Association of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coliHemolysin with Serotypes of Shiga-Like-Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coli of Human and Bovine Origins

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 4134-4141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlton Gyles ◽  
Roger Johnson ◽  
Anli Gao ◽  
Kim Ziebell ◽  
Denis Pierard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hemolysin Gene ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Bovine Feces ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT In this study we investigated whether the enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli (EHEC) hemolysin gene ehxAcould be used as an indicator of pathogenicity in Shiga-like-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (SLTEC) isolates. The isolates in a collection of 770 SLTEC strains of human and bovine origins were assigned to group 1 (230 human and 138 bovine SLTEC isolates belonging to serotypes frequently implicated in human disease), group 2 (85 human and 183 bovine isolates belonging to serotypes less frequently implicated in disease), and group 3 (134 bovine isolates belonging to serotypes not implicated in disease). PCR amplification was used to examine all of the SLTEC isolates for the presence of ehxA and the virulence-associated geneseae, slt-I, and slt-II. The percentages of human isolates in groups 1 and 2 that were positive forehxA were 89 and 46%, respectively, and the percentages of bovine isolates in groups 1 to 3 that were positive forehxA were 89, 51, and 52%, respectively. The percentages of human isolates in groups 1 and 2 that were positive foreae were 92 and 27%, respectively, and the percentages of bovine isolates in groups 1 to 3 that were positive for eaewere 78, 15, and 19%, respectively. The frequencies of bothehxA and eae were significantly higher for group 1 isolates than for group 2 isolates. The presence of the ehxA gene was associated with serotype, as was the presence of the eae gene. Some serotypes, such as O117:H4, lacked both eae and ehxA and have been associated with severe disease, but only infrequently. Theslt-I genes were more frequent in group 1 isolates than in group 2 isolates, and the slt-II genes were more frequent in group 2 isolates than in group 1 isolates. In a second experiment we determined the occurrence of the ehxA andslt genes in E. coli isolated from bovine feces. Fecal samples from 175 animals were streaked onto washed sheep erythrocyte agar plates. Eight E. coli-like colonies representing all of the morphological types were transferred to MacConkey agar. A total of 1,080 E. coli isolates were examined, and the ehxA gene was detected in 12 independent strains, only 3 of which were positive for slt. We concluded that the ehxA gene was less correlated with virulence than the eae gene was and that EHEC hemolysin alone has limited value for screening bovine feces for pathogenic SLTEC because of presence of the ehxA gene in bovine isolates that are not SLTEC.

scholarly journals Trials for preparation and evaluation of a combined inactivated reassorted H5N1 and Escherichia coli O157 vaccine in poultry

2021 ◽  
pp. 1677-1681
Author(s):  
Marwa Fathy El Sayed ◽  
Reem A. Soliman ◽  
Heba Mohamed Ghanem ◽  
Marwa M.S. Khedr ◽  
Gina M. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
H5n1 Vaccine ◽  
Group 1

Background and Aim: Avian influenza (AI), which is one of the major respiratory diseases of poultry, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) have caused major economic losses around the world, including in Egypt. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to produce a vaccine from E. coli O157 and AI H5N1 formulated with Montanide ISA70 for the protection of poultry against both diseases. Materials and Methods: We divided one hundred 3-week-old chicks into four groups: Group 1 was vaccinated with prepared inactivated AI H5N1formulated with Montanide ISA70, Group 2 was vaccinated with inactivated E. coli formulated with Montanide ISA70, Group 3 was vaccinated with combined E. coli and AI H5N1 formulated with Montanide ISA70, and Group 4 was an unvaccinated control group. We measured the immune response using the HI (hemagglutination inhibition) test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the challenge test. Results: We found the three vaccines to be safe and sterile during all periods of examination and observation. The HI test showed that Group 1 exhibited specific antibody titers of 2.3 log2, 4.3 log2, 7.5 log2, 7.8 log2, 8 log2, and 8.1 log2 from week 2 to week 7, respectively, post-vaccination. Group 3 exhibited antibody titers of 3.3 log2, 5.8 log2, 7.8 log2, 8 log2, 8.3 log2, and 8.3 log2 from week 2 to week 7, respectively, post-vaccination. The immune response in both groups reached a high titer at week 6. The combined inactivated E. coli and AI H5N1 vaccine generated a higher immune response than the inactivated AI H5N1 vaccine, and a significant difference exists between the two groups. For Groups 2 and 3, the ELISA antibody titer exhibited its lowest value, 1996.5 and 2036.7, respectively, at week 1 post-vaccination; whereas, both groups exhibited the highest titers, 2227.7 (for Group 2) and 2287.3 (for Group 3), in week 3 post-booster. The ELISA for the combined inactivated E. coli and AI H5N1 vaccine had a higher titer than did the inactivated E. coli vaccine, and a significant difference exists between the two groups. Moreover, the protection rate was higher in Group 3, with 100% for E. coli and 90% for the AI H5N1 vaccine. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that producing a combined vaccine using E. coli and AI H5N1 formulated with Montanide ISA70 is recommended for protection against both diseases.

scholarly journals Retinal microvascular abnormalities in patients after COVID-19 depending on disease severity

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317953
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Zapata ◽  
Sandra Banderas García ◽  
Adrián Sánchez ◽  
Anna Falcó ◽  
Susana Otero-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group Control Group ◽  
Group 1

BackgroundGlobal pandemic SARS-CoV-2 causes a prothrombotic state without fully elucidated effects. This study aims to analyse and quantify the possible retinal microvascular abnormalities.Materials and methodsCase–control study. Patients between 18 and 55 years old with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within the last 3 months were included. Risk stratification: group 1—mild disease (asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic); group 2—moderate disease (required hospital admission with no acute respiratory distress) and group 3—severe disease (subjects who developed an acute respiratory distress were admitted in the intensive care unit and presented interleukin 6 values above 40 pg/mL). Age-matched volunteers with negative serology tests were enrolled to control group. A colour photograph, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) and an angiography using OCT centred on the fovea were performed.ResultsControl group included 27 subjects: group 1 included 24 patients, group 2 consisted of 24 patients and 21 participants were recruited for group 3. There were no funduscopic lesions, neither in the colour images nor in the structural OCT. Fovea-centred vascular density (VD) was reduced in group 2 and group 3 compared with group 1 and control group (control group vs group 2; 16.92 vs 13.37; p=0.009) (control group vs group 3; 16.92 vs .13.63; p=0.026) (group 1 vs group 2; 17.16 vs 13.37; p=0.006) (group 1 vs group 3; 17.16 vs 13.63 p=0.017).ConclusionPatients with moderate and severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia had decreased central retinal VD as compared with that of asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic cases or control subjects.

scholarly journals Analysis of the bactericidal effect of ozone pneumoperitoneum

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Altenfelder Silva ◽  
José Eduardo Rosseto Garotti ◽  
Renata Santos Bittencourt Silva ◽  
Alessandra Navarini ◽  
Adhemar Monteiro Pacheco Jr
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Bactericidal Action ◽  
Co2 Pneumoperitoneum ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To assess the bactericidal action of ozone pneumoperitonium, and to compare the results with CO2. METHODS: It was used 36 Wistar rats. The animals, under anesthesia, were inoculated with 2ml of E. coli ATCC at a concentration of 10(10)UFC, and 1ml of BaSO4, into the peritoneal cavity. They were divided into three groups: Group 1, CO2 pneumoperitoneum was performed for 15 minutes; Group 2, ozone pneumoperitoneum was performed for 5 minutes at a concentration of 42µg/ml, and Group 3, ozone pneumoperitoneum was performed for 5 minutes at a concentration of 62µg/ml. Six animals from each group were sacrificed after the experiment, and the remaining 6 observed for 24 hours. Material was collected from the cavity of all animals for microbiological study. RESULTS: Ozone presented a greater bactericidal effect than CO2 in those animals sacrificed immediately after pneumoperitoneum. In the animals studied 24 hours after pneumoperitoneum evidenced no difference in bactericidal effect between the two gases. Moreover, no difference in mortality was observed. CONCLUSION: Ozone has a more potent bactericidal effect than carbon dioxide gas, although this did not influence survival of the animals.

scholarly journals The role of an herbal agent in treatment for Escherichia coli induced bacterial cyctitis in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Murat Tuken ◽  
Mustafa Zafer Temiz ◽  
Emrah Yuruk ◽  
Asuman Orcun Kaptanagasi ◽  
Kayhan Basak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the herbal agent in the prevention and treatment of bacterial cystitis in a rat model. Material and Methods: A total of twenty-eight male Sprague- Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group-1 constituted the control group (operated and normal saline injected into the bladder, received only drinking water for 7 days); Group-2 constituted the no-treatment group (operated, E.coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received only drinking water for 7 days); Group-3 constituted the short-term treatment (operated, E.coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received the herbal agent added into drinking water for 7 days) and Group-4 constituted the long-term treatment (operated, E. coli J96 strain injected into the bladder, received herbal agent added into drinking water for 14 days). At the end of the pre-defined treatment periods of duration, the rats were sacrificed, urine samples collected from the bladder for culture and bladders were harvested for histopathological evaluation. Urine culture results and histopathological findings were comparatively evaluated between the groups. Results: Urine cultures were positive for implanted E. coli strains in 0%, 85.7%, 42.8% and 0% of rats in Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4, respectively (p = 0.001). Although histopathological evaluation revealed increased vascular dilation in the bladder specimens obtained from Group 2 and Group 3 (p = 0.028) no significant difference was noticed in level of inflammation (p = 0.610), edema (p = 0.754) and thickness of uroepithelium (p = 0.138). Conclusion: While long term (14 days) treatment with an herbal agent added into the drinking water resulted in complete clearance of urine from E. coli; shorter application of the agent revealed partial clearance. Further clinical studies are needed to support our results.

scholarly journals A TEN-YEAR ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE SENSITIVITY OF THE LEADING UROPATHOGEN TO ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS IN CHILDREN WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN THE NEPHROLOGY DEPARTMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1360-1364
Author(s):  
Tetiana V. Budnik ◽  
Tetiana B. Bevzenko
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sensitivity Level ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim: To study the prevalence of ABR among children with UTI over the past 10 years, with an assessment of the sensitivity of E. Coli to common antibiotics in dynamics. Materials and methods: The study involved 1,044 children with UTI aged from 1 month to 18 years. Examination of patients and interpretation of the results was performed in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki of Human Rights. According to the design, the study included 3 comparison groups: Group 1 — children of the 2009 follow-up year (n = 337), Group 2 — of 2014 (n = 328) and Group 3 — of 2019 (n = 379). Results: Escherichia coli is recognized as the leading uropathogen in all study groups: its percentage in Group 1 was 47 % (158/337), in Group 2 — 64 % (210/328) and in Group 3 — 66.5 % (252/379). The prevalence of antibacterial resistance of E. coli strains and the high dynamics of its growth are shown. So the level of resistance of E. Coli in 2019 was 70 ± 4.06 % (176/252). This was 11 % more compared to 2014 and 18.8 % more compared to 2009. The percentage of multiresistant strains tended to increase and amounted to 28 ± 9.97 % (70/252) among patients with UTI and 40 ± 9.12 % (70/176) in the structure of resistance in 2019. The relative risk of ABR increased by 1.6 times in 2019 compared to 2014 (RR2019 = 2.208 ± 0.207 [1.473;3.310], р < 0.05 vs RR2014 = 1.375 ± 0.209 [0.913;2.063]) and by 3 times compared to 2009 (RR2009 = 0.727 ± 0.209 [0.483;1.095]). Ampicillin and amoxicillin showed an equally low sensitivity level (3.5 ± 32.14 % (9/252)). Only every second child confirmed sensitivity to cefuroxime (53.6 ± 5.76 (135/252)). Ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin showed a relatively high sensitivity level — 77.4 ± 3.34 (195/252) and 83 ± 2.81 (209/252), and at the same time the rapidly growing resistance rates — almost twice as high over the past 5 years. Furazidin K showed a high sensitivity level of 85.7 ± 2.53% (216/252), the lowest level of overall resistance of 14.3 ± 15.15 % (36/252) and a slow rate of its formation. An unfavourable prognosis of an increase in the relative risk of ABR by 2.9-3.7 times in the next 5–10 years was determined among patients with UTI, provided that the existing diagnostic and treatment approaches are maintained. Conclusions: The study results are important for understanding the clinical decision on the benefits of antibacterial therapy and optimizing its empirical choice for a patient with UTI.

Development of microbiota in the large intestine of newborns depending on various delivery methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Yuliya Lazarevna Naboka ◽  
Aleksandr Nikolayevich Rymashevskiy ◽  
Eteri Goneriyevna Svirava ◽  
Larisa Ivanovna Vasilyeva ◽  
Lidiya Yeliseyevna Bragina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Preg Nancy ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Corynebacterium Sp ◽  
Group 1

We have examined 96 conditionally healthy primigravidae and 96 newborns. Group 1 (n = 51): gravidae with normal course of preg-nancy and delivery, group 2 (n = 45): gravidae with normal course of pregnancy and deliveries by caesarian section (indications for the operation - severe myopia), group 3 (n = 51): newborns from gravidae of group 1, group 4 (n = 45): newborns from gravidae of group 2. Purpose: study of the development of microbiota in the large intestine of newborns depending on various delivery methods. Enterococcus sp. (58,2 %), S. epidermidis (55,7 %), Corynebacterium sp. (53,1 %), E. coli (41,7 %) dominated in meconium microbiota. By the day 5 in group 3 we registered more frequently (p < 0,05) Bifidobacterium sp., Corynebacterium sp., E. coli, in group 4 - Klebsiella sp. Independently from the delivery method, by day 5 we observed in the feces of newborns increased (р < 0,5) content of Bifidobacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., E. coli, Enterococcus sp., and S. aureus.

scholarly journals Impact of the Use of β-Lactam Antimicrobials on the Emergence of Escherichia coli Isolates Resistant to Cephalosporins under Standard Pig-Rearing Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1782-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Cameron-Veas ◽  
Marc Solà-Ginés ◽  
Miguel A. Moreno ◽  
Lorenzo Fraile ◽  
Lourdes Migura-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate if the treatments with ceftiofur and amoxicillin are risk factors for the emergence of cephalosporin resistant (CR)E. coliin a pig farm during the rearing period. One hundred 7-day-old piglets were divided into two groups, a control (n= 50) group and a group parenterally treated with ceftiofur (n= 50). During the fattening period, both groups were subdivided in two. A second treatment with amoxicillin was administered in feed to two of the four groups, as follows: group 1 (untreated,n= 20), group 2 (treated with amoxicillin,n= 26), group 3 (treated with ceftiofur,n= 20), and group 4 (treated with ceftiofur and amoxicillin,n= 26). During treatment with ceftiofur, fecal samples were collected before treatment (day 0) and at days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 42 posttreatment, whereas with amoxicillin, the sampling was extended 73 days posttreatment. CRE. colibacteria were selected on MacConkey agar with ceftriaxone (1 mg/liter). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), MICs of 14 antimicrobials, the presence of cephalosporin resistance genes, and replicon typing of plasmids were analyzed. Both treatments generated an increase in the prevalence of CRE. coli, which was statistically significant in the treated groups. Resistance diminished after treatment. A total of 47 CRE. coliisolates were recovered during the study period; of these, 15 containedblaCTX-M-1, 10 containedblaCTX-M-14, 4 containedblaCTX-M-9, 2 containedblaCTX-M-15, and 5 containedblaSHV-12. The treatment with ceftiofur and amoxicillin was associated with the emergence of CRE. coliduring the course of the treatment. However, by the time of finishing, CRE. colibacteria were not recovered from the animals.

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Variation in Outer Membrane Polysaccharide Export (OPX) Proteins from the Two Major Capsule Assembly Pathways Present inEscherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Sande ◽  
Catrien Bouwman ◽  
Elisabeth Kell ◽  
Nicholas N. Nickerson ◽  
Sharookh B. Kapadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Capsule Production ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTCapsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are virulence factors for many important pathogens. InEscherichia coli, CPSs are synthesized via two distinct pathways, but both require proteins from the outer membrane polysaccharide export (OPX) family to complete CPS export from the periplasm to the cell surface. In this study, we compare the properties of the OPX proteins from the prototypical group 1 (Wzy-dependent) and group 2 (ABC transporter-dependent) pathways inE. coliK30 (Wza) andE. coliK2 (KpsD), respectively. In addition, we compare an OPX fromSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi (VexA), which shares structural properties with Wza, while operating in an ABC transporter-dependent pathway. These proteins differ in distribution in the cell envelope and formation of stable multimers, but these properties do not align with acylation or the interfacing biosynthetic pathway. InE. coliK2, murein lipoprotein (Lpp) plays a role in peptidoglycan association of KpsD, and loss of this interaction correlates with impaired group 2 capsule production. VexA also depends on Lpp for peptidoglycan association, but CPS production is unaffected in anlppmutant. In contrast, Wza and group 1 capsule production is unaffected by the absence of Lpp. These results point to complex structure-function relationships between different OPX proteins.IMPORTANCECapsules are protective layers of polysaccharides that surround the cell surface of many bacteria, including that ofEscherichia coliisolates andSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi. Capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are often essential for virulence because they facilitate evasion of host immune responses. The attenuation of unencapsulated mutants in animal models and the involvement of protein families with conserved features make the CPS export pathway a novel candidate for therapeutic strategies. However, appropriate “antivirulence” strategies require a fundamental understanding of the underpinning cellular processes. Investigating export proteins that are conserved across different biosynthesis strategies will give important insight into how CPS is transported to the cell surface.

Patient Attitudes Regarding Participation in Studies of Antimicrobial Resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Pam Tolomeo ◽  
Mary Wheeler ◽  
Joshua P. Metlay ◽  
Katrina Armstrong ◽  
Neil O. Fishman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Swab Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Response Options ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background.A number of recent studies of antimicrobial resistance have focused on the role of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens that colonize the gastrointestinal tract. However, participation rates have been low in studies that involve fecal sampling. Attitudes toward such studies among potential study participants have not been assessed.Methods.We conducted a cross-sectional survey, enrolling 3 groups of inpatients from a large academic center. Group 1 consisted of patients who had previously participated in a cohort study of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli, which involved the collection of perirectal swab samples. Group 2 consisted of patients who had previously refused to participate in the study of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. Group 3 consisted of patients who had never been asked to participate in the study of the fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. The survey assessed patients' attitudes and beliefs regarding medical research and their willingness to consent to collection of a perirectal swab sample. Response options were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale. The Fisher exact test was used to compare dichotomized responses across study groups.Results.A total of 90 patients were surveyed: there were 29 in group 1 and in group 2 and 32 in group 3. Of 90 patients, 31 (35%) believed researchers might run additional tests on collected samples without informing the patient, whereas 25 (27%) believed persons other than the research team might gain access to study results. The belief that a person could get sicker as a result of a having a perirectal swab sample collected was significantly more common among patients who had previously refused to participate in the fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli study.Conclusion.This study highlights important beliefs and attitudes that are associated with the likelihood of participating in studies of antimicrobial resistance. Explicitly addressing these concerns with eligible patients is critical to optimize participation in future studies.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

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