Analysis of the bactericidal effect of ozone pneumoperitoneum

PURPOSE: To assess the bactericidal action of ozone pneumoperitonium, and to compare the results with CO2. METHODS: It was used 36 Wistar rats. The animals, under anesthesia, were inoculated with 2ml of E. coli ATCC at a concentration of 10(10)UFC, and 1ml of BaSO4, into the peritoneal cavity. They were divided into three groups: Group 1, CO2 pneumoperitoneum was performed for 15 minutes; Group 2, ozone pneumoperitoneum was performed for 5 minutes at a concentration of 42µg/ml, and Group 3, ozone pneumoperitoneum was performed for 5 minutes at a concentration of 62µg/ml. Six animals from each group were sacrificed after the experiment, and the remaining 6 observed for 24 hours. Material was collected from the cavity of all animals for microbiological study. RESULTS: Ozone presented a greater bactericidal effect than CO2 in those animals sacrificed immediately after pneumoperitoneum. In the animals studied 24 hours after pneumoperitoneum evidenced no difference in bactericidal effect between the two gases. Moreover, no difference in mortality was observed. CONCLUSION: Ozone has a more potent bactericidal effect than carbon dioxide gas, although this did not influence survival of the animals.

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A TEN-YEAR ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE SENSITIVITY OF THE LEADING UROPATHOGEN TO ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS IN CHILDREN WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN THE NEPHROLOGY DEPARTMENT

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202007110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (7) ◽

pp. 1360-1364

Author(s):

Tetiana V. Budnik ◽

Tetiana B. Bevzenko

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Study Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

The Past ◽

Study Results ◽

Sensitivity Level ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The aim: To study the prevalence of ABR among children with UTI over the past 10 years, with an assessment of the sensitivity of E. Coli to common antibiotics in dynamics. Materials and methods: The study involved 1,044 children with UTI aged from 1 month to 18 years. Examination of patients and interpretation of the results was performed in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki of Human Rights. According to the design, the study included 3 comparison groups: Group 1 — children of the 2009 follow-up year (n = 337), Group 2 — of 2014 (n = 328) and Group 3 — of 2019 (n = 379). Results: Escherichia coli is recognized as the leading uropathogen in all study groups: its percentage in Group 1 was 47 % (158/337), in Group 2 — 64 % (210/328) and in Group 3 — 66.5 % (252/379). The prevalence of antibacterial resistance of E. coli strains and the high dynamics of its growth are shown. So the level of resistance of E. Coli in 2019 was 70 ± 4.06 % (176/252). This was 11 % more compared to 2014 and 18.8 % more compared to 2009. The percentage of multiresistant strains tended to increase and amounted to 28 ± 9.97 % (70/252) among patients with UTI and 40 ± 9.12 % (70/176) in the structure of resistance in 2019. The relative risk of ABR increased by 1.6 times in 2019 compared to 2014 (RR2019 = 2.208 ± 0.207 [1.473;3.310], р < 0.05 vs RR2014 = 1.375 ± 0.209 [0.913;2.063]) and by 3 times compared to 2009 (RR2009 = 0.727 ± 0.209 [0.483;1.095]). Ampicillin and amoxicillin showed an equally low sensitivity level (3.5 ± 32.14 % (9/252)). Only every second child confirmed sensitivity to cefuroxime (53.6 ± 5.76 (135/252)). Ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin showed a relatively high sensitivity level — 77.4 ± 3.34 (195/252) and 83 ± 2.81 (209/252), and at the same time the rapidly growing resistance rates — almost twice as high over the past 5 years. Furazidin K showed a high sensitivity level of 85.7 ± 2.53% (216/252), the lowest level of overall resistance of 14.3 ± 15.15 % (36/252) and a slow rate of its formation. An unfavourable prognosis of an increase in the relative risk of ABR by 2.9-3.7 times in the next 5–10 years was determined among patients with UTI, provided that the existing diagnostic and treatment approaches are maintained. Conclusions: The study results are important for understanding the clinical decision on the benefits of antibacterial therapy and optimizing its empirical choice for a patient with UTI.

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Patient Attitudes Regarding Participation in Studies of Antimicrobial Resistance

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/526447 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 155-159

Author(s):

Pam Tolomeo ◽

Mary Wheeler ◽

Joshua P. Metlay ◽

Katrina Armstrong ◽

Neil O. Fishman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Swab Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Response Options ◽

E Coli ◽

Study Results ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background.A number of recent studies of antimicrobial resistance have focused on the role of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens that colonize the gastrointestinal tract. However, participation rates have been low in studies that involve fecal sampling. Attitudes toward such studies among potential study participants have not been assessed.Methods.We conducted a cross-sectional survey, enrolling 3 groups of inpatients from a large academic center. Group 1 consisted of patients who had previously participated in a cohort study of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli, which involved the collection of perirectal swab samples. Group 2 consisted of patients who had previously refused to participate in the study of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. Group 3 consisted of patients who had never been asked to participate in the study of the fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. The survey assessed patients' attitudes and beliefs regarding medical research and their willingness to consent to collection of a perirectal swab sample. Response options were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale. The Fisher exact test was used to compare dichotomized responses across study groups.Results.A total of 90 patients were surveyed: there were 29 in group 1 and in group 2 and 32 in group 3. Of 90 patients, 31 (35%) believed researchers might run additional tests on collected samples without informing the patient, whereas 25 (27%) believed persons other than the research team might gain access to study results. The belief that a person could get sicker as a result of a having a perirectal swab sample collected was significantly more common among patients who had previously refused to participate in the fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli study.Conclusion.This study highlights important beliefs and attitudes that are associated with the likelihood of participating in studies of antimicrobial resistance. Explicitly addressing these concerns with eligible patients is critical to optimize participation in future studies.

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Plasma as an indicator of bone fluoride levels in rats chronically exposed to fluoride

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572006000400005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 238-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juliane Guimarães de Carvalho ◽

Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira ◽

Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Direct Method ◽

Facilitated Diffusion ◽

Bone Surface ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Group 3 ◽

The Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Exposure Methods ◽

Group 1

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the use of plasma, bone surface (periosteal) and whole bone as biomarkers of chronic fluoride (F) exposure. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to 4 groups (n=10/gr) that differed according to the F concentration they received in the drinking water. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 received water containing 0 (control), 5, 15, and 50 mg F/L, respectively. The rats were killed at 120 days of age. Plasma and femur were collected and analyzed for fluoride with the ion specific electrode by the direct method or after hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion. Data were tested for statistically significant differences by ANOVA and linear regression (p<0.05). RESULTS: Mean (± SE) plasma F concentrations ranged from 0.030 ± 0.002 to 0.187 ± 0.013 (mg/mL). The concentrations in surface and whole bone ranged from 610 ± 32 to 4,693 222; and 647 ± 22 to 3,439 ± 134 µg/g, respectively. The surface/whole F concentration ratios were 0.941, 1.414, 1.173 and 1.377, for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. For plasma and whole bone, the difference among all groups was statistically significant, except for group 2 compared to group 1. For bone surface, all groups differed from each other except for group 2 compared to group 3. A significant positive correlation was found between bone surface and whole bone F (r²=0.94), as well as between plasma and bone surface (r²=0.71) and plasma and whole bone (r²=0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that both bone surface and whole bone are suitable biomarkers of chronic F exposure in rats and plasma may be used as indicator of bone fluoride levels.

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Association of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coliHemolysin with Serotypes of Shiga-Like-Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coli of Human and Bovine Origins

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.64.11.4134-4141.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. 4134-4141 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Carlton Gyles ◽

Roger Johnson ◽

Anli Gao ◽

Kim Ziebell ◽

Denis Pierard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Sheep Erythrocyte ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

E Coli ◽

Hemolysin Gene ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Bovine Feces ◽

Group 1

ABSTRACT In this study we investigated whether the enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli (EHEC) hemolysin gene ehxAcould be used as an indicator of pathogenicity in Shiga-like-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (SLTEC) isolates. The isolates in a collection of 770 SLTEC strains of human and bovine origins were assigned to group 1 (230 human and 138 bovine SLTEC isolates belonging to serotypes frequently implicated in human disease), group 2 (85 human and 183 bovine isolates belonging to serotypes less frequently implicated in disease), and group 3 (134 bovine isolates belonging to serotypes not implicated in disease). PCR amplification was used to examine all of the SLTEC isolates for the presence of ehxA and the virulence-associated geneseae, slt-I, and slt-II. The percentages of human isolates in groups 1 and 2 that were positive forehxA were 89 and 46%, respectively, and the percentages of bovine isolates in groups 1 to 3 that were positive forehxA were 89, 51, and 52%, respectively. The percentages of human isolates in groups 1 and 2 that were positive foreae were 92 and 27%, respectively, and the percentages of bovine isolates in groups 1 to 3 that were positive for eaewere 78, 15, and 19%, respectively. The frequencies of bothehxA and eae were significantly higher for group 1 isolates than for group 2 isolates. The presence of the ehxA gene was associated with serotype, as was the presence of the eae gene. Some serotypes, such as O117:H4, lacked both eae and ehxA and have been associated with severe disease, but only infrequently. Theslt-I genes were more frequent in group 1 isolates than in group 2 isolates, and the slt-II genes were more frequent in group 2 isolates than in group 1 isolates. In a second experiment we determined the occurrence of the ehxA andslt genes in E. coli isolated from bovine feces. Fecal samples from 175 animals were streaked onto washed sheep erythrocyte agar plates. Eight E. coli-like colonies representing all of the morphological types were transferred to MacConkey agar. A total of 1,080 E. coli isolates were examined, and the ehxA gene was detected in 12 independent strains, only 3 of which were positive for slt. We concluded that the ehxA gene was less correlated with virulence than the eae gene was and that EHEC hemolysin alone has limited value for screening bovine feces for pathogenic SLTEC because of presence of the ehxA gene in bovine isolates that are not SLTEC.

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Effect of ovarian autotransplantation on FSH levels in Wistar rats late menopause model

Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi ◽

10.20473/mog.v1i12018.42-47 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Abdurahman Laqif ◽

Dewi Kartika DJ Anwar ◽

Eriana Melinawati

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Bilateral Oophorectomy ◽

Group 3 ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Group 1 ◽

Elisa Data

Objectives: To determine the effect of ovarian autotransplan-tation on decreasing FSH level in Wistarrats late menopause model.Materials and Methods: Experimental analytic research on 27 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) was divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (K1) or control. Group 2 (K2) performed bilateral oophorec-tomy without autotransplantation. Group 3 (K3) performed bilateral oophorectomy with autotransplantation. Measurements of FSH levels were performed on the first day, day 28 (four weeks after bilateral oophorectomy, during late menopause) and 56 day (four weeks after autotransplant). Measurement of FSH levels using ELISA. Data analysis used ANOVA and Post Hoc test.Results: The mean FSH level measured on day 56 at K1 = 63.400 ng/mL, at K2 = 78.416 ng/mL and K3 = 31.991 ng/mL. There were significant differences between K1 and K2 (p = 0,000), K1 and K3 (p = 0,000), and between K2 and K3 (p = 0,000).Conclusion: Ovarian autotransplantation decrease FSH levels in Wistar rats late menopause model.

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Exposure to Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Increases Survival of Red Blood Cells in Wistar Rats.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.5087.5087 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 5087-5087

Author(s):

Wojciech Krzyzanski ◽

Asfiha G Gebreegziabher ◽

Piotr Kawczak

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Human Erythropoietin ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Survival Curve ◽

Reticuloendothelial System ◽

Erythroid Progenitor ◽

Human Erythropoietin ◽

Erythroid Progenitor Cells ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Abstract 5087 Purpose The primary goal of this study was to determine if exposure to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) increases survival of RBCs in rats. A secondary objective was to test if rHuEPO prolongs survival of RBC by interaction with erythroid progenitor cells or by affecting cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Methods Normal male Wistar rats (337 ± 8 g) were divided into four groups (n=2). Animals in groups 0 and 1 were not treated whereas animals groups 2 and 3 received multiple doses of rHuEPO (Epogen, Amgen, CA) 450 IU/kg three times a week for two weeks via intravenous injections in the tail vein. Subsequently, blood samples (∼ 1-2 mL) were collected from all animals and labeled with water-soluble biotin as a tag for RBC. The biotinylated RBCs were injected back to animals according to the following pattern. Group 1 received blood from Group 2 and Group 2 from Group 1. Animals from Groups 0 and 3 were injected back with their own blood. Two days were allowed for a system equilibration. Next, blood samples (∼ 100 mL) were drawn weekly from each animal until the signal reached the limit of quantification. The biotinylated cells were detected by streptavidin conjugated to phycoerythin and analyzed by flow cytometry (FACSCalibur, Becton-Dickinson). The RBC absolute count was determined by a hematology analyzer (BC-2800 Vet, Mindray, China). The survival data were represented as the fraction of surviving cells. For quantification of RBC survival, the times necessary to reduce the size of the labeled sample by 25, 50, and 75% (T25, T50, and T75) were used. Results The mean survival curves for each group were compared to the control rats (Group 0). The survival curve for animals in Group 3 was distinctly higher that the survival curve for the control which was reflected by the T50 values of 31.5±1.6 and 13.6±0.1 days, respectively. This implies that the survival of RBCs is prolonged by the treatment with rHuEPO. If the effect of erythropoietin on RBC survival is mediated by its interaction with the erythroid progenitor cells, then an increase in the RBC survival in Group 1 is expected. This was somewhat confirmed by the survival curve for Group 1 that was above the control survival curve, however not to the extent of Group 3. Contrary, the survival curve for Group 2 overlapped with the control, supporting the hypothesis that the effect of rHuEPO on RBC survival is not mediated by its interaction with the reticuloendothelial system. The T50 values for Group 1 and 2 were 24.3±7.4 and 15.6±3.0 days, respectively. Conclusions The survival patterns of RBCs following two week long exposure to rHuEPO imply that their lifespan is prolonged when compared to control rats. Lack of an increase of RBC survival for Group 1 and a moderate increase of RBC survival for Group 2 support the endowment hypothesis that rHuEPO prolongs survival of RBCs possible by enhancing viability of the erythroid precursors. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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The effects of local nitroglycerin on the surgical delay procedure in prefabricated flaps by vascular implant in rats

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502012001200013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 905-911 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jairo Zacchê de Sá ◽

José Lamartine de Andrade Aguiar ◽

Adriana Ferreira Cruz ◽

Alexandre Ricardo Pereira Schuler ◽

José Ricardo Alves de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Delay Procedure ◽

Surgical Delay ◽

Group 4 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Prefabricated Flap ◽

Group 1

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of local nitroglycerin on the viable area of a prefabricated flap for vascular implant in rats, and to investigate the surgical delay procedure. METHODS: A femoral pedicle was implanted under the skin of the abdominal wall in forty Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups of ten: group 1 - without surgical delay procedure and local nitroglycerin; group 2 - with surgical delay procedure, but without local nitroglycerin; group 3 - without surgical delay procedure, but with local nitroglycerin; and group 4 - with simultaneous surgical delay procedure and local nitroglycerin. The percentages of the viable areas, in relation to the total flap, were calculated using AutoCAD R 14. RESULTS: The mean percentage value of the viable area was 8.9% in the group 1. 49.4% in the group 2; 8.4% in the group 3 and 1.1% in the group 4. There was significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.005), 1 and 4 (p=0.024), 2 and 3 (p=0.003), 2 and 4 (p=0.001). These results support the hypothesis that the closure of the arterial venous channels is responsible for the phenomenon of surgical delay procedure. CONCLUSION: Local nitroglycerin did not cause an increase in the prefabricated viable flap area by vascular implantation and decreased the viable flap area that underwent delay procedures.

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Effect of mannitol on the pharmacokinetics of amikacin in wistar rats

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132009000400006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 835-839

Author(s):

Hugo Juárez Olguín ◽

Miriam Carrasco Portugal ◽

Janett Flores Pérez ◽

Angélica Camacho Vieyra ◽

Carmen Flores Pérez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Human Studies ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Fixed Times ◽

Group 1

The study analyzed the effect of mannitol on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of amikacin. Adult Wistar rats were treated as follows: Group 1 (G1) received mannitol for three days, Group 2 (G2) received mannitol plus 10 mg/kg of amikacin simultaneously, and Group 3 only amikacin. The PK study was conducted on the 4th day. For which, blood samples were drawn at fixed times during 24 h and immunoenzymatically analyzed. Results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between the groups, e.g. Cmax were 62.26 ± 15.75 µg/ml for G1, 72.63 ± 24.80 µg/ml for G2 and 68.61 ± 27.40 µg/ml for G3. The AUC also differed in the three groups, being largest for G2, 222.52 ± 47.30 µg/ml/h, and smallest for G1, 135.59 ± 39.00 µg/ml/h. Alteration of the PK parameters observed between the groups must be considered when both drugs are prescribed, although human studies are necessary to confirm the results.

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Preventing intraperitoneal adhesions with vitamin E and sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose: a comparative study in rats

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502008000100007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 36-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Fredy Corrales ◽

Marcelo Corrales ◽

Carlos Cauduro Schirmer

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Sodium Hyaluronate ◽

Postoperative Adhesions ◽

Intraperitoneal Adhesions ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of intraperitoneally administered vitamin E with the sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose membrane (HA/CBMC) in preventing postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion formation. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats underwent a laparotomy and adhesions were induced (IA). The animals were divided into four groups: group 1, control (IA); group 2 (IA + Vitamin E): group 3 (IA+HA/CBMC) and group 4 (IA+ Vitamin E + HA/CBMC). The Vitamin E (groups 2 and 4) and HA/CBMC (groups 3 and 4) were administered intraperitoneally before the abdominal wall was closed. After 30 days, adhesions were classified by an independent surgeon. RESULTS: Three animals died; one from group 3 and two from group 4. All control animals had substantial adhesions compared with unsubstantial adhesions observed in 11/15 in group 2 (P = 0.000), 11/14 in group 3 (P = 0.001), and 10/13 in group 4 (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Vitamin E, administered intraperitoneally, is as effective as HA/CBMC in preventing postoperative adhesions.

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ROLE OF METFORMIN ON CLOZAPINE INDUCED DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN WISTAR RATS

International Journal of Current Research in Physiology and Pharmacology (IJCRPP) ◽

10.31878/ijcrpp.2018.21.1 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Syed Shoib Md Hussaini ◽

Akram A Naikwadi ◽

Narsapur VU

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii ◽

Metabolic Derangement ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background: The clinical research in past decade has reported that most second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) can cause serious metabolic derangement, which substantially increases the risk for type II diabetes mellitus. Several retrospective studies have shown increased in serum triglyceride in patients treated with Clozapine. SGAs induced metabolic syndrome is characterized by weight gain, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Metformin is currently used to treat metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus. It is therefore important to determine whether Metformin is efficacious in treating Clozapine-induced metabolic derangement like dyslipidaemia. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Metformin in minimizing Clozapine induced metabolic derangement like dyslipidaemia. Methodology: Wistar rats weighing 180-240g either sex were divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 served as control, Group 2 Treated with Clozapine 25mg/kg body weight and Group 3 Treated with Clozapine 25mg + Metformin 100mg/kg body weight for 28 days P.O. Group 2 and group 3 were treated for 28 days. Biochemical investigations: Retro-orbital blood was collected for Lipid profile. Result: Lipid profile of group 2 rats treated with Clozapine showed dyslipidaemia (TG 103.3 ±1.7mg/dl, Tc 113.7 ±1.6mg/dl). Whereas group 3 rats treated with Clozapine 25mg + Metformin showed normal lipid levels (TG 94.7±1.7mg/dl, TC 102.8 ±0.8 mg/dl) comparable to group 1(TG 93.0 ±2.6mg/dl, TC 103.7 ±1.5mg/dl). Conclusion: This study exploring the use of Metformin to prevent metabolic derangement like dyslipidaemias in patients of schizophrenia treated with Clozapine. KEYWORDS: Clozapine; Metformin; Dyslipidaemia.

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