Reinfections with strains of Trypanosoma cruzi, of different biodemes as a factor of aggravation of myocarditis and myositis in mice

Reinfections with Trypanosoma cruzi in patients from endemic areas have been claimed to be an aggravation factor of cardiac manifestations in Chagas' disease. In the present study, the influence of triple infections with strains of different biodemes, on cardiac and skeletal muscle lesions was experimentally tested. Fifty eight mice chronically infected with the Colombian strain (Biodeme Type III) were successively reinfected as follows: 1st group - reinfected with 21 SF strain (Type II) followed by Y strain (Type I ); 2nd - group reinfections with Y strain followed by 21SF strain. Isoenzyme analysis of parasites from hemocultures obtained from triple infected mice, revealed the patterns of three distinct zymodemes in the same animal. Each Trypanosoma cruzi strain was reisolated after four passages in mice on either the 7th, 14th or 30th day after inoculation with the blood of triple infected mice. Histopathology results demonstrated a significant exacerbation of cardiac and skeletal muscle inflammatory lesions, confirmed by morphometric evaluation, in mice with triple infection. No aggravation of parasitism was detected. The possibility of an enhancement of cellular response in the triple infected mice is suggested.

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Activities of creatine kinase and its isoenzymes in serum in various skeletal muscle disorders.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/34.12.2460 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 2460-2462 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J Arenas ◽

V Diaz ◽

G Liras ◽

E Gutierrez ◽

I Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Creatine Kinase ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Principal Factor ◽

Isoenzyme Pattern ◽

Type I ◽

Isoenzyme Analysis ◽

Muscle Disorders ◽

Total Creatine ◽

Skeletal Muscle Disorders

Abstract We studied possible correlations between anatomopathological and clinical features and the values for total creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) and its isoenzymes, including the proportion of CK-MB, in a population displaying several neuromuscular pathologies. Although we observed no specific isoenzyme pattern associated with the different myopathies, we found isoenzyme analysis useful in studying the histopathological evolution of illness. We also considered whether the pathology was regenerative or nonregenerative, and what type of fiber (I or II) was involved. High CK-MB percentages (greater than 6%) were associated with regenerative and type I fiber myopathies, with regenerative type tissues being the principal factor associated with an increasing proportion of CK-MB. Studying the changes in CK-MB percentage in serum appears to be useful in discriminating neuromuscular from myocardial pathologies.

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Trypanosoma cruzi Causes Paralyzing Systemic Necrotizing Vasculitis Driven by Pathogen-Specific Type I Immunity in Mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.01497-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 1123-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ester Roffê ◽

Ana Paula M. P. Marino ◽

Joseph Weaver ◽

Wuzhou Wan ◽

Fernanda F. de Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Interleukin 17 ◽

Type I ◽

Necrotizing Vasculitis ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Content Type ◽

Inflammatory Monocytes

Infectious agents are often considered potential triggers of chronic inflammatory disease, including autoimmunity; however, direct evidence is usually lacking. Here we show that following control of acute infection of mice with the myotropic Colombiana strain ofTrypanosoma cruzi, parasites persisted in tissue at low levels associated with development of systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Lesions occurred in many but not all organs and tissues, with skeletal muscle arteries being the most severely affected, and were associated with myositis, atrophy, paresis/paralysis, and death. Histopathology showed fibrinoid vascular necrosis, rare amastigote nests within skeletal muscle myocytes, and massive leukocyte infiltrates composed mainly of inflammatory monocytes, F4/80+macrophages, andT. cruzitetramer-specific CD8+T lymphocytes capable of producing gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) but not interleukin-17 (IL-17).T. cruzi-specific IgG was detected in sera from infected mice, but antibody deposits and neutrophilic inflammation were not features of the lesions. Thus,T. cruziinfection of mice may be a specific infectious trigger of paralyzing systemic necrotizing vasculitis most severely affecting skeletal muscle, driven by pathogen-specific type I immune responses.

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Protective Efficacy of a Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Protein 13 Plasmid DNA Vaccine in Mice

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00397-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 1916-1920 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Pei-Yuan Wang ◽

Zi-Guo Yuan ◽

Eskild Petersen ◽

Jie Li ◽

Xiu-Xiang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Dna Vaccine ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Eukaryotic Expression ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Type I ◽

Content Type ◽

Strain Type ◽

Rhoptry Protein

ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular parasite infecting humans and other warm-blooded animals, resulting in serious public health problems and economic losses worldwide. Rhoptries are involved inT. gondiiinvasion and host cell interaction and have been implicated as important virulence factors. In the present study, a DNA vaccine expressing rhoptry protein 13 (ROP13) ofT. gondiiinserted into eukaryotic expression vector pVAX I was constructed, and the immune protection it induced in Kunming mice was evaluated. Kunming mice were immunized intramuscularly with pVAX-ROP13 and/or with interleukin-18 (IL-18). Then, we evaluated the immune response using a lymphoproliferative assay, cytokine and antibody measurements, and the survival times of mice challenged with the virulentT. gondiiRH strain (type I) and the cyst-forming PRU strain (type II). The results showed that pVAX-ROP13 alone or with pVAX/IL-18 induced a high level of specific anti-T. gondiiantibodies and specific lymphocyte proliferative responses. Coinjection of pVAX/IL-18 significantly increased the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10. Further, challenge experiments showed that coimmunization of pVAX-ROP13 with pVAX/IL-18 significantly (P< 0.05) increased survival time (32.3 ± 2.7 days) compared with pVAX-ROP13 alone (24.9 ± 2.3 days). Immunized mice challenged withT. gondiicysts (strain PRU) had a significant reduction in the number of brain cysts, suggesting that ROP13 could trigger a strong humoral and cellular response againstT. gondiicyst infection and that it is a potential vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis, which provided the foundation for further development of effective vaccines againstT. gondii.

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Plasma and skeletal muscle free amino acids in type I, insulin-treated diabetic subjects

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.34.8.812 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 812-815 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Borghi ◽

R. Lugari ◽

A. Montanari ◽

P. Dall'Argine ◽

G. F. Elia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Type I

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Proteomic and genomic analysis of acid dentin lysate with focus on TGF-β signaling

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89996-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jila Nasirzade ◽

Zahra Kargarpour ◽

Goran Mitulović ◽

Franz Josef Strauss ◽

Layla Panahipour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Response ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Type I ◽

Gingival Fibroblasts ◽

Nadph Oxidase 4 ◽

Major Response ◽

Collagen Membranes ◽

Β Receptor

AbstractParticulate autologous tooth roots are increasingly used for alveolar bone augmentation; however, the proteomic profile of acid dentin lysate and the respective cellular response have not been investigated. Here we show that TGF-β1 is among the 226 proteins of acid dentin lysate (ADL) prepared from porcine teeth. RNA sequencing identified 231 strongly regulated genes when gingival fibroblasts were exposed to ADL. Out of these genes, about one third required activation of the TGF-β receptor type I kinase including interleukin 11 (IL11) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoassay confirmed the TGF-β-dependent expression of IL11 and NOX4. The activation of canonical TGF-β signaling by ADL was further confirmed by the phosphorylation of Smad3 and translocation of Smad2/3, using Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Finally, we showed that TGF-β activity released from dentin by acid lysis adsorbs to titanium and collagen membranes. These findings suggest that dentin particles are a rich source of TGF-β causing a major response of gingival fibroblasts.

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The effects of exercise training versus intensive insulin treatment on skeletal muscle fibre content in type 1 diabetes mellitus rodents

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-021-01494-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David P. McBey ◽

Michelle Dotzert ◽

C. W. J. Melling

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Muscle Fibre ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Fibre Type ◽

Insulin Treatment ◽

Type I

Abstract Background Intensive-insulin treatment (IIT) strategy for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been associated with sedentary behaviour and the development of insulin resistance. Exercising patients with T1DM often utilize a conventional insulin treatment (CIT) strategy leading to increased insulin sensitivity through improved intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content. It is unclear how these exercise-related metabolic adaptations in response to exercise training relate to individual fibre-type transitions, and whether these alterations are evident between different insulin strategies (CIT vs. IIT). Purpose: This study examined glycogen and fat content in skeletal muscle fibres of diabetic rats following exercise-training. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control-Sedentary, CIT- and IIT-treated diabetic sedentary, and CIT-exercised trained (aerobic/resistance; DARE). After 12 weeks, muscle-fibre lipids and glycogen were compared through immunohistochemical analysis. Results The primary findings were that both IIT and DARE led to significant increases in type I fibres when compared to CIT, while DARE led to significantly increased lipid content in type I fibres compared to IIT. Conclusions These findings indicate that alterations in lipid content with insulin treatment and DARE are primarily evident in type I fibres, suggesting that muscle lipotoxicity in type 1 diabetes is muscle fibre-type dependant.

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Physiology of a Microgravity Environment Invited Review: Microgravity and skeletal muscle

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.2000.89.2.823 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 823-839 ◽

Cited By ~ 332

Author(s):

Robert H. Fitts ◽

Danny R. Riley ◽

Jeffrey J. Widrick

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Thin Filament ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽

Microgravity Environment ◽

Type I ◽

Fiber Types ◽

Maximal Velocity ◽

Cross Sectional

Spaceflight (SF) has been shown to cause skeletal muscle atrophy; a loss in force and power; and, in the first few weeks, a preferential atrophy of extensors over flexors. The atrophy primarily results from a reduced protein synthesis that is likely triggered by the removal of the antigravity load. Contractile proteins are lost out of proportion to other cellular proteins, and the actin thin filament is lost disproportionately to the myosin thick filament. The decline in contractile protein explains the decrease in force per cross-sectional area, whereas the thin-filament loss may explain the observed postflight increase in the maximal velocity of shortening in the type I and IIa fiber types. Importantly, the microgravity-induced decline in peak power is partially offset by the increased fiber velocity. Muscle velocity is further increased by the microgravity-induced expression of fast-type myosin isozymes in slow fibers (hybrid I/II fibers) and by the increased expression of fast type II fiber types. SF increases the susceptibility of skeletal muscle to damage, with the actual damage elicited during postflight reloading. Evidence in rats indicates that SF increases fatigability and reduces the capacity for fat oxidation in skeletal muscles. Future studies will be required to establish the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the SF-induced muscle atrophy and functional loss and to develop effective exercise countermeasures.

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Losartan Improves Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Niche by Inhibiting Transforming Growth Factor-β and Fibrosis in Skeletal Muscle Injury

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.3727/096368912x637055 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 2407-2424 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Jin-Kyu Park ◽

Mi-Ran Ki ◽

Eun-Mi Lee ◽

Ah-Young Kim ◽

Sang-Young You ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Muscle Injury ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Combined Therapy ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Type I ◽

Skeletal Muscle Injury ◽

Losartan Treatment

Recently, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) were emerged as an alternative, abundant, and easily accessible source of stem cell therapy. Previous studies revealed losartan (an angiotensin II type I receptor blocker) treatment promoted the healing of skeletal muscle by attenuation of the TGF-β signaling pathway, which inhibits muscle differentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that a combined therapy using ASCs and losartan might dramatically improve the muscle remodeling after muscle injury. To determine the combined effect of losartan with ASC transplantation, we created a muscle laceration mouse model. EGFP-labeled ASCs were locally transplanted to the injured gastrocnemius muscle after muscle laceration. The dramatic muscle regeneration and the remarkably inhibited muscular fibrosis were observed by combined treatment. Transplanted ASCs fused with the injured or differentiating myofibers. Myotube formation was also enhanced by ASC+ satellite coculture and losartan treatment. Thus, the present study indicated that ASC transplantation effect for skeletal muscle injury can be dramatically improved by losartan treatment inducing better niche.

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Global and targeted gene expression and protein content in skeletal muscle of young men following short-term creatine monohydrate supplementation

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00157.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 219-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Adeel Safdar ◽

Nicholas J. Yardley ◽

Rodney Snow ◽

Simon Melov ◽

Mark A. Tarnopolsky

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Protein Content ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

Creatine Monohydrate ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cell Swelling ◽

Short Term

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to increase fat-free mass and muscle power output possibly via cell swelling. Little is known about the cellular response to CrM. We investigated the effect of short-term CrM supplementation on global and targeted mRNA expression and protein content in human skeletal muscle. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blind design, 12 young, healthy, nonobese men were supplemented with either a placebo (PL) or CrM (loading phase, 20 g/day × 3 days; maintenance phase, 5 g/day × 7 days) for 10 days. Following a 28-day washout period, subjects were put on the alternate supplementation for 10 days. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained and were assessed for mRNA expression (cDNA microarrays + real-time PCR) and protein content (Kinetworks KPKS 1.0 Protein Kinase screen). CrM supplementation significantly increased fat-free mass, total body water, and body weight of the participants ( P < 0.05). Also, CrM supplementation significantly upregulated (1.3- to 5.0-fold) the mRNA content of genes and protein content of kinases involved in osmosensing and signal transduction, cytoskeleton remodeling, protein and glycogen synthesis regulation, satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA replication and repair, RNA transcription control, and cell survival. We are the first to report this large-scale gene expression in the skeletal muscle with short-term CrM supplementation, a response that suggests changes in cellular osmolarity.

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