 to 7 days lead to an increase in germination and are effective in breaking the physiological dormancy of safflower seeds.

scholarly journals Ruptura de la latencia física y germinación de semillas de Chiranthodendron pentadactylon (Malvaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Maribel Apodaca-Martínez ◽  
Victor Manuel Cetina Alcalá ◽  
Jesús Jasso-Mata ◽  
Miguel Ángel López-López ◽  
Héctor González-Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Germination Speed

<p><strong>Backgraund</strong>: The low availability, low percentage of germination, pests, and juvenile period higher than 25 years, are the problems to propagate C. pentadactylon by seed.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis</strong>: There is morphophysiological variation of the seeds between trees and the pregerminative treatments increase the percentage and speed of germination in seeds with six months of storage at room temperature.</p><p><strong>Species studied</strong>: Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreat.</p><p><strong>Study site and year of study</strong>: Postgrado en Ciencias Forestales, Campus Montecillo, Estado de  Mexico, Mex. June, 2016</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: The moisture content, the viability and the effect of pregerminative treatments on the percentage and speed of germination of the seeds were determined. A randomized block design was used. The random blocks included the treatments: 1 (mechanical scarification + cold stratification at 5 ° C for 5 days), 2 (mechanical scarification + imbibition for 12 h), 3 (mechanical scarification + cut at the base of the seed) and 4 (control). The treatments were randomized within each block.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The moisture content was less than 10 % and the viability was 100 %. Significant differences between treatments were found for germination percent. The Tukey test (α = 0.05) showed differences between pregerminative treatments 1, 2 and 3 with respect to T4. Germination speed recorded the highest value in treatment 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: With treatments 1, 2 or 3, more than 77 % germination was obtained. Treatment 3 showed greater germination speed, which is important for seedling production.</p>

An invigoration regime for Pinusstrobus seeds

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1343-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Downie ◽  
Urban Bergsten
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Different Levels

Samples of a seed lot of eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) from New Brunswick were cold stratified at moisture contents that reached five different levels from 17 to 40% of fresh weight at the end of 4 weeks. Each sample was subsequently tested for germination and mean germination time. Maximum seed germination occurred at a moisture content of about 35%. Three subsamples from another seed lot from the same area were subjected to cold stratification at a slightly suboptimal moisture content (30%) for 0, 2, or 4 weeks. These stratified seeds were subsequently invigorated at 15 °C at the same moisture content for 0, 7, 11, and 16 days. (Vigour is used in this paper to describe a seed lot's mean germination time; increased vigour signifies faster germination.) The seeds were then tested for percent germination and mean germination time. Increasing stratification and invigoration duration influenced percent germination positively, as did their interaction. Drying seeds for 24 h prior to commencing the germination test decreased germination by about 5%. Duration of stratification and invigoration were negatively and highly significantly related to mean germination time in a linear fashion, while their interactive term was nonsignificant and, therefore, not used when analyzing mean germination time. Drying the treated seeds for 24 h increased mean germination time by about 1 day. According to regression estimates, seeds germinated 0.45 ± 0.02 (mean ± SE) day faster per day of invigoration for up to 16 days treatment, while they germinated 1.44 ± 0.06 days faster per week of stratification for up to 4 weeks stratification.

scholarly journals Early harvest increases post-harvest physiological quality of Araucaria angustifolia (Araucariaceae) seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia Shibata ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

<p><em>Araucaria angustifolia </em>is a native conifer from Brazil and an endangered species. Its seeds have a short period of viability, and this factor contributes to its vulnerability. This study aimed to evaluate physiological quality during the development and post-storage period of <em>A. angustifolia</em> seeds. Cones <em>A. angustifolia</em> were collected in the Curitibanos – Santa Catarina - Brazil in March, April, May, June, July and classified in cotyledonary, I, II, III and IV development stage according to the month of collection. Thereafter, seeds were stored in a refrigerator for 60 and 120 days and submitted to germination test in a germination chamber (25°C – photoperiod 12 h), moisture content (105 °C by 24 hours), tetrazolium test (0.1% by 1 hour) and vigor tests: electric conductivity (75 mL distilled water at 25 °C) and germination speed index, shoot, root length. During seed development, the moisture content decreased from the cotyledonary stage (66.54%) to stage IV (47.44%), and an increase in viability and vigor at the last stage, was observed. During the storage, the moisture content at the cotyledonary and I stage was stable. On the other hand, at stages II and III, stored seeds showed decrease after 120 days.  Physiological quality at the cotyledonary stage increased germination to 86% and 93% after 60 and 120 days of storage, respectively. Unlike the stages II and III, that showed a decrease in seeds viability and vigor after storage. Electrical conductivity was higher for fresh seeds at the cotyledonary stage than for those stored for 60 days and 120 days. However, at other stages, released leachates content, after 120 days of storage, was higher with the advance of collection period. Germination speed index, shoot and root lengths showed seeds at cotyledonary and I stage had the highest values after storage period, unlike at stages II and III, where short root and shoot lengths were observed during storage. Thus, the maintenance of seed moisture content during storage was variable and dependent on the period of collection. Furthermore, the behavior of the physiological quality was different at the early and later stages. An early collection favored seeds physiological quality, and may be a strategy to increase the conservation of<em> A. angustifolia</em> seeds.</p>

scholarly journals Accelerated aging for evaluation of vigor in Brachiaria brizantha ‘Xaraés’ seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadne Morbeck Santos Oliveira ◽  
Marcela Carlota Nery ◽  
Karina Guimarães Ribeiro ◽  
Adriana Souza Rocha ◽  
Priscila Torres Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Germination Speed

Abstract: The aim of this study was to adjust the accelerated aging test to evaluate the physiological potential of seed lots of Brachiaria brizantha ‘Xaraés’, represented by four lots. Seeds were tested by traditional accelerated aging and with saturated NaCl solution in five aging periods: 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The profile of the lots was determined by the following measures: moisture content, germination test, first germination count, germination speed index, initial stand, emergence, and emergence speed index. The accelerated aging test makes it possible to separate the lots by the method of saturated NaCl solution for 24 hours and it is appropriate for evaluation of seed physiological potential.

scholarly journals Practical Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in a Wild Ornamental Tulip Species Tulipa thianschanica Regel

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lian-Wei Qu ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Han-Ping Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy

The innate physiological dormancy of Tulipa thianschanica seeds ensures its survival and regeneration in the natural environment. However, the low percentage of germination restricts the establishment of its population and commercial breeding. To develop effective ways to break dormancy and improve germination, some important factors of seed germination of T. thianschanica were tested, including temperature, gibberellin (GA3) and/or kinetin (KT), cold stratification and sowing depth. The percentage of germination was as high as 80.7% at a constant temperature of 4 °C, followed by 55.6% at a fluctuating temperature of 4/16 °C, and almost no seeds germinated at 16 °C, 20 °C and 16/20 °C. Treatment with exogenous GA3 significantly improved the germination of seeds, but KT had a slight effect on the germination of T. thianschanica seeds. The combined treatment of GA3 and KT was more effective at enhancing seed germination than any individual treatment, and the optimal hormone concentration for the germination of T. thianschanica seeds was 100 mg/L GA3 + 10 mg/L KT. In addition, it took at least 20 days of cold stratification to break the seed dormancy of T. thianschanica. The emergence of T. thianschanica seedlings was the highest with 82.4% at a sowing depth of 1.5 cm, and it decreased significantly at a depth of >3.0 cm. This study provides information on methods to break dormancy and promote the germination of T. thianschanica seeds.

Effect of compost in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vouillamoz ◽  
M. W. Milke
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
The Impact

The effect of compost on phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils was investigated using 130 small (200 g) containers in two screening tests. The experiments were conducted in a controlled environment using ryegrass from seed. Containers were destructively sampled at various times and analyzed for plant mass and total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results indicate that the presence of diesel reduces grass growth, and that compost helps reduced the impact of diesel on grass growth. The addition of compost helps increase diesel loss from the soils both with and without grass, though the addition of grass leads to lower diesel levels compared with controls. A second set of experiments indicates that the compost helps in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil independent of the dilution effect that compost addition has. The results indicate that the compost addition allowed diesel loss down to 200 mg TPH/kg even though the compost would be expected to hold the diesel more tightly in the soil/compost mixture. The simplicity of the screening tests led to difficulties in controlling moisture content and germination rates. The conclusion of the research is that the tilling of compost into soils combined with grass seeding appears to be a valuable option for treating petroleum-contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Physiological potential of soybean seeds after maturation and submitted to artificial drying

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-384
Author(s):  
Cesar Pedro Hartmann Filho ◽  
André Luís Duarte Goneli ◽  
Tathiana Elisa Masetto ◽  
Elton Aparecido Siqueira Martins ◽  
Guilherme Cardoso Oba
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Maturation Stages

Abstract: This study evaluated the physiological potential of soybean seeds harvested during two seasons, on different maturation stages and subjected to different drying temperatures. The seeds were harvested at the maturations stages R7, R7 + 2, R7 + 3, R7 + 5, R7 + 6, R7 + 7, R7 + 10 and R7 + 12 days (55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, and 20% of moisture content). For each maturation stage, seeds were divided into three samples: one sample was used to directly evaluate the physiological potential, and the others were dried at 40 °C and 50 °C, until reaching the moisture content of 11.5%. The physiological potential was evaluated through germination test, first germination count of germination, accelerated aging, modified cold, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence. The maximum physiological potential of seeds is achieved at the moisture content of 55%, the point that the dry matter is maximum. The seeds became tolerant to artificial drying approximately at the stage R7 + 7 days (30% of moisture content). Germination and vigor of the soybean seeds reduce as the drying temperature is increased from 40 °C to 50 °C, and this effect is enhanced when the seeds show moisture contents above 30%.

Seed development in Malva parviflora: onset of germinability, dormancy and desiccation tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pippa J. Michael ◽  
Kathryn J. Steadman ◽  
Julie A. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Malva Parviflora

Seed development was examined in Malva parviflora. The first flower opened 51 days after germination; flowers were tagged on the day that they opened and monitored for 33 days. Seeds were collected at 12 stages during this period and used to determine moisture content, germination of fresh seeds and desiccation tolerance (seeds dried to 10% moisture content followed by germination testing). Seed moisture content decreased as seeds developed, whereas fresh (max. 296 mg) and dry weight (max. 212 mg) increased to peak at 12–15 and ~21 days after flowering (DAF), respectively. Therefore, physiological maturity occurred at 21 DAF, when seed moisture content was 16–21%. Seeds were capable of germinating early in development, reaching a maximum of 63% at 9 DAF, but germination declined as development continued, presumably due to the imposition of physiological dormancy. Physical dormancy developed at or after physiological maturity, once seed moisture content declined below 20%. Seeds were able to tolerate desiccation from 18 DAF; desiccation hastened development of physical dormancy and improved germination. These results provide important information regarding M. parviflora seed development, which will ultimately improve weed control techniques aimed at preventing seed set and further additions to the seed bank.

scholarly journals Non-Deep Physiological Dormancy in Seed and Germination Requirements of Lysimachia coreana Nakai

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Saeng Geul Baek ◽  
Jin Hyun Im ◽  
Myeong Ja Kwak ◽  
Cho Hee Park ◽  
Mi Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Viability Test ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Germination Requirements

This study aimed to determine the type of seed dormancy and to identify a suitable method of dormancy-breaking for an efficient seed viability test of Lysimachia coreana Nakai. To confirm the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination at different temperatures, germination tests were conducted at 5, 15, 20, 25, 20/10, and 25/15 °C (12/12 h, light/dark), using 1% agar with 100, 250, and 500 mg·L−1 GA3. Seeds were also stratified at 5 and 25/15 °C for 6 and 9 weeks, respectively, and then germinated at the same temperature. Seeds treated with GA3 demonstrated an increased germination rate (GR) at all temperatures except 5 °C. The highest GR was 82.0% at 25/15 °C and 250 mg·L−1 GA3 (4.8 times higher than the control (14.0%)). Additionally, GR increased after cold stratification, whereas seeds did not germinate after warm stratification at all temperatures. After cold stratification, the highest GR was 56.0% at 25/15 °C, which was lower than the GR observed after GA3 treatment. We hypothesized that L. coreana seeds have a non-deep physiological dormancy and concluded that 250 mg·L−1 GA3 treatment is more effective than cold stratification (9 weeks) for L. coreana seed-dormancy-breaking.

scholarly journals Pola Penurunan Viabilitas dan Pengembangan Metode Pendugaan Vigor Daya Simpan Benih Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Astryani Rosyad ◽  
M. Rahmad Suhartanto ◽  
Abdul Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Develop Model ◽  
Papaya Seed

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Information of seed quality during storage can be determined through the actual storage and storability vigor estimation. This study aimed at comparing effective accelerated aging method<br />between physical and chemical, and studying the seed deterioration during storage in ambient (T =28-30 0C, RH=75-78%) and AC (T =18-20 0C, RH =51-60%) condition with three levels of initial moisture content (8-10%, 10-12%, and 12-14%) for 20 weeks. The final objective of this research<br />was to develop model for storability vigor of papaya seed. Two experiments, accelerated aging and seed storage were conducted at Seed Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University from October 2015 to May 2016. A completely randomized design with nested factors and four replications was applied to both experiments. The results showed that physical accelerated aging using IPB 77-1 MMM machine was more effective than chemical accelerated aging using IPB 77-1 MM machine for papaya seed. The viability of seed stored in AC condition remained high until the end of the storage period, whereas it declined at 16 week storage period in the ambient condition. The viability of seed with initial moisture content of 12-14% declined faster than that of initial moisture content of 8-10% after 18 week storage periode. The model used to estimate the storability vigor of papaya seed accurately was the equation y = a + b expcx where y : storability vigor estimation, x : aging time and a,b,c : constant value. Simulation of storability vigor estimation with constant value of a, b, c and input of aging time can estimate storability seed vigor in actual storage.<br />Keywords: accelerated aging, IPB 77-1 MM machine, IPB 77-1 MMM machine, seed storage, simulation</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Informasi mutu benih selama penyimpanan dapat diketahui melalui penyimpanan secara aktual dan pendugaan vigor daya simpan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan metode<br />pengusangan cepat yang efektif antara fisik dengan kimia serta mempelajari pola penurunan viabilitas benih selama penyimpanan aktual pada kondisi simpan kamar (suhu =28-30 0C, RH =75-78%) dan AC (suhu =18-20 0C, RH =51-60%) dengan tiga tingkat kadar air awal (8-10%, 10-12%, dan 12-14%) selama 20 minggu. Tujuan akhirnya adalah membangun model vigor daya simpan benih pepaya. Penelitian pengusangan cepat dan penyimpanan dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2015 sampai Mei 2016 di Laboratorium Benih, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian<br />Bogor. Kedua penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap tersarang dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengusangan cepat secara fisik dengan alat IPB 77-1 MMM lebih efektif daripada pengusangan kimia dengan alat IPB 77-1 MM untuk benih pepaya. Viabilitas benih yang disimpan pada kondisi AC tetap tinggi hingga akhir periode simpan, sedangkan pada kondisi kamar penurunan viabilitas dimulai pada periode simpan 16 minggu. Benih yang disimpan dengan tingkat KA awal sebesar 12-14% lebih cepat mengalami penurunan viabilitas mulai periode simpan 18 minggu dibandingkan dengan benih dengan KA awal 8-10%. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan terdapat korelasi yang erat antara pola kemunduran benih pada pengusangan cepat dan penyimpanan aktual, sehingga model pendugaan vigor daya simpan (y) berdasarkan waktu pengusangan (x) dapat disusun dengan persamaan y = a + b expcx. Simulasi pendugaan vigor daya simpan dengan nilai konstanta a, b, dan c serta input waktu pengusangan dapat menduga vigor daya simpan benih selama penyimpanan aktual.<br />Kata kunci: alat IPB 77-1 MM, alat IPB 77-1 MMM, pengusangan cepat, penyimpanan benih,<br />simulasi</p>

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