scholarly journals The influence of the interception process on the precipitation quality in a catchment covered by subtropical Atlantic Forest

RBRH ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Henrique Macedo Sá ◽  
Pedro Luiz Borges Chaffe ◽  
Matthieu Jack Joseph Quillet
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interception Loss ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest

ABSTRACT The interception process is responsible for the spatial and temporal redistribution of the precipitation that reaches the ground. The contact of the precipitation with the canopy influences on the water quality, increasing the concentration of various nutrients in the throughfall (Tf) and stemflow (Sf). The objective of this study was to assess the influence of the interception process on the precipitation quality in a catchment covered by Mixed Ombrophilous Forest. The precipitation (P) monitoring consisted of two rain gauges installed outside the basin. Six gauges were installed within the basin for Tf monitoring. The Sf monitoring was conducted in nine trees. Water sampled at all points was analyzed for color, conductivity, pH, turbidity, and total dissolved solids. The concentrations of Nitrate (NO3-), Chloride (Cl-), Phosphate (PO43-), Sulfate (SO42-), Acetate (CH3CO2-) and Calcium (Ca2+) ions were measured in five points, i.e., one precipitation, two throughfall and two stemflow. Measured precipitation, throughfall and stemflow during the period were 652.1 mm, 584.5 mm (89,6% P) and 2.6 mm (0,4% P), respectively. Total interception loss was 65 mm, corresponding to 10% of the total precipitation. The highest values of the physicochemical parameters were found in the Sf and the Tf. The pH was lower in the Sf, and it decreases with the diameter at breast height. There was no significant relationship between the physicochemical parameters and the canopy cover fraction. The analysis shows the significant difference in the water quality of the precipitation that reaches the ground after being intercepted.

scholarly journals Assessment of Quality of Groundwater in Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi Areas of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 898-904
Author(s):  
D. Ilangeswaran ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
D. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Various samples of groundwater were collected from different areas of Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results of this analysis were compared with the water quality standards of ISI, WHO and CPHEEO. In this analysis the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, Cl-, F-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, NO2-, CN-, Nas+, K+, NH3, Mn, Fe, Ca & Mg hardnessetc., were determined using standard procedures. The quality of groundwater samples were discussed with respect to these parameters and thus an attempt were made to ascertain the quality of groundwater used for drinking and cooking purposes in and around Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi areas.

scholarly journals Multivariate and Spatial Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters in an Irrigation District, Chihuahua, Mexico

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Prieto-Amparán ◽  
Beatriz Rocha-Gutiérrez ◽  
María Ballinas-Casarrubias ◽  
María Valles-Aragón ◽  
María Peralta-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Agricultural Use

Water quality is relevant due to the complexity of the interaction of physicochemical and biological parameters. The Irrigation District 005 (ID005) is one of the most important agricultural region in Chihuahua, México; for that reason, it was proposed to investigate the water quality of the site. Water samples were collected in two periods: Summer (S1) and Fall (S2). The samples were taken from 65 wells in S1, and 54 wells in S2. Physicochemical parameters (PhP) such as Arsenic (As), Temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Oxide Reduction Potential (ORP), Hardness, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Turbidity were analyzed. The data were subjected to statistical principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and spatial variability tests. In both seasons, the TDS exceeded the Mexican maximum permissible level (MPL) (35% S1, 39% S2). Turbidity exceeded the MPL in S1 (29%) and in S2 (12%). Arsenic was above the MPL for water of agricultural use in 9% (S1) and 13% (S2) of the wells. The PCA results suggested that most variations in water quality in S1 were due to As, pH and Temperature, followed by EC, TDS and Hardness; while in S2 to EC, TDS and Hardness, followed by As and pH.

Fecal and Coliform Levels as Indicative Factors in Deterioration of the Water Quality of

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
EUKENE OPORTO BENSIG ◽  
MARY JOYCE L. FLORES ◽  
FLEURDELIZ F. MAGLANGIT
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Ecology ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

The use of surface waters such as rivers for domestic, agricultural andindustrial purposes have made them vulnerable to pollution leading to impairedwater quality. The water quality of Lahug River in Cebu City was evaluated usingcoliforms as indicators, in relation with physicochemical parameters such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate,pH, phosphate, salinity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS) and totalsuspended solids (TSS). Sampling was done once a month from November 2011to April 2012 in three stations covering the upstream, midstream and downstream.The multiple tube fermentation technique was used for the analysis of coliforms.The level of these indicator bacteria increased from the upstream towards thelower reaches of the river especially in the months of February to April; however,the difference in values across time was not significant. This implies that therewas a continuous fecal pollution in the river. There were no statistically significantcorrelations between FCs and TCs with the physicochemical parameters. Anegative relationship was observed among FCs and TCs with pH, TSS, DOand nitrate (p>0.05). These results suggest the presence of sewage and organicpollutants in the river.Keywords: Aquatic Ecology, water quality, coliform, physicochemical parameters,experimental design, Philippines

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of the Water Quality of Four Types of Aquaculture Ponds under Different Culture Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Moshood Keke Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract Water quality of collapsible, concrete, earthen and natural ponds under different culture systems were assessed using of Photometer and tester. Temporal and spatial replications of samples were done in triplicates. Dissolved oxygen ranged between 4.6 to 6.8 mg/l, carbon dioxide 1.4 - 3.0 mg/l, nitrate 1.6 - 3.2 mg/l, phosphate 0.8 - 2.3 mg/l, calcium hardness 65- 100 mg/l, magnesium hardness 30 - 50 mg/l and total hardness 80 and 165 mg/l. Conductivity ranged between 346 - 472 μS/cm, total dissolved solids 232 - 316 mg/l, transparency 36 - 82 cm, alkalinity 105 - 245 mg/l, pH 6.35 - 8.03 and temperature 29.1 to 35.9 °C. Significant difference (P<0.05) was obtained among the parameters in the ponds showing the effects of the different culture systems on the water quality. Variations in the water quality was due to the presence of plankton and macrophytes found in earthen and natural ponds where semi-intensive and extensive culture were practiced, use of artificial feed in collapsible and concrete ponds where intensive culture was done, effects of respiration, photosynthesis and decomposition, source of water and materials used for the construction of the ponds. Water quality in the ponds under the different culture systems was good.

scholarly journals Quantitative vulnerability assessment of Corda river water basin: impacts of seasonality on water quality in the State of Maranhao

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e2
Author(s):  
Késia Gomes da SIlva Cavalcanti ◽  
Darlan Ferreira Da Silva ◽  
Neuriane SIlva Lima ◽  
Rita De Cássia Mendonça ◽  
Wallace Ribeiro Nunes Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
American Public Health Association ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Health Association ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

The Corda river is the main source of fresh water for recreation, leisure, supply and irrigation to the municipality of Barra do Corda - MA. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of Corda river’s water using the methodology described by the American Public Health Association. The water samples were collected in the seasonal period spanning between February and September of the year of 2018. The parameters which were analyzed during the study were pH, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids and salinity, besides concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and total phosphorus. Three principal components were identified during the PC Analysis. Those components explain more than 74% of the total variance observed during the rainy and dry season. Axis 1and 2 included variables which were related to quality of water and could be affected by the change in seasons. The results indicated that pH (7.11), P (2,82 mg L-1), NO3- (3,23 mg L-1), turbidity (35.82 NTU) and conductivity (35.83 µS/cm) parameters were most affected by changing from rainy to dry season.

scholarly journals Water Quality and Haematological Indices of Clarias gariepinus from Ogun River (Nigeria)

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Olaniyi Alaba Olopade ◽  
Iyabode Olusola Taiwo ◽  
Comfort Opeoluwa Oluwoleand ◽  
Justin Ayaegbunem Akankali
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Haematological Indices ◽  
Ogun River

Abstract This study was conducted to assess the effect of water quality of the Ogun River on the haematological indices of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Samples of water and Clarias gariepinus were collected from Ogun River (Station I, Opeji and Station II, Lafenwa) to determine and compare effects of possible differences in water quality on haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus. The results demonstrate that higher index values were recorded at station II than Station I for almost all the physicochemical parameters and only sulphate values from Stations I and II were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Water Quality of the Trstionica River (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
Šuhreta Delibašić ◽  
Jasna Huremović ◽  
Sabina Žero ◽  
Sabina Gojak-Salimović
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization

The present study was conducted to investigate the water quality of the Trstionica River, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The physicochemical properties (temperature, pH, conductivity, total solids after evaporation at 105 °C), content of metals (calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)), and anions (chloride (Cl–), and phosphate (PO43–)) were determined in water samples collected at seven locations during two sampling periods: unstable weather conditions (precipitation), and stable weather conditions (without precipitation). There was a significant difference in the content of individual parameters in the river water depending on the sampling time. For determination of metals concentrations, which were below the limit of detection, a preconcentration method using an ion-exchange resin was applied. The metals concentrations during the rainy day were in the order Ca &gt; Mg &gt; Na &gt; Fe &gt; Cu &gt; Zn &gt; Pb &gt; Mn with mean values of 343, 6.03, 1.94, 0.18, 0.20, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01 mg dm–3, respectively, and during stable weather conditions: Ca &gt; Mg &gt; Na &gt; Cu &gt; Fe &gt; Mn &gt; Zn with mean values of 288, 7.62, 2.38, 0.11, 0.10, 0.01, 0.01 mg dm–3, respectively. Cd, Cr, and Ni concentrations were below limit of detection in both cases. Obtained values were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) regulations. The results showed that the Trstionica River in the investigated part of the stream meets most of the parameters required by the regulations. The correlation between analysed parameters was assessed, as well. Based on the calculated water quality index values, the water of Trstionica River falls into the category of excellent water.

Survey of the Water Quality of the Bahar County Streams (Iran) by NSFWQI

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Abbas Ghaffari Habib ◽  
Seyed Hadi Khatami
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
The Mean

In Bahar County (Iran), rivers are among the important sources of water for the agricultural sector. Therefore, this research evaluated the parameters of temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, nitrate, total phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and fecal coliform at five stations for five months (from February 2015 to June 2015) to determine water quality in the rivers. Based on this evaluation, the NSFWQI index was calculated and, finally, the routes of the rivers were zoned. The best water quality was recorded at Station Number 3 with the NSFWQI Value of 80 in January, and the worst at Station Number 5 (latgah) with the NSFWQI Value of 37 in June. Based on the mean NSFWQI indices, water quality was Medium at Stations Number 1, 2, and 4, good at Station Number 3, and bad at Station number 5.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality of the Public Swimming Pools in Klang Valley Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naim Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Swimming Pools

Abstract Background: Water is essential for life and it been used for various activities such as drinking, bathing, and recreational purposes and also one of the modes of the transmission of the disease.Objective: The objective of this study to assess the presence of bacteriological and physicochemical quality of swimming pools’ water in Lembah Klang, Malaysia.Methodology: Seven water samples collected from outdoor and indoor swimming pools (hotel, apartment, and public swimming pool) in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. Water samples were collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters were determined using water quality testing kit pH & chlorine apparatuses. The water sample was cultured and incubated. The presence of bacteria was counted by the total bacterial count method.Result: The ranges of mean values of the various chlorine level parameters of the selected water samples investigated for the apartment, hotel, and municipal were, 0.56±1.01, 0.77±0.95, and 1.19±0.91. All the physicochemical parameters except conductivity values were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) standards 2006 and American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas (ANSI/APSP) 2015. The mean, standard plate count of water samples from the selected apartment, hotel, and municipal’s swimming pools were, 28407.14±28469.05, 8192.86±10556.36, and 3257.14±6250.17which above the WHO Guideline limit, thus signifying contamination.Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in the personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate cleansing of the pools, and enforcement of standards by the government.

scholarly journals Physio-chemical Parameters of Wastewater from Food Industries of Faisalabad

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Rafakat Sajjad ◽  
Nida Talat ◽  
Umay Habiba ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Standard Values

Food waste or food loss is food that is unnecessary or lost uneaten. The reasons of food waste or loss are various and take place at the stages of production, processing, transaction and utilization. The main objective of this study was to access the quality of groundwater in Faisalabad city.               From different food industries of Faisalabad water samples were collected to estimate their physicochemical parameters. The physiochemical parameters such as (pH, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Calcium, Bi-carbonates, Total Hardness and chloride) were analyzed and their values were compared with the standard values. In the majority of the industries waste, water was not up to the mark. pH, TSS, EC and Chlorides values were out of range in most of the samples. On the completion of data physiochemical parameters of groundwater, statistical analysis was applied. Descriptive statistics were carried out to evaluate the significant differences between means of samples.

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