Performance of new Hevea clones from IAC 400 series

The Hevea breeding program of Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) has completed clonal evaluation on the following series: IAC 100, IAC 200 and IAC 300. The performance of 22 clones of Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg., evolved at IAC, over a period of eleven years was evaluated in the Western Central part of the São Paulo State, Brazil. Among these 22 new clones, six were intraspecific hybrid clones (IAC 400, IAC 404, IAC 405, IAC 406, IAC 410, IAC 412) and the remaining are primary those resulted from selected ortets within half-sib progenies. An old popular clone RRIM 600, of Malaysian origin, was used as the control. The trial was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Yield performance over a period of four years, mean girth at the 11th year, girth increment before tapping and on tapping, thermal property of natural rubber produced, bark thickness, number of latex vessel rows in seven year virgin bark, percentage incidence of tapping panel dryness, wind damage and diseases like leaf and panel anthracnose have been observed. Sixty one percent of the clones were superior in relation to the control for yield. The clone IAC 400 recorded the highest yield (97.40 g tree-1 tap-1) over four years of tapping, followed by IAC 411 (78.87 tree-1 tap-1), whereas the control clone RRIM 600 recorded 50.86 g tree-1 tap-1. All selected clones were vigorous in growth. Girth increment of these clones was average to above average. Except for IAC 423, other clones had thick virgin bark at opening ranging from 4.84 mm for IAC 401 to 6.38 mm for IAC 416. The natural rubbers from IAC clones have shown good thermal stability up to 300ºC and no differences in the thermal behavior among rubber from clones of the IAC series and the clone RRIM 600 were found in inert atmosphere.

Download Full-text

Phenotypic stability and genetic gains in six-year girth growth of Hevea clones

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x1999000700015 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 1223-1232 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Paulo de Souza Gonçalves ◽

Alberto Kazutoshi Fujihara ◽

Altino Aldo Ortolani ◽

Ondino Cleante Bataglia ◽

Nelson Bortoletto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Regression Coefficient ◽

Block Design ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Phenotypic Stability ◽

Plateau Region ◽

Genetic Gains ◽

Paulo State ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Clonal Variance

Rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Müell. Arg.] budgrafts of seven clones were evaluated on five contrasting sites in the plateau region of the São Paulo State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to study the phenotypic stability for girth growth. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications and seven treatments. Analysis of variance of girth at six-year plant growth indicated a highly significant clone x site interaction. Only linear sites and clone x site components of clone x year interaction were significant, indicating that the performance of clones over sites for this trait could be predicted. The clones GT 1 and PB 235 showed the greatest stability in relation to girth growth, with foreseen responses to change, introduced in the sites. The clones PB 235 and IAN 873 showed significative difference in relation to regression coefficient, representing clones with specific adaptability on favorable and unfavorable sites respectively. The clone GT 1 became the most promissory one in the study of stability and adaptability even showing low girth growth. Expected genetic gains from planting sites, along with estimates of clonal variance and repeatability of clonal means are generally greatest or close to the greatest when selection is done at the same site.

Download Full-text

UJI ADAPTASI ENAM KLON KARET DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT / The Adaptation Test of Six Rubber Clones in Tidal Swamps

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/littri.v24n2.2018.56-64 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Sahuri Sahuri

Keyword(s):

Growth Response ◽

Block Design ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Bark Thickness ◽

Average Yield ◽

Recommended Treatment ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Adaptation Test ◽

Tidal Swamps ◽

Latex Yield

Ideal land for growing rubber tree has increasingly limited. Hence farmers and companies were looking for alternative planting of rubber tree in non-conventional areas such as the land of tidal swamps. The study was conducted at Bangun Harjo Village, Air Sugihan Regency, Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District, South Sumatera Province, Indonesia from 2005 to 2014. The study was aimed to test the adaptability of six rubber clones in tidal swamps. The design used was a Randomized Block Design with rubber clones as treatment and three replications. Clones planted were IRR 39, IRR 118, IRR 220, PB 260, RRIC 100, dan BPM 24. In each treatment there were 40 rubber trees and 15 rubber trees as samples. The parameters observed were stem girth, bark thickness, and latex yield. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan Multiple Ranges Test (DMRT) at 5% levels. The results showed that rubber trees in tidal swamps would be able to mature tapping at the age of 60 month after planting (5 years) as long as using the recommended treatment. The growth of stems of each clone at the age of 12-60 month after planting in tidal land have different growth response. However, at the age of 60 BST the highest significant girth growth was IRR 39 (48.66 cm) while the lowest was the BPM 24 (44.17 cm) clone. The average yield per tree per taping (g/t/t) from 1st to 3rd years the highest was IRR 220 (26.23 g/t/t) and the lowest was IRR 39 (15.85 g/t/t). IRR 220 is adapted to tidal swamps.Keyword: Adaptability, rubber clones, tidal swamps, growth AbstrakLahan yang ideal untuk pertumbuhan tanaman karet semakin terbatas sehingga banyak petani dan perusahaan mencari lahan alternatif untuk pengembangan karet di daerah non-konvensional seperti lahan pasang surut. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Bangun Harjo, Kecamatan Air Sugihan, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI), Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dari tahun 2005 sampai 2014. Lokasi penelitian merupakan lahan pasang surut tipe luapan C ketinggian 10-15 meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Penelitian bertujuan menguji daya adaptasi enam klon karet pada lahan pasang surut. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan klon sebagai perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali. Klon yang diuji adalah IRR 39, IRR 118, IRR 220, PB 260, RRIC 100, dan BPM 24. Dalam setiap perlakuan terdapat 40 tanaman dan 15 tanaman sebagai contoh. Parameter yang diamati adalah lilit batang, tebal kulit, dan hasil lateks. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam, jika berbeda nyata diuji lanjut dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman karet pada lahan pasang surut dengan pemeliharaan sesuai anjuran mampu matang sadap pada umur 60 bulan setelah tanam (5 tahun). Pertumbuhan lilit batang masing-masing klon pada umur 12-60 bulan setelah tanam di lahan pasang surut memiliki respon pertumbuhan yang berbeda. Namun pada umur 60 bulan setelah tanam pertumbuhan lilit batang tertinggi adalah klon IRR 39 (48,66 cm) sedangkan yang terendah adalah klon BPM 24 (44,17 cm). Rata-rata hasil mulai TM1 sampai TM3 yang tertinggi adalah klon IRR 220 (26,23 g/ pohon/sadap) dan terendah adalah klon IRR 39 (15,85 g/pohon/sadap). Klon IRR 220 beradaptasi baik pada lahan pasang surut.Kata kunci: Adaptabilitas, hasil, klon karet, lahan pasang surut, pertumbuhan

Download Full-text

Waste management of pseudostem to increase the growth of banana seedlings

Acta Agronómica ◽

10.15446/acag.v69n3.84274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Domingues Lima ◽

Natália de Souza Bravo ◽

Danilo Eduardo Rozane ◽

Edson Suigueaki Nomura ◽

Silvia Helena Modenese Gorla da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

State University ◽

Paulo State ◽

Root Area ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Water Nutrients

Pseudostem is an abundant residue after harvesting of the banana bunch, serving as a source of water, nutrients and organic substances. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pseudostem waste on ‘Nanica’ banana (Musa spp. AAA) cultivar in greenhouse under contrasting environmental conditions. For this, an experiment was carried out in in the São Paulo State University -UNESP in a randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (presence or absence of waste and two seasons), consisting of four replicates of three experimental plots with two pots per plant. One season was early November/2018 (Summer) and the other half of May/2019 (Winter). A 40 cm portion of the pseudostem collected from of a freshly harvested plant was sectioned into 10 cm portions and placed under the substrate of the seedling-containing pot at both times. Periodically, height, pseudostem diameter and leaf emission were evaluated. After the release of leachate by the residue, plants were taken to the laboratory, and the area of leaves and roots, their respective masses, and the leaf nutrient content were determined. The nutritional composition of the residue was evaluated before being applied for both seasons. In summer, accumulated dry matter in the different organs, leaf area and root area was higher in the presence of the residue, while in winter, only root dry mass was higher (P < 0.01). The application of residue had a consistent effect on root growth, which can be exploited in the field.

Download Full-text

Germination and hardseedness of seeds in okra elite lines

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362010000200017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 232-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Luis Felipe V Purquerio ◽

Antonio A do Lago ◽

Francisco Antonio Passos

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Germination Test ◽

Paulo State ◽

Commercial Seed ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Days After Anthesis

The occurrence of hardseedness and the low percentage of seed germination are major challenges when growing okra. For this reason, five elite lines of okra developed at the Campinas Agronomic Institute (IAC), three with angular pods (lines 8.1, 20.1.2 and 47.1) and two with cylindrical pods (lines 13.1.2 and 20.1.R), were evaluated for seed quality and compared to two commercial seed samples (Horticeres Sementes and Sakata Seed Sudamerica) of cultivar Santa Cruz 47. Seeds were field produced in an experiment set in the Technological Park of the Horticulture Center of IAC, in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with three replications and 20-plant plots. Fruits were harvested 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 and 75 days after anthesis (DAA). Seeds were extracted straight away and subjected to the standard germination test in the laboratory. Observing the results, we concluded that, as far as seed quality is concerned, angular pods must be harvested earlier than cylindrical pods, more precisely 45 DAA to the line 47.1 and 45 to 55 DAA for lines 8.1 and 20.1.2. Seeds extracted from angular fruits harvested after these periods had reduced germination and increased hardseedness. Seeds from cylindrical capsules had the same behavior of the commercial seeds of cultivar Santa Cruz 47, showing better germination when extracted from pods harvested between 55 and 75 DAA, and no hardseedness.

Download Full-text

Agronomical performance and profitability of exploitation systems in four rubber tree clones in São Paulo state

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052010000400009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 843-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Juliano Quarteroli Silva ◽

Paulo de Souza Gonçalves ◽

João Alexio Scarpare Filho ◽

Reginaldo Brito da Costa

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Production Costs ◽

Total Production ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

São Paulo State

The exploitation or tapping of the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg. is one of the most important cultural practices in determining useful life, yield and accounts for a major part of the total production costs in rubber farming. The objective of this work was to evaluate yield performance and economic aspects of rubber tree clones submitted to diverse tapping systems. The trial was placed in Guararapes city, São Paulo State, Brazil, in a randomized block design with split-plot in time. The plots consisted of the IAN 873, PR 261, RRI M 600 and RRI M 701 clones. The tapping systems consisted the subplots, where: ½S = tapping of half spiral cut; d/2, d/3, d/4, d/5 and d/7 = tapping every 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 days, respectively; 11 m/y = tapping during eleven months per year; ET = ethephon (stimulant); Pa = panel application; La = lace application; 8/y = eight applications per year. The five experimental years were the sub-subplots and the ½S d/2 system was used as control. The analyzed variables were girth, dry rubber yield, tapping panel dryness and economic profitability. The ½S d/3 ET 2.5% and ½S d/4 ET 2.5% tapping systems provide the highest yield and profitability per hectare per year for the RRI M 600 and PR 261 clones. For the IAN 873 and RRI M 701 clones the yield superiority occurs in high tapping frequency; however the best profitability is obtained in the ½S d/7.ET 2.5% system.

Download Full-text

Genetic control of coppice regrowth in Eucalyptus spp.

Silvae Genetica ◽

10.2478/sg-2020-0002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 6-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcos Rafael Amâncio ◽

Fernanda Bortolanza Pereira ◽

João Gabriel Zanon Paludeto ◽

Amanda Roberta Vergani ◽

Odair Bison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Strategy ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Genotypic Correlation ◽

Paulo State ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

And Control ◽

Selection Of ◽

Normal Scale

AbstractForest companies prefer a coppice system as a silvicultural strategy owing to its economic and sustainability advantages compared to developing new plantations for second rotations. However, studies aiming to determine the selection of superior genetic material for this management strategy are scarce. In this study, we evaluated five clonal tests of Eucalyptus spp. located in Itatinga and Angatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, to determine the genetic correlations and control of productivity for regrowth management in two rotations. The volume (m3) and survival of the Eucalyptus spp. clonal tests were determined for the two rotations at 5.5 years of age. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with six replicates, five plants per plot, and unbalanced treatments. The heritability in the normal scale (\hat h_n^2) for the survival ranged from 0.056 to 0.11, the heritability in the broad sense (\hat h_g^2) ranged from 0.205 to 0.334, and the genotypic correlation was positive and high (0.71-0.86), and statistically significant to the genetic means for the two rotations. The ranking of the best clones in the second rotation was similar (76 %) to their ranking in the first selection. Thus, for the evaluated material, there was no need for the second measurement to obtain accurate selection when managing a coppice system.

Download Full-text

Bermudagrass Control in Sugarcane in Brazil

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2021/v43i1030741 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Lucas Carvalho Cirilo ◽

Antonio Luiz Cerdeira ◽

Andrea Aparecida De Padua Mathias Azania ◽

Lucas Ribeiro Beluci ◽

João Eduardo Brandão Boneti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sugar Cane ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Studies ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Second Stage ◽

Paulo State ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Aims: Evaluation of the chemicals in controlling bermudagrass weed and effects on sugarcane selectivity. Study Design: Chamber growth studies: completely randomized design with nine treatments with five replicates. Field studies: Randomized block design with nine treatments with five replicates Place and Duration of Study: Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Cana, São Paulo State, Brazil, between February/2018 and December/2019. Methodology: Bermudagrass chemical control was studied in growth chamber in pots. In the first stage, imazapyr, clomazone, indaziflam, sulfentrazone and the control treatment were studied. In the second stage, imazapyr, clomazone, indaziflam were applied and a treatment with no herbicides was maintained. After 75 days of imazapyr application and 38 days of clomazone and indaziflam, clomazone + indaziflam and clomazone + sulfentrazone were applied, in addition to the control treatment. Sugar cane selectivity study was carried out in the field. Before sugarcane planting, imazapyr, clomazone, indaziflam were applied. After planting, clomazone + indaziflam and clomazone + sulfentrazone were applied, in addition to the control treatment. Results: Clomazone at 1050.0 g ha-1 applied as pre plant at 38 days before planting followed by clomazone at 1050.0 g ha-1 plus sulfentrazone at 650.0 g ha-1 applied 2 days after sugar cane planting was the best treatment for bermudagrass control and yield of the crop. Other viable options for control involved clomazone plus sulfentrazone used after imazapyr or indaziflam.

Download Full-text

STIMULATION OF LATEX PRODUCTION IN SERINGUEIRA (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS L.) WITH ETRHEL DOSES

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882017000500011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Teles da Cruz ◽

Joseanny Cardoso da Silva Pereira ◽

Sara Raquel Mendonça

Keyword(s):

Positive Response ◽

Block Design ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Rubber Production ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Long Time ◽

Tapping Panel Dryness ◽

Latex Production ◽

Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The use of the Ethrel® stimulant on rubber cultivation has become essential to ensure greater rubber production. When applied on the cut of the tree, this stimulant releases the ethylene gas that causes an increase of the exudation period of the latex flow. Dilutions and applications should be performed correctly so that they do not cause tapping panel dryness, which would leave the plant unproductive for a long time. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of ethrel on tapping panel dryness and rubber production of rubber tree clones. Three experiments were conducted using a randomized block design with four treatments (ethrel doses) and three replicates. The clones used were RRIM600, PR255 and PB217 submitted to doses of the stimulant Ethrel 0%, 2.5%, 3.3% and 5% with an interval of application of 30 days. The d/7 bleeding system was used. The productive performance was evaluated monthly and the total of plants with tapping panel dryness at the end of the work. All clones presented a linear positive response to increasing doses. The dose of ethrel 5% favors higher rubber yields in the three evaluated clones, but is associated with high percentage of drying. Thus, it was concluded that the production of rubber is affected positively with the increase of ethrel doses, but this increase causes a higher incidence of panel drying. Thus, it is recommended to use the ethrel 2.5% dose so the production is guaranteed without causing the tapping panel dryness.

Download Full-text

Studies on Character Association and Genetic Divergence in White Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.)

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5437 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sayan Jana ◽

Nitesh Kumar ◽

Subhra Mukherjee ◽

Prabir Kumar Bhattacharyya ◽

Gouranga Sundar Mandal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Bark Thickness ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Corchorus Capsularis ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Correlation And Path Analysis

Background: In white jute, very limited success has been reported by researchers to break yield plateau due to the narrow genetic base of the genetic material available with the breeders. Evaluation of agronomic traits and information about genetic variance in the breeding population is essential for selection and in planning crosses to enhance the productivity and diversity in cultivars. Yield character components are inherited and each one accounts for variations in yield, hence interrelated with each other. The current investigation was done to measure the genetic variability and genetic diversity of white jute genotypes for characters and interrelationship that contribute to yield and fibre quality.Methods: In the present study, fifty-two white jute (C. capsularis L.) genotypes were assessed during the Pre-Kharif season of 2017 at the Teaching Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mandouri, Nadia, West Bengal. Plants were raised in randomized block design with three replications. Statistical analysis was done for the estimation of ANOVA variability, correlation and path analysis and genetic divergence.Result: Plant height and bark thickness with high heritability and high genetic advance were identified as important selection parameters. Plant height, bark thickness and green weight per plant had a significantly high positive correlation with dry fibre weight per plant both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Plant height had the highest contribution toward the dry fibre weight followed by bark thickness. Genotypes were grouped into 13 clusters and cluster I had the highest number of 23 genotypes. The inter-cluster distance was found maximum between cluster I and cluster VI. Cluster XI recorded the highest mean for the plant height. Ten genotypes identified from different clusters in this study can be incorporated as donors in hybridization to combine both yield and improved fibre quality.

Download Full-text

Innovation of Natural Preservation of Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Using Coconut Coconut Ashes with Drying Time Variations on Hedonics

Serambi Journal of Agricultural Technology ◽

10.32672/sjat.v2i2.2433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rika Agustina ◽

Rita Sunartaty ◽

Teuku Makmur

Keyword(s):

Research Design ◽

Block Design ◽

Drying Time ◽

Basic Ingredient ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Salt Substitute ◽

Long Time ◽

Time Variations ◽

Rastrelliger Kanagurta

Coconut frond ash is one of the wastes from coconut trees which has not been maximally utilized. Coconut frond ash contains MgCl2 and KCl so that it can be used as a salt substitute in the process of preserving fish. In this study coconut frond ash was used as a basic ingredient for making dried mackerel with a long time of drying to storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drying time on mackerel storage. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors studied. The first factor is the drying time consists of 3 levels, namely P1 = 3 days, P2 = 4 days, P3 = 5 days. The second factor is storage which consists of 3 levels, namely S1 = 30 days, S2 = 60 days, S3 = 90 days. Each treatment was repeated 2 times to obtain 18 experimental units to observed hedonic tests. From the results of the study it can be stated that the treatment has a very significant effect (P≥0.01) on the hedonic test which includes (color, aroma, taste and texture).

Download Full-text