Multivariate and Spatial Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters in an Irrigation District, Chihuahua, Mexico

Water quality is relevant due to the complexity of the interaction of physicochemical and biological parameters. The Irrigation District 005 (ID005) is one of the most important agricultural region in Chihuahua, México; for that reason, it was proposed to investigate the water quality of the site. Water samples were collected in two periods: Summer (S1) and Fall (S2). The samples were taken from 65 wells in S1, and 54 wells in S2. Physicochemical parameters (PhP) such as Arsenic (As), Temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Oxide Reduction Potential (ORP), Hardness, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Turbidity were analyzed. The data were subjected to statistical principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and spatial variability tests. In both seasons, the TDS exceeded the Mexican maximum permissible level (MPL) (35% S1, 39% S2). Turbidity exceeded the MPL in S1 (29%) and in S2 (12%). Arsenic was above the MPL for water of agricultural use in 9% (S1) and 13% (S2) of the wells. The PCA results suggested that most variations in water quality in S1 were due to As, pH and Temperature, followed by EC, TDS and Hardness; while in S2 to EC, TDS and Hardness, followed by As and pH.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Quality of Groundwater in Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi Areas of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu, India

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2009/628719 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 898-904

Author(s):

D. Ilangeswaran ◽

R. Kumar ◽

D. Kannan

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Water Quality Standards ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Groundwater Samples

Various samples of groundwater were collected from different areas of Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results of this analysis were compared with the water quality standards of ISI, WHO and CPHEEO. In this analysis the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, Cl-, F-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, NO2-, CN-, Nas+, K+, NH3, Mn, Fe, Ca & Mg hardnessetc., were determined using standard procedures. The quality of groundwater samples were discussed with respect to these parameters and thus an attempt were made to ascertain the quality of groundwater used for drinking and cooking purposes in and around Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi areas.

Download Full-text

Fecal and Coliform Levels as Indicative Factors in Deterioration of the Water Quality of

IAMURE International Journal of Ecology and Conservation ◽

10.7718/ijec.v10i1.770 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

EUKENE OPORTO BENSIG ◽

MARY JOYCE L. FLORES ◽

FLEURDELIZ F. MAGLANGIT

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Aquatic Ecology ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Biological Oxygen Demand ◽

Indicator Bacteria ◽

The Difference

The use of surface waters such as rivers for domestic, agricultural andindustrial purposes have made them vulnerable to pollution leading to impairedwater quality. The water quality of Lahug River in Cebu City was evaluated usingcoliforms as indicators, in relation with physicochemical parameters such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate,pH, phosphate, salinity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS) and totalsuspended solids (TSS). Sampling was done once a month from November 2011to April 2012 in three stations covering the upstream, midstream and downstream.The multiple tube fermentation technique was used for the analysis of coliforms.The level of these indicator bacteria increased from the upstream towards thelower reaches of the river especially in the months of February to April; however,the difference in values across time was not significant. This implies that therewas a continuous fecal pollution in the river. There were no statistically significantcorrelations between FCs and TCs with the physicochemical parameters. Anegative relationship was observed among FCs and TCs with pH, TSS, DOand nitrate (p>0.05). These results suggest the presence of sewage and organicpollutants in the river.Keywords: Aquatic Ecology, water quality, coliform, physicochemical parameters,experimental design, Philippines

Download Full-text

Quantitative vulnerability assessment of Corda river water basin: impacts of seasonality on water quality in the State of Maranhao

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x39745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e2

Author(s):

Késia Gomes da SIlva Cavalcanti ◽

Darlan Ferreira Da Silva ◽

Neuriane SIlva Lima ◽

Rita De Cássia Mendonça ◽

Wallace Ribeiro Nunes Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Water Quality ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Dry Season ◽

American Public Health Association ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Health Association ◽

Nitrite Nitrate

The Corda river is the main source of fresh water for recreation, leisure, supply and irrigation to the municipality of Barra do Corda - MA. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of Corda river’s water using the methodology described by the American Public Health Association. The water samples were collected in the seasonal period spanning between February and September of the year of 2018. The parameters which were analyzed during the study were pH, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids and salinity, besides concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and total phosphorus. Three principal components were identified during the PC Analysis. Those components explain more than 74% of the total variance observed during the rainy and dry season. Axis 1and 2 included variables which were related to quality of water and could be affected by the change in seasons. The results indicated that pH (7.11), P (2,82 mg L-1), NO3- (3,23 mg L-1), turbidity (35.82 NTU) and conductivity (35.83 µS/cm) parameters were most affected by changing from rainy to dry season.

Download Full-text

The influence of the interception process on the precipitation quality in a catchment covered by subtropical Atlantic Forest

RBRH ◽

10.1590/2318-0331.011616045 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 742-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

João Henrique Macedo Sá ◽

Pedro Luiz Borges Chaffe ◽

Matthieu Jack Joseph Quillet

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Rain Gauges ◽

Breast Height ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Interception Loss ◽

Ombrophilous Forest

ABSTRACT The interception process is responsible for the spatial and temporal redistribution of the precipitation that reaches the ground. The contact of the precipitation with the canopy influences on the water quality, increasing the concentration of various nutrients in the throughfall (Tf) and stemflow (Sf). The objective of this study was to assess the influence of the interception process on the precipitation quality in a catchment covered by Mixed Ombrophilous Forest. The precipitation (P) monitoring consisted of two rain gauges installed outside the basin. Six gauges were installed within the basin for Tf monitoring. The Sf monitoring was conducted in nine trees. Water sampled at all points was analyzed for color, conductivity, pH, turbidity, and total dissolved solids. The concentrations of Nitrate (NO3-), Chloride (Cl-), Phosphate (PO43-), Sulfate (SO42-), Acetate (CH3CO2-) and Calcium (Ca2+) ions were measured in five points, i.e., one precipitation, two throughfall and two stemflow. Measured precipitation, throughfall and stemflow during the period were 652.1 mm, 584.5 mm (89,6% P) and 2.6 mm (0,4% P), respectively. Total interception loss was 65 mm, corresponding to 10% of the total precipitation. The highest values of the physicochemical parameters were found in the Sf and the Tf. The pH was lower in the Sf, and it decreases with the diameter at breast height. There was no significant relationship between the physicochemical parameters and the canopy cover fraction. The analysis shows the significant difference in the water quality of the precipitation that reaches the ground after being intercepted.

Download Full-text

Water Quality and Haematological Indices of Clarias gariepinus from Ogun River (Nigeria)

Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research ◽

10.1515/trser-2015-0068 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 105-112

Author(s):

Olaniyi Alaba Olopade ◽

Iyabode Olusola Taiwo ◽

Comfort Opeoluwa Oluwoleand ◽

Justin Ayaegbunem Akankali

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

African Catfish ◽

Effect Of Water ◽

Almost All ◽

Haematological Indices ◽

Ogun River

Abstract This study was conducted to assess the effect of water quality of the Ogun River on the haematological indices of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Samples of water and Clarias gariepinus were collected from Ogun River (Station I, Opeji and Station II, Lafenwa) to determine and compare effects of possible differences in water quality on haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus. The results demonstrate that higher index values were recorded at station II than Station I for almost all the physicochemical parameters and only sulphate values from Stations I and II were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Download Full-text

Survey of the Water Quality of the Bahar County Streams (Iran) by NSFWQI

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2015.se1646 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (SE) ◽

pp. 395-403

Author(s):

Abbas Ghaffari Habib ◽

Seyed Hadi Khatami

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Fecal Coliform ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Biological Oxygen Demand ◽

Dissolved Solids ◽

The Mean

In Bahar County (Iran), rivers are among the important sources of water for the agricultural sector. Therefore, this research evaluated the parameters of temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, nitrate, total phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and fecal coliform at five stations for five months (from February 2015 to June 2015) to determine water quality in the rivers. Based on this evaluation, the NSFWQI index was calculated and, finally, the routes of the rivers were zoned. The best water quality was recorded at Station Number 3 with the NSFWQI Value of 80 in January, and the worst at Station Number 5 (latgah) with the NSFWQI Value of 37 in June. Based on the mean NSFWQI indices, water quality was Medium at Stations Number 1, 2, and 4, good at Station Number 3, and bad at Station number 5.

Download Full-text

Groundwater quality assessment of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo Talukas of District Qambar Shahdadkot, Sindh

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-019-1098-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani ◽

Muhammad Yar Khuhawar ◽

Taj Muhammad Jahangir Khuhawar

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Principal Component ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

World Health ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

High Concentration ◽

Permissible Limits ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Health Organization

AbstractThe study examines the water quality of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo talukas of Qambar Shahdadkot District, less affected by industrial contamination. A total of 38 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for 28 parameters. The results indicated that 57.89% samples were not suitable for drinking purpose with total dissolved solids above than maximum permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) (1000 mg/L). The pH, total phosphate, orthophosphate and nitrite were within WHO limits. The concentration of essential metals more than half samples, fluoride in 60.52% and heavy metals 0–50% were contaminated higher than permissible limits of WHO. The statistical analysis of water quality parameters was also carried out to evaluate coefficient of determination among the parameters, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Water quality determined for irrigation based on Kelly index (KI), sodium percentage (Na%), chloride–sulphate ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, permeability index (PI), chloroalkaline indices 1 (CAI-1), residual sodium carbonate and chloride bicarbonate ratio indicated that samples (55 to 100%) could be used for irrigation purposes. The consumption of water with high concentration of salts and fluoride above the permissible limits may be a cause of a number of diseases in the area.

Download Full-text

Water quality analysis and model simulation for the second largest polluted lake in Egypt

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13593 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 1762

Author(s):

Diaa SeifSeif ◽

Mahmoud Nasr ◽

Mohamed R. Soliman ◽

Medhat Moustafa ◽

Walid Elbarki

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Model Simulation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fish Growth ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Lake Water Quality ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

North East ◽

Burullus Lake

This study investigated the spatial variation in the water quality parameters of Burullus Lake using multivariate analysis and MIKE21 model. The lake was classified into zone-1 at north-east (Z1), zone-2 at south-east (Z2), zone-3 at north-middle (Z3), zone-4 at south-middle (Z4), zone-5 at north-west (Z5), zone-6 at south-west (Z6), and zone-7 at west (Z7). The obtained parameters were temperature 21.5±5.0 ºC, pH 8.2±0.6, dissolved oxygen (DO) 5.9±1.0 mg/L, biological oxygen demand (BOD) 23.9±5.7 mg/L, NH3-N 2.5±0.3 mg/L, NO2-N 1.9±0.3 mg/L, NO3-N 1.2±0.3 mg/L, PO4-P 1.9±0.3 mg/L, SiO4 3.2±0.1 mg/L, Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) 88.2±10.8 µg/L, and salinity 3.2±1.0 g/L. Principal component analysis showed that agricultural drainage water was the key factor influencing the water quality characteristics of Burullus Lake. Water quality index (WQI) varied between “Bad” to “Medium”, suggesting that the lake wasn’t suitable for irrigation and fish growth; however, it was appropriate for some aquatic life. A MIKE21 model was developed to provide a recommendation scenario that could be used to enhance the water quality of Burullus Lake. By improving the water quality of precise drains (namely drains 7 and 8), the WQI at Z4 and Z6 modified from “Bad” to “Medium”. The period required to achieve this self-purification was 5 months.

Download Full-text

Discrimination of Natural Mature Acacia Honey Based on Multi-Physicochemical Parameters Combined with Chemometric Analysis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24142674 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (14) ◽

pp. 2674 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tianchen Ma ◽

Haoan Zhao ◽

Caiyun Liu ◽

Min Zhu ◽

Hui Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Chemometric Analysis ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Acacia Honey

Honey maturity is an important factor in evaluating the quality of honey. We established a method for the identification of natural mature acacia honey with eighteen physicochemical parameters combined with chemometric analysis. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between mature and immature acacia honey in physicochemical parameters. The principal component analysis explained 82.64% of the variance among samples, and indicated that total phenolic content, total protein content, and total sugar (glucose, fructose, sucrose) were the major variables. The cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis demonstrated that samples were grouped in relation to the maturity coinciding with the results of the principal component analysis. Meanwhile, the 35 test samples were classified with 100% accuracy with the method of multi-physicochemical parameters combined with chemometric analysis. All the results presented above proved the possibility of identifying mature acacia honey and immature acacia honey according to the chemometric analysis based on the multi-physicochemical parameters.

Download Full-text

A framework of characteristics identification and source apportionment of water pollution in a river: a case study in the Jinjiang River, China

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.118 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 2071-2078 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Haiyang Chen ◽

Yanguo Teng ◽

Jinsheng Wang

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Water Quality ◽

Source Apportionment ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Anthropogenic Pollution ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Support Vector ◽

Jinjiang River

A framework for characteristics identification and source apportionment of water pollution in the Jinjiang River of China was proposed in this study for evaluation. A total of 114 water samples which were generated between May 2009 and September 2010 at 13 sites were collected and analysed. First, support vector machine (SVM) and water quality pollutant index (WQPI) were used for water quality comprehensive evaluation and identifying characteristic contaminants. Later, factor analysis with nonnegative constraints (FA-NNC) was employed for source apportionment. Finally, multi-linear regression of the absolute principal component score (APCS/MLR) was applied to further estimate source contributions for each characteristic contaminant. The results indicated that the water quality of the Jinjiang River was mainly at the third level (65.79%) based on national surface water quality permissible standards in China. Ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, mercury, iron and manganese were identified as characteristic contaminants. Source apportionment results showed that industrial activities (63.16%), agricultural non-point source (16.50%) and domestic sewage (12.85%) were the main anthropogenic pollution sources which were influencing the water quality of Jinjiang River. This proposed method provided a helpful framework for conducting water pollution management in aquatic environment.

Download Full-text