Morphologic characterization of spiked pepper's germplasm

Spiked pepper is a plant species with properties that allow the development of natural agrochemicals and medicines, showing large potential of use by humanity. With aim to ascertain the phenotypical variability, 41 parentals were analyzed, sampled in the States of Pará and Amazonas. Principal Component analysis and Jolliffe's criterion were utilized for discarding of variables, subsidized by the Pearson's Correlation. It took seven components to explain 80% of the variation. The essential oil yield and number of leaves per branch were suggested to be discarded because they are the characteristics that have contributed least to the total variance. The 3D scatter diagram constituted a relatively homogeneous and continuous clustering, identifing a divergent pair: PA-020 (Marabá-PA) and PA-035 (Santa Isabel-PA). The analyzed traits have variability potentially able to discriminate the parentals, whereas 83.3% of such traits can be used for this purpose. The divergent genotypes identified on 3D scatter diagram analysis can be used in breeding programs for the development of superior genotypes. A comparison with preexisting molecular data of some genotypes permited to conclude that there was one certain agreement degree between morphological and molecular characterizations and that molecular characterization presented higher discriminatory power, using a smaller number of genotypes, identifying dissimilar genotypes and clusters, although analyzed by different multivariate statistic methods.

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Genetic diversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding collection in Serbia

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1901001s ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aleksandra Savic ◽

Milka Brdar-Jokanovic ◽

Miodrag Dimitrijevic ◽

Sofija Petrovic ◽

Milan Zdravkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Novi Sad

The characterization of 41 common bean cultivars and landraces from breeding collection of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia, was done based on phenotypic traits and microsatellite markers. Phenotypic traits were chosen from Bioversity International descriptor list. In addition, main yield components were investigated. Analysis of phaseolin type revealed affiliation of cultivars and landraces to Mesoamerican or Andean gene pool. Cultivars and landraces demonstrated significant diversity level with regard to studied phenotypic traits. Identified variation showed high potential for developing new cultivars with desirable combination of traits. Principal component analysis based on phenotypic traits separated bean cultivars and landraces in two groups, which corresponded to Mesoamerican and Andean determined according to phaseolin type. Putative hybrids, with combination of traits between gene pools were also identified. Analysis of microsatellite data, using twenty-two SSR primer pairs, showed medium gene diversity in studied material. Microsatellite-based cluster analysis separated genotypes in two discrete clusters and several subclusters. No clear separation according to gene pool was found between the clusters, however grouping according to gene pool and patterns of phenotypic variation, following these gene pools, were observed within subclusters. Knowledge on detailed relationships of cultivars and landraces based on phenotypic and molecular data would facilitate identification of candidates for future breeding.

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Ancient Danish Apple Cultivars—A Comprehensive Metabolite and Sensory Profiling of Apple Juices

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo9070139 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 139 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nunzia Iaccarino ◽

Camilla Varming ◽

Mikael Agerlin Petersen ◽

Nanna Viereck ◽

Birk Schütz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sugar Content ◽

Screening Method ◽

Principal Component ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Aroma Components ◽

Different Levels ◽

Comprehensive Characterization

In recent decades, intensive selective breeding programs have allowed the development of disease-resistant and flavorsome apple cultivars while leading to a gradual decline of a large number of ancient varieties in many countries. However, the re-evaluation of such cultivars could lead to the production new apple-based products with health beneficial properties and/or unique flavor qualities. Herein, we report the comprehensive characterization of juices obtained from 86 old, mostly Danish, apple cultivars, by employing traditional analysis (ion chromatography, °Brix, headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and panel test evaluation) as well as an innovative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based screening method developed by Bruker for fruit juices, known as Spin Generated Fingerprint (SGF) Profiling™. Principal component analysis showed large differences in aroma components and sensory characteristics, including odd peculiar odors and flavors such as apricot and peach, and very different levels of phenolic compounds, acids and sugars among the analyzed juices. Moreover, we observed a tendency for late-season juices to be characterized by higher °Brix values, sugar content and they were perceived to be sweeter and more flavor intense than early-season juices. Our findings are useful for the production of specialty vintage-cultivar apple juices or mixed juices to obtain final products that are characterized both by healthy properties and peculiar sensory attributes.

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Morpho-phenological characterization of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm grown in northern zones of Punjab, Pakistan

The Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.21162/pakjas/21.91 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (04) ◽

pp. 1223-1236

Author(s):

Muhammad Tahir Akram

Keyword(s):

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Principal Component ◽

Bunch Length ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Early Maturing ◽

The Difference ◽

Peduncle Length ◽

International Plant

This endeavor includes thirty grapes’ genotypes grown in northern zones of Punjab, Pakistan to determine similarities and dissimilarities in forty-four morphological traits according to the descriptor “International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI)”. The relation between the genotypes was determined by principal component analysis (PCA), and similarity was worked out by using cluster analysis. The dendrogram divided the genotypes into two main groups with classes and subclasses. The variation present within the class was up to 81.72% while the difference between classes was 18.28%. The morphological quantitative traits such as bunch length, bunch width, bunch weight, peduncle length, the weight of 10 berries, number of berry in a bunch, berry length, and berry width were in the following range 27.50-11 cm, 13.75-5 cm, 583.56-77.70 g, 6.50-1.55 cm, 53.70-9.70 g, 354-28, 27.37-11.40 mm and 18.06-10.41 mm respectively, which indicated a wide level of diversity in the selected genotypes. Based on phenological attributes, “Regina”, “Perlet”, and “Early White” were found early maturing genotypes to prevent berry rotting due to monsoon rains at the final stage of ripening. The data generated in this study would be helpful to preserve the existing germplasm and be available for designing future breeding programs.

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Characterization of olive germplasm by chemical oil components and morphological descriptors in Basilicata region (Italy)

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262112000147 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 145-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V. Alba ◽

V. Bisignano ◽

A. Rotundo ◽

G. B. Polignano ◽

E. Alba

Keyword(s):

A Priori ◽

Principal Component ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Cultivar Group ◽

Olive Cultivars ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Coefficients Of Variations ◽

Oil Components

In this paper, we describe variations among autochthonous olive cultivars from five different areas in Basilicata (Southern Italy) classified according to 33 chemical oil components and morphological traits. While all examined descriptors show no significant differences among cultivars, means and coefficients of variations have been highlighted. Principal component analysis has then been used to reduce the number of descriptors. Cultivars have been classified by cluster analysis into three groups. Following a discussion of cultivar group similarities, results suggest that an ‘a priori’ classification of cultivars according to growing area does not strictly correspond to phenotypic grouping. From the spatial distribution of cultivars, however, it has been possible to identify ‘superior’ genotypes in terms of olive oil composition.

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GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG Passiflora cristalina Vanderpl & Zappi. GENOTYPES BASED ON FLOWER AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452016491 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GREICIELE FARIAS DA SILVEIRA ◽

ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI ◽

TATIANE LEMOS VARELLA ◽

MAURECILNE LEMES DA SILVA CARVALHO ◽

CAROLINA JOANA DA SILVA

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Cluster Methods

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among Passiflora cristalina genotypes and quantify the relative contribution of 30 flower and fruit characteristics, seeking to support the preservation and characterization of genetic resources of the species for preservation and use in future breeding programs. We evaluated 150 fruit and 150 flowers collected in 15 genotypes with naturally occurring in the municipality of Alta Floresta, MT. The characterization of genotypes was performed through 30 morphological characteristics of flowers and fruits, 21 of these for flower and 9 for fruit. Data were evaluated using the principal components and cluster methods obtained by UPGMA method from the similarity matrix (Euclidian mean distance), using the Genes software. By principal component analysis, it has been found that the first three components have absorbed 52.11% of the accumulated variation. The characteristics that most contributed to the discrimination of genotypes were fresh fruit weight, stigma length, length of corona filaments, fruit width, petal width and pulp weight, which are more responsive for the selection of P.cristalina genotypes. Smaller contributions to diversity were obtained from anther width, bract width and fruit length. The smallest contributions for diversity were obtained from the following characteristics: anther width, bract width and fruit length. Through UPGMA clustering method, it was found that there is a large genetic divergence among genotypes analyzed because all genotypes were grouped with over 50% of dissimilarity. This study identified genotypes 4, 5 and 9 as the most divergent and therefore the most suitable for breeding in future breeding programs and genetic conservation of the species.

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Morphological Characterization of Southern Jalisco, Mexico, Pomegranate Genotypes Using AFLP Markers

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1449

Author(s):

Ernesto Tapia-Campos ◽

Jessica del Pilar del Pilar Ramírez-Anaya ◽

Adriana Cavazos-Garduño ◽

Julio C. Serrano-Niño ◽

Javier Cuauhtémoc Fragoso-Jiménez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Aflp Markers ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Polar Diameter ◽

Nutraceutical Properties

Pomegranate is gaining popularity because of its proved nutraceutical properties and is highly adaptable to different climates. In southern Jalisco, Mexico, 18 genotypes were characterized on the basis of fruit characteristics (21 traits) and AFLP (Amplified Fragment length polymorphism) markers. The first three components of a principal components analysis (PCA) explained 71.5% of the variation. The most important variables were related to fruit size and weight. Fruit weight, equatorial diameter, polar diameter, and rind and membrane weight were the variables that most contributed to principal component one (PC1) 46.4%. The variables juice per fruit, edible proportion, proportion of rind and membrane, and seed length contributed most to principal component two (PC2) 15.2%, while juice pH, weight of one seed, and aril width contributed the most to principal component three (PC3) 9.9%. With the six combinations of AFLP primers, 315 fragments were obtained (an average of 52.5 fragments per primer); of these, 229 were polymorphic (72.7% polymorphism). Grouping by both morphological traits and AFLP markers separated all the evaluated individuals so that there were no repeated genotypes. In both analyses, the grouping did not obey geographic origin of the genotypes (r = −0.35), suggesting that both techniques were useful and complementary in the characterization of pomegranate genotypes. The commercial cultivars Wonderful and Apaseo had low levels of similarity to genotypes from southern Jalisco. The level of polymorphism found and compared with the results obtained by other authors suggests that the pomegranate genotypes evaluated are highly polymorphic. We found broad genetic diversity that can be used in breeding programs.

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Genetic Characterization of Tunisian Lime Genotypes Using Pomological Traits

Journal of Horticultural Research ◽

10.2478/johr-2020-0004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 65-76

Author(s):

Olfa Saddoud Debbabi ◽

Selma Ben Abdelaali ◽

Rym Bouhlal ◽

Sabrine Zneidi ◽

Nasr Ben Abdelaali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Traits ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

On Farm

AbstractCitrus genus includes a wide number of species that have been long cultivated and well adapted in Tunisia. It is represented by small number of plantations and considered as underutilized in Tunisia. Our goal was to genetically characterize Tunisian lime genotypes to obtain data useful for gene conservation and breeding purposes. The survey of genotypes was conducted in the Cap Bon region, where citrus cultivation is the most spread. Sixteen quantitative and 19 qualitative parameters were evaluated. The observed accessions belonged to three different species: Citrus limetta, Citrus latifolia (limes Byrsa), and Citrus limettioides (limes of Palestine) according to Tanaka classification. Principal component analysis confirmed these classifications. Four-cell analysis (FCA) was used to determine the most threatened genotypes. Quantitative traits were evaluated and allowed the discrimination between genotypes. Many quantitative traits of fruit and juice were highly positively and significantly correlated. Phenotypic diversity was determined using Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’). The highest value of diversity index was observed for both vesicle thickness and thickness of segment walls (H’ = 0.98). Intermediate values were observed for both fruit axis (H’= 0.49) and pulp firmness (H’ = 0.43). However, fruit shape (H’ = 0.24), shape of fruit apex (H’ = 0.24), and vesicle length (H’ = 0.33) presented the lowest values of diversity index. Current findings will be useful to conserve threatened genotypes ex situ and on farm and also will guide strategic conservation on Citrus genetic resources for future breeding programs.

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Analysis of leaf phenotypic diversity of some Hevea Accessions/clones conserved at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Ekona, Cameroon

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.2.0581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 372-378

Author(s):

Njukeng Jetro Nkengafac ◽

Ndille Claurence Nkumbe

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Morphological Descriptors ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Diverse Groups ◽

Component Scores

This study was carried out to estimate leaf morphological diversity of some accessions/clones from IRRDB 1981 Hevea germplasm collection conserved at IRAD Ekona, to determine the importance of leaf morphological descriptors in differentiating accessions/clones. A total of 36 clones/ accessions were characterized using 6 leaf morphological descriptors. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the leaf morphological parameters for the studied clones. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that all leaf descriptors were informative and contributed significantly to the variation. The first 2 Principal Component scores (PCs) accounted for 88% of the total variation. The cluster analysis based on significant PCs grouped all accessions and clones in to 6 main clusters at the distance of 1.5. This study permits the characterization of Hevea accessions and clones in to diverse groups using leaf morphological descriptors; hence this will be advantageous for production of diverse genotypes during breeding programs to broaden the Hevea gene pool.

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Integration of Residue Attributes for Sequence Diversity Characterization of Terpenoid Enzymes

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/753428 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nelson Kibinge ◽

Shun Ikeda ◽

Naoaki Ono ◽

Md. Altaf-Ul-Amin ◽

Shigehiko Kanaya

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Principal Component ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Amino Acid Index ◽

Protein Sequence Data ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Acid Index

Progress in the “omics” fields such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has engendered a need for innovative analytical techniques to derive meaningful information from the ever increasing molecular data. KNApSAcK motorcycle DB is a popular database for enzymes related to secondary metabolic pathways in plants. One of the challenges in analyses of protein sequence data in such repositories is the standard notation of sequences as strings of alphabetical characters. This has created lack of a natural underlying metric that eases amenability to computation. In view of this requirement, we applied novel integration of selected biochemical and physical attributes of amino acids derived from the amino acid index and quantified in numerical scale, to examine diversity of peptide sequences of terpenoid synthases accumulated in KNApSAcK motorcycle DB. We initially generated a reduced amino acid index table. This is a set of biochemical and physical properties obtained by random forest feature selection of important indices from the amino acid index. Principal component analysis was then applied for characterization of enzymes involved in synthesis of terpenoids. The variance explained was increased by incorporation of residue attributes for analyses.

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Biometric Characterization of the Portuguese Autochthonous Hens Breeds

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020498 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 498

Author(s):

Nuno V. Brito ◽

Júlio C. Lopes ◽

Virgínia Ribeiro ◽

Rui Dantas ◽

José V. Leite

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Body Length ◽

Principal Component ◽

Modern Society ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Cultural Legacy ◽

Marginal Areas

Promotion of the conservation and preservation of local breed’s biodiversity combined with the concept of sustainable agriculture and development of economically marginal areas are important policies to implement in modern society. The biometric characterization, contributing to maintain phenotypic traits, is a significant tool in breeding programs, which revaluate local breeds, allow the preservation of animal biodiversity and support consumer demands. This paper approaches the biometric characterization of the Portuguese poultry breeds through the study of sexual dimorphism and breed differentiation using six zoometric measures as differentiation criteria. A total of 429 fowl (66 males and 426 females) were studied and the parameters recorded were body weight, body length, chest circumference, shank length, shank diameter and wingspan. A highly sexual dimorphism was evident, in all breeds, with the “Branca” breed being the most zoometrically distant. Concerning Principal Component Analysis, the highly correlations observed between body length, wingspan and shank length, determined the generalized animal form and could be used as selection criteria for improving body size. Breeding programs aiming to preserve these local genetic resources should consider the dual purpose of these breeds: sustainability and cultural legacy, and the offer to urban consumers a source of differentiated high-quality products.

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