scholarly journals Gonad development in females of fiddler crab Uca rapax (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) using macro and microscopic techniques

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela da Silva Castiglioni ◽  
Maria Lucia Negreiros-Fransozo ◽  
Laura S. López Greco ◽  
Aron F. Silveira ◽  
Sérgio O. Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
Macroscopic Classification

The morphology of the ovaries in Uca rapax (Smith, 1870) was described based on macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Females were collected in Itamambuca mangrove, Ubatuba, state of São Paulo, Brazil. In the laboratory, 18 females had their ovaries removed and prepared for histology. Each gonad developmental stage was previously determined based on external and macroscopic morphology and afterwards each stage was microscopically described. The ovaries of U. rapax showed a pronounced macroscopic differentiation in size and coloration with the maturation of the gonad, with six ovarian developmental stages: immature, rudimentary, developing, developed, advanced and spent. During the vitellogenesis, the amount of oocytes in secondary stage increases in the ovary, resulting in a change in coloration of the gonad. Oogonias, primary oocytes, secondary oocytes and follicular cells were histologically described and measured. In female’s ovaries of U. rapax the modifications observed in the oocytes during the process of gonad maturation are similar to descriptions of gonads of other females of brachyuran crustaceans. The similarities are specially found in the morphological changes in the reproductive cells, and also in the presence and arrange of follicle cells during the process of ovary maturation. When external morphological characteristics of the gonads were compared to histological descriptions, it was possible to observe modifications that characterize the process in different developmental stages throughout the ovarian cycle and, consequently, the macroscopic classification of gonad stages agree with the modifications of the reproductive cells.

Characteristics of the course of nephritis associated with Iga-vasculitis Henoch-Schoenlein in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
A. V. Sukalo ◽  
I. A. Kazyra
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pediatric Nephrology ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Iga Vasculitis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Treatment Regimens

INTRODUCTION. Among systemic vasopathies in children, IgA vasculitis Henoch Schoenlein (HS) is the most common, according to various authors, kidney damage is noted in 25-80 % and usually determines the prognosis of the disease.THE AIM of the study was to analyze clinical, laboratory, immunological, morphological characteristics, features of the course and treatment of nephritis associated with IgA vasculitis HS in children, as well as factors affecting the prognosis.PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study included 31 patients with morphologically verified nephritis due to IgA vasculitis HS (18 – boys, 13 – girls) aged 3 to 17 years, who were monitored at the Nephrology Department of the "2nd Children's City Clinical Hospital" of the National Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Renal Replacement therapy in Minsk from 2010 to 2019 yrs.The following parameters were analyzed: the clinical variant of kidney damage, laboratory tests (including the study of BAFF, RANTES lymphocyte activation molecules, pro-inflammatory IL1β, caspase1, TNFα, growth factors VEGF, TGF), 24 hours monitoring and office blood pressure measurements, ECHO cardiography with indicescalculation, ultrasound of the carotid arteries with the thickness of intima-media complex, morphological changes in the renal tissue, as well as treatment regimens.RESULTS. The contribution of deGal-IgA1, markers of T and B lymphocytes activation, pro-inflammatory and profibrotic molecules in the development of the disease is shown. Arterial hypertension was registered in 42 % of children, signs of heart remodeling according to the calculated indices in 19,3 %. Decrease level of adiponectin, vitamin D, leptin, increase concentration of obestatin, Pro-BNP, hs-CRP, and TSAT indicator classify patients with nephritis due to IgA vasculitis HS at moderate risk for the developmentof cardio-vascular disorders, which suggests the need for timely correction.CONCLUSION. In most cases, nephritis with IgA vasculitis HS has a benign course with rare relapses and progression to the end stage of chronic kidney disease (6,5 %).

scholarly journals Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease with Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Annular Disjunction: Clinical and Functional Significance of the Coincidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nina C. Wunderlich ◽  
Siew Yen Ho ◽  
Nir Flint ◽  
Robert J. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mitral Annulus ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Basal Portion

The morphological changes that occur in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) involve various components, ultimately leading to the impairment of mitral valve (MV) function. In this context, intrinsic mitral annular abnormalities are increasingly recognized, such as a mitral annular disjunction (MAD), a specific anatomical abnormality whereby there is a distinct separation between the mitral annulus and the left atrial wall and the basal portion of the posterolateral left ventricular myocardium. In recent years, several studies have suggested that MAD contributes to myxomatous degeneration of the mitral leaflets, and there is growing evidence that MAD is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In this review, the morphological characteristics of MAD and imaging tools for diagnosis will be described, and the clinical and functional aspects of the coincidence of MAD and myxomatous MVP will be discussed.

Characterization of isolated bovine preantral follicles based on morphology, diameter and cell number

Zygote ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Juliana I. Candelaria ◽  
Anna C. Denicol
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Secondary Stage

SummaryPreantral follicles are a potential reservoir of oocytes to be used in assisted reproductive technologies. With the increasing interest in developing techniques to grow preantral follicles in vitro, and as the bovine emerges as an appropriate model species to understand human folliculogenesis, the establishment of an accurate classification of developmental stages is needed. Classification of bovine preantral follicles has been mostly based on histological analysis and estimation models, which may not translate well to correctly characterize preantral follicles isolated from the ovary. In this study, we classified bovine preantral follicles by morphology upon isolation, determined diameter and number of granulosa cells by direct counting, and compared our results with previous studies reporting bovine preantral follicle classification. Follicles were isolated via homogenization of ovary tissue and classified into primary, early secondary and secondary stage based on morphology and number of layers of granulosa cells. Diameter was individually measured and Hoechst 33342 was used as a nuclear stain to count granulosa cells. We found that follicles classified by morphology into primary, early secondary, and secondary had different mean diameter and cell number (P < 0.01); cell number and diameter were positively correlated, as were cell density and cell number in each developmental stage (P < 0.01). Results obtained here were mostly in agreement with previous classifications based on histological sections and on isolated follicles, with some discrepancies. The present data add accuracy to classification of bovine preantral follicles that is critical to optimize culture conditions to produce developmentally competent oocytes.

Two actions of juvenile hormone on the follicle cells of Rhodnius prolixus Stål

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1187-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Abu-Hakima ◽  
K. G. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Intercellular Spaces

The follicular epithelium of vitellogenic oocytes from allatectomized females of Rhodnius fails to develop large intercellular spaces when exposed to juvenile hormone (JH) in vitro. This suggests that in the normal animal, the follicle cells require JH at two developmental stages. Differentiation of the cells in the presence of JH represents one requirement, and only those cells which have undergone this initial priming are fully competent to exhibit the second response, the development of intercellular spaces.

REACTION OF CD68-POSITIVE RAT LIVER AND SPLEEN CELLS ON SILICON INTAKE WITH DRINKING WATER

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Evgeniia A. Grigoreva ◽  
Valentina S. Gordova ◽  
Valentina E. Sergeeva ◽  
Alina T. Smorodchenko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Silicon Compound ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents data on the long-term effect (nine months) of a silicon compound supplied with drinking water – nonahydrate sodium metasilicate (10 mg/l in terms of silicon), on CD68-positive macrophages in the liver and spleen of laboratory rats. Changes in the morphological characteristics of this cell population were found. There was a decrease in the average cell area (in the liver of the control group of rats, the average macrophage area was 179.23±5.94 microns2, and in the group receiving silicon with drinking water – 117.04±3.35 microns2; in the spleen-136.02±3.93 microns2 and 103.44±2.8 microns2, respectively). Macrophages in the liver preparations of the experimental group of rats had a fewer processes and a darker cytoplasmic membrane. The number of macrophages in the liver per unit area was comparable, for the control group of rats it was 18.78±1.24, and for the rats that received with water with the addition of silicon – 19.41±0.75 cells. CD68+ macrophages of the red splenic pulp in laboratory rats that received silicon also underwent the following morphological changes: they were located in a denser way and had fewer processes, while the number of macrophages per unit area was 73.7±2.3 for the control group, 91.6±5.0-for the experimental group, respectively. The distance between them did not change. There was a change in the intensity of CD68 expression on the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and in the cytoplasm of liver and spleen macrophages. These changes can be interpreted as the adaptive ability of liver and spleen macrophages to silicon introduced with drinking water. Given the heterogeneity of the macrophage population in the liver and spleen, further studies using markers for different subpopulations of macrophages are needed to clarify their role in the response of tissues to silicon supplied with drinking water.

Morphology and morphometry of preantral follicles, and immunolocalization of angiogenic factors in ovarian tissue from the neotropical primateSapajus apella

Zygote ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-429
Author(s):  
AB Brito ◽  
DCC Brito ◽  
W B Silva ◽  
APR Rodrigues ◽  
JR Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry

SummaryOvarian biopsies from five health adult monkeys were collected by exploratory laparotomy. Preantral follicles (primordial, primary, and secondary) were classified as normal or degenerated and submitted to morphometric analysis in which granulosa cell counts and the areas of follicles, oocytes, and oocyte nuclei were measured. Ovarian fragments were also immunolabelled for the quantitative analysis of VEGFA and CD31 protein expression in the ovarian tissue and in the preantral follicles. In total, 213 preantral follicles was examined for morphometry and morphological classification. From this total, 20 (9.4%) were follicles enclosing two or more oocytes, i.e. multi-oocyte follicles (MOFs). From the 193 follicles enclosing only one oocyte, 46.3% were classified as primordial, 24,1% as transition, 23.3% as primary, and 6.3% as secondary follicles. The mean number of granulosa cells surrounding primordial, transition, primary, and secondary follicles was 9.2, 12.1, 18.7, and 45.3, respectively. Increase in oocyte diameter was observed from primary to secondary follicles, while the oocyte nucleus increased only when follicles reached the secondary stage. The expression of CD31 was strong in vessels, corpus luteum, and in normal oocytes and granulosa cells from preantral follicles at all developmental stages. Likewise, VEGFA expression was observed in vessels and preantral follicles (granulosa cells, the oocyte and the oocyte nucleus). We characterized the morphology, and morphometry and expression of angiogenic factors in normal and atretic preantral follicles fromSapajus apella. This description can support the analysis of follicular quality and survival after procedures such as transplantation and cryopreservation.

scholarly journals The Influence of Salt Solution on Morphological Changes in a Geosynthetic Clay Liner

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Arief Budihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Geosynthetic Clay Liner ◽  
Clay Liner ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Crystal Deposit

Morphological variations of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) samples, hydrated with two different permeates, distilled water and NaCl solution (100 mM concentration), were observed in detail using microscopic analysis. After the GCL samples were hydrated with the NaCl solution, they were observed with an optical microscope. While the surface of the treated GCL samples was similar to the surface of the untreated GCL, a crystal deposit was found on the surface of the treated samples. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a more solid appearance was observed for the bentonite particles contained in the GCL after the sample was hydrated with distilled water in comparison to the GCL sample that was hydrated with the NaCl solution. It appears that salt solution hydration results in less swelling of the bentonite particles. Furthermore, the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) results showed that distilled water hydration had no effect on the distribution of the elements contained in the GCL samples. However, bound chlorine was observed, which demonstrated that the bentonite particles had absorbed the NaCl solution. In addition, changes in the hydraulic conductivity of the hydrated GCL samples were also observed.

scholarly journals Histo-morphology of cutaneous papillomatosis in indigenous cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ayman ◽  
S. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Eosin Y ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Internal Core ◽  
Perineal Region

Background: Papillomatosis is a viral disease manifested with benign cutaneous growths (skin epithelium hyperplasia) in different body parts which is encountered in cattle, goat, dog, rabbit, horse, rodent and also in human. The purpose of the present study is to detect the histo-morphological changes of cutaneous papillomatosis in indigenous cattle. Methods: Ten (10) random samples from skin lesions of warts were collected from adult indigenous cattle (10 cattle) that were diagnosed as cutaneous papillomatosis by clinical examination at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. For gross observations, location of appearance of warts, color and size was taken into consideration. Immediately after collection of sample, they were preserved in Bouin’s fluid followed by dehydration, clearing and infiltration and finally embedded by paraffin wax. Then samples were sectioned using rotatory microtome and stained with Harris’s Haematoxylin and Eosin Y to facilitate microscopic study. Results: The results of present study revealed that cutaneous papillomas were mostly located on the head and neck, around eyes, under the chin and perineal region in indigenous cattle. Grossly, warts in cattle are bumpy or cauliflower-like masses of various sizes and numbers that projected from the skin having grey, rough, scaly, and dry surface. When incised, its cut surface has an external layer- keratinized epithelium and an internal core- moist white connective tissue. Histopathological changes indicate hyperplastic features of the affected skin layers of epidermis. Further, the microscopic analysis also revealed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and down word hyperplasia, fibrovascular area, keratohyalin granules and koilocytes at different layers of the affected skin. Conclusion: The results of this present study might be useful for the classification and treatment of this common malady based on its histological changes.

scholarly journals A taxonomic review of the family Trachipteridae (Acanthomorpha: Lampridiformes), with an emphasis on taxa distributed in the western Pacific Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5039 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-351
Author(s):  
JENNIFER M. MARTIN ◽  
ERIC J. HILTON
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Western Pacific Ocean ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Western Pacific

The family Trachipteridae—the Ribbonfishes, Dealfishes, and their relatives—has a circumglobal distribution, with at least 10 species in three genera (Zu Walters & Fitch 1960, Desmodema Walters & Fitch 1960, and Trachipterus Goüan 1770) that are characterized by elongate, extremely laterally compressed bodies, large eyes, absence of ribs, spines on lateral-line scales, greatly protrusible mouths, and a lack of pelvic fins in adults. They are also known for the drastic morphological changes that occur during ontogeny. Trachipterids are poorly represented in collections due to the fragile nature of their bodies. Most studies of the Trachipteridae have been limited by the numbers, developmental stages, and the completeness of the specimens that were examined. Along with the lack of available material, incomplete and conflicting character information compounds the taxonomic confusion of Trachipteridae. Despite the body of regional revisions that have examined trachipterid taxonomy, none have synthesized a suite of morphological characters across ontogeny. The goals of this paper are to (1) revise the family Trachipteridae, (2) revise the genera Trachipterus, Zu, and Desmodema, including information regarding ontogeny and biogeography, and 3) address the alpha taxonomy of Zu, Desmodema, and Trachipterus from the western Pacific Ocean. We recognize possibly five species of Trachipterus as being present in the western Pacific, as well as two species of both Zu and Desmodema. Despite additions to the specimen base that allows refinement of taxonomy and diagnoses, there are still large knowledge gaps associated with the taxonomic review of Trachipteridae. These reflect incomplete understanding of geographic distribution of taxa which may mask unrecognized taxonomic variability. The genus Trachipterus specifically remains problematic and will require greater detailed global study. Early life history stages remain unknown for several taxa which hinders full interpretation of ontogenetic transitions. Protracted transitions, some of which are clarified here, further confuse stage-based diagnoses and must be considered in future analyses of this family.  

Sex, Gonad Development and Seasonal Gonad Changes in Paphia staminea Conrad

1943 ◽  
Vol 6b (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Quayle
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Spawning Cycle ◽  
Sex Cells

In the little-neck clam, Paphia staminea, as occurring in British Columbia waters, the first sign of the gonad was found in individuals slightly over 1 mm. in length. Sex differentiation occurs at lengths of 15 to 30 mm. or in 2nd or 3rd year. Maturity is achieved at 22 to 35 mm. P. staminea is not protandric. Seasonal gonad changes are: by end of October all active spawning over; by December to January tubules of ovary filled with follicle cells; active growth of sex cells reaches peak in March; first spawning in April and by September most clams spawned out. Male spawning cycle parallels that of female, with certain time lag apparent. Some males may remain in spawned-out state during most of winter.

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