Growth, nutrition and yield of eggplant as affected by doses of cattle manure and magnesium thermophosphate plus cow urine

The stem growth, nutrition, and fruit yield of eggplant grown with different doses of cattle manure (CM) and magnesium thermophosphate (MT) were studied, according to the Central Composite Matrix of Box (8.3-518; 8.3-3,018; 48.3-518; 48.3-3,018; 0.0-1,768; 56.6-1,768; 28.3-0.0; 28.3-3,536; 28.3-1,768). Potassium sulfate (KS) was also used (24 g plant-1), as well as a cow urine (COU) solution (10 L 100 L-1 H2O, 500 mL plant-1), applied five times in topdressing. Two additional treatments were used: MT without COU and triple superphosphate + urea (TS plus Ur), both with nutrient levels (CM, P2O5, and KS) corresponding to the combination 28.3-1,768. The experimental design was blocks at random, with three replications. CM doses improved plant height (PH) (29.1 t ha-1 of CM; 69.84 cm) and stem diameter (37.8 t ha-1; 19.8 mm), fitting into a quadratic model. However, due to the positive interaction between CM and MT, PH increased up to 86.87 cm when the same CM dose was combined with 3,536 kg ha-1 of MT. CM doses had also a quadratic effect over number of fruits, fruit production per plant, average fruit weight (AFW), and yield, with respective maximum values corresponding to 53.4 t ha-1 (13 fruit), 55.8 t ha-1 (2,822 g plant-1), 47.8 t ha-1 (210 g fruit-1), and 48.8 t ha-1 (34.3 t ha-1), without significant effects of MT. N and P foliar contents did not change with treatments. CM doses increased K, Ca, and S, and decreased Mg foliar contents. But, concerning Ca, was observed negative interaction of MT. COU showed no effect over the characteristics analyzed. The effect of TS + Ur was larger than that of MT + COU on PH and production indexes, except for AFW, but did not differ from them as to macronutrient foliar contents.

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Eggplant growth as affected by bovine manure and magnesium thermophosphate rates

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162008000100011 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 77-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marinice Oliveira Cardoso ◽

Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽

Ademar Pereira de Oliveira ◽

Adailson Pereira de Souza

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Quadratic Function ◽

Potassium Sulfate ◽

Linear Functions ◽

Quadratic Functions ◽

Positive Interaction ◽

Relative Growth ◽

High K ◽

Cow Urine

Plant growth is influenced by nutrient availability. The objective of this research was to study, under greenhouse conditions, eggplant growth as affected by rates of bovine manure and magnesium thermophosphate (g kg-1 and mg kg-1, respectively), according to a "Box central composite" matrix: 4.15-259; 4.15-1509; 24.15-259; 24.15-1509; 0.0-884; 28.3-884; 14.15-0,0; 14.15-1768; 14.15-884. Potassium sulfate (170 mg kg-1) and 200 mL per pot of cow urine solution were applied four times, but the concentration of the last two applications (200 mL/H2O L) was twice of that of the first two. Additional treatments: magnesium thermophosphate without cow urine and triple superphosphate with urea, both with nutrient levels equivalent to the bovine manure, P2O5 and potassium sulfate to the combination 14.15-884. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replicates. Leaf area (LA) and LA ratio increased as quadratic functions with manure rates, with negative interaction for thermophosphate. Leaf dry matter mass (DMM) had an increasing quadratic function with rates for both fertilizers. The higher combined rates of both fertilizers resulted in the smallest specific leaf area, but also the highest values of shoot and root DMM, total DMM and, with positive interaction in relation to root shoot dry matter ratio. The relative growth rate in stem height, and also in diameter, increased with manure, according to quadratic and linear functions, respectively. The cow urine effect was, in general, lower than that of urea. The plant's overall growth was more influenced by manure. Root DMM and shoot DMM were greater with high K and P.

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Morphological and Biochemical Diversity in Fruits of Unsprayed Rosa canina and Rosa dumalis Ecotypes Found in Different Agroecological Conditions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13148060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 8060

Author(s):

Mehmet Ramazan Bozhuyuk ◽

Sezai Ercisli ◽

Neva Karatas ◽

Halina Ekiert ◽

Hosam O. Elansary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Soluble Solid Content ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Important Species ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Rosa Canina

The Rosa is one of the most diverse genera in the plant kingdom and, in particular, its fruits have been used for multiple purposes in different parts of the world for centuries. Within the genus, Rosa canina and Rosa dumalis are, economically, the most important species and dominate Rosa fruit production. In this study, some important fruit and shrub traits of ten Rosa canina and ten Rosa dumalis ecotypes collected from rural areas of Kars province, located in the east Anatolia region of Turkey were investigated. We found significant differences among ecotypes in most of the morphological and biochemical traits. The ecotypes were found between 1446–2210 m altitude. Fruit weight and fruit flesh ratio ranged from 2.95 g to 4.72 g and 62.55% to 74.42%, respectively. SSC (Soluble Solid Content), Vitamin C, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total carotenoid, and total anthocyanin content of the ecotypes ranged from 16.9–22.7%, 430–690 mg per 100 g FW (fresh weight), 390–532 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g FW, 0.88–2.04 mg per g FW, 6.83–15.17 mg per g FW and 3.62–7.81 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per kg, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined to be between 19.7–34.7 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g fresh weight. Rosa ecotypes contained chlorogenic acid and rutin the most as phenolic compound. Our results indicated great diversity within both R. canina and R. dumalis fruits.

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Kinetics and Equilibrium of Radioactive Metal Adsorption onto Sugarcane Bagasse Waste: Comparison of Batch and Column Adsorption Modes

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2019-1418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 235 (3) ◽

pp. 281-294

Author(s):

Abida Kausar ◽

Haq Nawaz Bhatti ◽

Munawar Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Breakthrough Curves ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Bed Height ◽

Column Adsorption ◽

Central Composite ◽

Bagasse Waste

Abstract Sugarcane bagasse waste biomass (SBWB) efficacy for the adsorption of Zr(IV) was investigated in batch and column modes. The process variables i.e. pH 1–4 (A), adsorbent dosage 0.0–0.3 g (B), and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration 25–200 mg/L (C) were studied. The experiments were run under central composite design (CCD) and data was analysed by response surface methodology (RSM) methodology. The factor A, B, C, AB interaction and square factor A2, C2 affected the Zr(IV) ions adsorption onto SBWB. The quadratic model fitted well to the adsorption data with high R2 values. The effect of bed height, flow rate and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration was also studied for column mode adsorption and efficiency was evaluated by breakthrough curves as well as Bed Depth Service and Thomas models. Bed height and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration enhanced the adsorption of capacity of Zr(IV) ions, whereas flow rate reduced the column efficiency.

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Optimization of Supercritical Extraction Conditions of Senna Alata and Evaluation of Biological Activity

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11.15937 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.11) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Istikamah Subuki ◽

Aiman Nabilah Abdul Malek ◽

Saidatul Husni Saidin ◽

Mazura Md. Pisar

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Backward Elimination ◽

Total Flavonoids Content ◽

Senna Alata ◽

Central Composite ◽

Experimental Runs

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) offer faster extraction process, decreased solvent usage and more selectivity on desired compounds. In this present study, the influence of pressure (100, 200 and 300 bar) and temperature (40, 50 and 60˚C) on the Senna alata crude yield were investigated with fixed supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) at the flow rate of 35 g/min. The parameters were optimised and modelled using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) experimental design consists of 13 experimental runs with 5 replicates at the central points. Well-fitting quadratic model were successfully established for crude extract through backward elimination. The optimum crude extract yield pointed out by RSM was at the pressure of 300 bar and temperature 40˚C respectively. Extraction yields based on SC-CO2 varied in the range of 0.28 to 3.62%. The highest hyaluronidase inhibition activity and total flavonoids content obtained by S.alata crude extracts were 41.19% and 52.53% w/w, respectively. SC-CO2 proves to have great potential for extraction of yield, hyaluronidase inhibition activity and total flavonoids content for S.alata.

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Precision management of pollination services to blueberry crops

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-00068-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P. Cavigliasso ◽

P. Negri ◽

M. Viel ◽

M. M. Graziani ◽

C. Challiol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Key Management ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Strength Distribution ◽

Pollination Services ◽

Precision Management ◽

Fruit Productivity ◽

Account Due ◽

Pollination Systems ◽

Large Groups

AbstractWhile the cultivated area of pollinator-dependent crops is increasing, pollinator availability is decreasing, leading to problems in many agroecosystems. For this reason, pollinator-dependent crop growers often rent beehives to support their pollination requirements to sustain fruit productivity. However, the efficiency of those pollination systems has not been extensively studied. Here, we compared the effect of “precision” pollination (i.e., application of pesticides coordinated with growers, audit of hives, dietary supplementation and individual distribution of hives) with conventional practices (i.e., pesticides applications without coordination with growers and no audit of hives, low maintenance of hives and hives distributed in large groups) on the mean level of pollination and fruit production and quality in blueberry crops. In nine blueberry fields, we measured bee visitation rate to flowers, fruit set, fruit firmness and fruit weight. On average, precision-pollinated plots had 70% more bee visits to flowers and produced 13% more fruits that were 12% heavier and 12% firmer than those obtained through conventional practices. These results showed that pollination efficiency could be improved if key management related to bee strength, distribution and health care are taken into account. Due to these results, we encourage growers and beekeepers to include precision pollination practices to both increase the productivity of blueberry fields and the wellbeing of honey bees within agroecosystems.

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Pengaruh Magnesium, Boron, dan Pupuk Hayati terhadap Produktivitas Cabai serta Serangan Hama dan Penyakit (Effect of Magnesium, Boron, and Biofertilizers on Chili Pepper Productivity and Impact of Pests and Diseases)

Jurnal Hortikultura ◽

10.21082/jhort.v30n1.2020.p65-74 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Wiwin Setiawati ◽

Ahsol Hasyim ◽

Bagus Kukuh Udiarto ◽

Abdi Hudayya

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Positive Interaction ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

The Impact

Penggunaan pupuk hayati dan unsur hara makro sekunder seperti magnesium (Mg) dan hara mikro boron (B) diketahui dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan, kualitas hasil tanaman, meningkatkan unsur hara dalam tanah serta mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit. Selain itu penggunaan pupuk tersebut dapat mengurangi kebutuhan terhadap pupuk kimia sintetis. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi Mg, B, dan kombinasinya dengan pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen serta penekanan serangan hama dan penyakit. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang, Jawa Barat (1.250 m dpl.) dari bulan Juni 2018 sampai bulan Februari 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri atas delapan perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah aplikasi Mg, B, dan kombinasi dengan pupuk hayati serta teknologi konvensional sebagai pembanding. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman dan luas kanopi), komponen hasil dan hasil serta serangan hama dan penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman cabai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi Mg, B, dan pupuk hayati yang diaplikasikan sebanyak dua kali pada umur 30 HST dan 45 HST mampu meningkatkan produktivitas cabai sebesar 21,68 ton/ha atau meningkat sebesar 54,53% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Peningkatan produktivitas cabai terjadi karena adanya perbaikan dalam komponen hasil seperti jumlah bunga, jumlah buah, panjang, dan bobot buah serta adanya penekanan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit seperti trips, antraknosa, lalat buah, dan penggerek buah sebesar 18,10% sampai 23,93%.KeywordsCapsicum annuum; Unsur hara makro; Pupuk hayati; Produktivitas; Organisme pengganggu tumbuhanAbstractThe use of biofertilizer and macro and micro nutrients enhanced the growth and development, yield quality of vegetable crops as well as nutrient status of soil to a greater extent and to increased on pests and diseases resistance. Organic sources of nutrients including biofertilizers also economize the use of chemical fertilizers. The objectives of this study were to determine the best combination of Mg, B, and biofertilizer that increase the growth and yield of chili pepper and the impact to pest and diseases on chili pepper. The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang, West Java from June 2018 to February 2019. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments and four replicated. The treatments were Mg, B, and their combinations with biofertilizer compared to the conventional technologies as a control. The observations were carried out on the growth parameters (plant height and leaf canopy), yield components, pest and diseases of chili pepper. The results showed that the combinations of Mg, B, and biofertilizer increased the yield of chili up to 21.68 ton/ha or positive interaction beside beneficial agent with Mg, B, and biofertilizer package on 54.53%. Increased productivity of chili occurs because of improvements in yield components such as the number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit length and fruit weight and reduction of pest and disease attacks such as thrips, anthracnose, fruit flies and, fruit borers by 18.10% to 23.93%.

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Influence of vineyard peach selections on vigour and initial yield in peach and nectarine

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1301011z ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 11-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gordan Zec ◽

Milica Fotiric-Aksic ◽

Slavica Colic ◽

Todor Vulic ◽

Dragan Nikolic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Open Pollination ◽

Fruit Productivity ◽

F1 Generation

Seedlings (progenies) of eight selected vineyard peach genotypes obtained by self and open pollination were examined in this study during three consecutive years. Two progenies from unselected vineyard peach genotypes with different geographic origin were used as a standard. Peach cv. Autumn Glo and nectarine cv. Stark Red Gold were grafted on F1 generation of eight vineyard peach selections and two standard progenies. Analysis of variance indicated statistically significant differences in vigour and fruit productivity between fruit trees grafted on different progenies of vineyard peach selections. A high correlation was found between rootstock vigour and fruit production of grafted cultivars. In addition, the principal component analysis made it possible to establish similar groups of rootstocks, depending on its influence to vigour, productivity and indexes of efficiency of grafted peach and nectarine cultivar. The most promising rootstocks for those two cultivars were PSK and 7S because grafted AG and SRG have high fruit weight, initial yields and very satisfactory rootstock, scion and canopy efficiency.

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STUDIES ON THE VARIABILITY OF THE PRODUCTIVITY COMPONENTS IN A COLLECTION OF HOT PEPPER LANDRACES (CAPSICUM ANUUM VAR. MICROCARPUM)

Current Trends in Natural Sciences ◽

10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 201-208

Author(s):

Emilian Madoşă ◽

Lavinia Sasu ◽

Sorin Ciulca ◽

Constantin Avădanei ◽

Adriana Ciulca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Plant Production ◽

Average Weight ◽

Hot Pepper ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Hot Peppers ◽

Biometric Measurements ◽

Western Romania

The aim of the research was to evaluate the variability value of the main characters that contribute to the achievement of plant production to a collection of hot pepper genotypes. The biological material was composed of 17 landraces of hot peppers collected from western Romania. The study was conducted for two years, with biometric measurements on the morphological characteristics of fruit production on the plant. Intra-population variability was assessed (mean, standard deviation of mean and coefficient of variability) and differences between populations for these characters. The results show that the variability within the collection is high. Within populations, fruit sizes (length, diameter) are uniform, but the number of fruits and their weight per plant show greater variability. Within the collection, variations in morphological characteristics are large, especially for fruit length, fruit weight, number and weight of fruit per plant. Among the landraces studied, some may be recommended for breeding programs, as parents or as material for the application of selection: for long fruits (Juliţa, Aldeşti I and Satchinez I), for short fruits (Satchinez III), but also the landraces Rieni III (17.07 g average weight of the fruit), Temerești II (89.82 fruits per plant), Aldești I (931.17 g fruits per plant).

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OPTIMIZATION OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM POULTRY MANURE WASTEWATER IN 250 ML FLASKS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v75.3981 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Choo Wei Chun ◽

Nina Farhana Mohd Jamaludin ◽

Norazwina Zainol

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Production Condition ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Production Performance ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Biogas Yield ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Central Composite

A research was conducted on anaerobic digestion from poultry manure wastewater to produce biogas. This research was considered as a triumph to the concept of waste-to-wealth. The poultry manure collected was characterized and pre-treated to remove excessive ammonia-N which caused inhibition to the biogas production. Central Composite Design (CCD) with five replicates at centre points was used to investigate the simultaneous effect of the variables: agitation (110-130 rpm) and reaction time (2-4 days) on the biogas production. Then, the experiment was designed and analyzed using Design Expert V7.0 software by applying response surface methodology (RSM) concept.The biogas production performance was evaluated on the basis of biogas yield from initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and was found ranged from 0.49 to 4.37 mL/g COD. Quadratic model was well fitted (R-squared>0.80) with a confidence level higher than 95 %. The optimum biogas production condition was at agitation: 120 rpm and reaction time: 3.3 days. Under this condition, 4.45 mL/g COD of biogas yield was obtained. This counted for 5.82% error from predicted values.

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Optimization of Bi2O3, TiO2, and Sb2O3Doped ZnO-Based Low-Voltage Varistor Ceramic to Maximize Nonlinear Electrical Properties

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/741034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Masoumeh Dorraj ◽

Azmi Zakaria ◽

Yadollah Abdollahi ◽

Mansor Hashim ◽

Seyedehmaryam Moosavi

Keyword(s):

Low Voltage ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Spinel Type ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Milling Method ◽

Level 3 ◽

Central Composite ◽

Good Agreement

In ZnO-based low voltage varistor, the two essential features of microstructure determining its nonlinear response are the formation Bi-enriched active grain boundaries as well as a controlled ZnO grain size by secondary spinel-type phases. Besides, the microstructure and phase composition are strongly affected by the dopant concentration during sintering process. In this study, the optimal dopant levels of Bi2O3, TiO2, and Sb2O3to achieve maximized nonlinear electrical property (alpha) were quantified by the response surface methodology (RSM). RSM was also used to understand the significance and interaction of the factors affecting the response. Variables were determined as the molar ratio of Bi2O3, TiO2, and Sb2O3. The alpha was chosen as response in the study. The 5-level-3-factor central composite design, with 20 runs, was used to conduct the experiments by ball milling method. A quadratic model was established as a functional relationship between three independent variables and alpha. According to the results, the optimum values of Bi2O3, TiO2, and Sb2O3were obtained 0.52, 0.50, and 0.30, respectively. Under optimal conditions the predicted alpha (9.47) was calculated using optimal coded values from the model and the theoretical value is in good agreement with the value (9.43) obtained by confirmation experiment.

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