scholarly journals Evolution of blood magnesium and phosphorus ion levels following thyroidectomy and correlation with total calcium values

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 268-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre de Andrade Sousa ◽  
José Maria Porcaro Salles ◽  
João Marcos Arantes Soares ◽  
Gustavo Meyer de Moraes ◽  
Jomar Rezende Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Postoperative Hypocalcemia ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Ionic Changes ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Plasma Phosphorus

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Magnesium ion concentration is directly related and phosphorus ion concentration is inversely related to calcemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of magnesium and phosphorus ion levels in patients undergoing thyroidectomy and correlate these with changes to calcium concentration. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study at the Alpha Institute of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. METHODS: The study included 333 patients, of both genders and mean age 45 ± 15 years, who underwent thyroidectomy between 2000 and 2005. Total calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were measured in the blood preoperatively and 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. Ionic changes were evaluated according to the presence or absence of postoperative hypocalcemia. RESULTS: There were statistically significant drops in blood phosphorus levels 24 and 48 hours after thyroidectomy, compared with preoperative values, in the patients without hypocalcemia. In the patients who developed hypocalcemia, there was a significant drop in plasma phosphorus on the first postoperative day and an increase (also statistically significant) on the second day, in relation to preoperative phosphorus levels. A significant drop in postoperative magnesium was also observed on the first and second days after thyroidectomy in the patients with hypocalcemia, in relation to preoperative levels. In the patients without hypocalcemia, the drop in magnesium was significant on the first day, but there was no difference on the second day. CONCLUSION: Despite the postoperative changes, neither magnesium nor phosphorus ion levels had any role in post-thyroidectomy calcemia.

Effect of pH on interaction of calcium ions with serum proteins

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Peterson ◽  
G. A. Feigen ◽  
J. M. Crismon
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Simple Linear Equation ◽  
Calcium Ion Concentration

A study has been made of the effect of pH on the dissociation of calcium proteinate in rabbit serum. Equations were derived from the experimental data which define a) the effect of serum pH on the McLean-Hastings dissociation constant for the dissociation of calcium proteinate; b) the relationship between the serum pH and the concentration of calcium which is ultrafiltrable; c) the effects of pH, total protein, and total calcium concentration on the change in calcium ion concentration (ultrafiltrable calcium) per unit change in pH. A simple, linear equation was derived from the data which gives serum ultrafiltrable calcium concentration in terms of pH, total protein, and total calcium concentration. A similar study on the dissociation of calcium proteinate was made on purified bovine serum albumin. The results obtained with this system were similar to those obtained on rabbit serum, but the scattering of the data in the case of the purified protein system was far less pronounced. The data on purified albumin was used to re-examine some of the relationships which were derived from the data on rabbit serum.

scholarly journals M.E.S. Abasaheb Garware College, Pune and Arts, Commerce and Science College, Lasalgaon

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
Sujata M. Kasabe ◽  
Bajirao B. Ahire
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Chemical Signalling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bone Calcium

During the last decade it became the subject of much attention by both scientists and the general public that in the biological system like many other inorganic elements calcium is the most important element. The central role of calcium is in mammalian bones and other mineralized tissues were recognised immediately after its discovery as an element by the scientist Davy in 1808. The insight arrived much later that calcium 2+ ions could play a very important role in other tissues as well. Nowadays, Ca2+ ions are widely recognised as central to a complex intracellular messenger system that is mediating a wide range of biological processes such as muscle contraction, secretion, glycolysis and glycogenesis, iron transport, cell division and growth [1–11]. In the case of mammals, the blood plasma in the Ca2+ Ion concentration exceeds the intracellular by factor of about 104 Ca2+ ions are instrumental in joining certain proteins in the blood clotting system with membrane surfaces of circulating cells. The stable isotopes of calcium are 40 Ca, 44 Ca, 42 Ca, 43 Ca, amid all 40 Ca is most abundant [12]. There are two main groups of experimental techniques for the measurement ofCa2+ion namely 1) Measurement of free calcium concentration. 2) Measurement of total calcium concentration. Approximately 1 kilogram of calcium is present in the human body of which more than 99% deposit is in the bone in the form of calcium phosphate [1]. The distribution of calcium 2+ Ion throughout the organism is demanded and should be made available where needed. In human beings, the blood plasma level of total calcium is kept constant (=2.45mM) within the narrow limits. On a cellular level the basal cytoplasmic calcium 2+concentration, at least in eukaryotic cells, is very low that is on the order of 100 nM. Whereas, at the same time the concentration of Ca2+ in certain organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria may be considerably higher [2,13]. Ca+ channels are regulated by chemical signalling, perhaps by hormones acting directly on the channel by small molecules released intracellularly when a hormone is attached to a membrane- bound receptor [lipard]. More than 99% of the calcium in the human body is in the bones and teeth. In bone, calcium provides the structural strength that allows the bone to support the body’s weight and anchor the muscles. Bone calcium also serves as a reservoir that can be tapped to maintain extracellular calcium concentration regardless of intake. Calcium differs from most other nutrients in that the body contains a substantial store, far in excess of short-term needs, but at the same time that store serves a critical structural role. Thus, the effects of calcium deficiency may escape notice for a considerable time, until they manifest as skeletal weakness or fractures. Deficiency of calcium bones becomes interstitial or brittle and osteoporosis gradually develops.

Effect of Hypocalcemia on Cardiac Function in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Neonates: Studies of Blood Ionized Calcium, Echocardiography, and Cardiac Effect of Intravenous Calcium Therapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550
Author(s):  
Pankaja S. Venkataraman ◽  
Don A. Wilson ◽  
Roger E. Sheldon ◽  
Radhakrishna Rao ◽  
Michael K. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Serum Total Calcium

Traditionally, in infants, a serum calcium value less than 7.0 mg/dL is considered to impair cardiac function. In very-low-birth-weight infants, we studied the hypotheses that decline in serum calcium to 6.0 mg/dL (1) would not impair cardiac function and (2) ionized calcium would remain greater than 3.0 mg/dL. We also evaluated the effect of calcium infusion on cardiac function. We studied 15 normokalemic and normonatremic infants whose birth weights were 822 to 1,450 g and were less than 32 weeks' gestation. When serum calcium declined to less than 6.0 mg/dL, 18 mg/kg of calcium as 5% calcium gluconate was infused for 10 minutes. Serum total calcium concentration, blood ionized calcium concentration, ECG, and M-mode echocardiogram were obtained on entry into the study, when the infants were hypocalcemic, immediately after treatment with calcium, and eight hours after treatment. Ionized calcium values were calculated based on serum total calcium and serum protein, and corrected calcium values were calculated based on serum total calcium, serum albumin, and blood pH. In all infants, serum calcium value declined to less than 7.0 and in eight infants to less than 6.0 mg/dL. Assessment of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, ejection fraction, left ventricular systolic time interval, right ventricular systolic time interval, fiber shortening index, and left ventricular mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening showed no significant alteration from baseline during hypocalcemia or in association with intravenous slow bolus infusion of 18 mg/kg of calcium. In association with a decline in serum total calcium to as low as 6.0 mg/dL, whole blood ionized calcium was maintained at more than 3.0 mg/dL. Serum total calcium and calculated ionized calcium values correlated significantly with measured blood ionized calcium concentrations; however, these measures were not reliable predictors of blood ionized calcium. We speculate that the hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia noted in these infants may result in relative protection of the blood ionized calcium in these infants. We suggest that in neonates with wide ranges in gestation, serum protein, and blood pH levels, total serum calcium and calculated ionized calcium values may be poor measures of derangement of calcium metabolism. Decline in total serum calcium concentration to 6.0 mg/dL was not associated with impaired cardiac function, and slow bolus calcium infusion in these hypocalcemic very-low-birth-weight infants neither improved nor impaired cardiac function.

Effect of Estrus Induction on Blood Biochemical and Mineral Profiles and Fertility Rate in Retained Fetal Membranes Affected and Normally Calved Riverine Buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Selvaraju ◽  
K. Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Background: Calving to conception interval is abnormally extended by the occurrence of retained fetal membranes (RFM) by altering the blood biochemical and mineral milieu in cows. Hence this experiment was conducted in RFM affected and normally calved (NC) buffaloes by inducing estrus with CIDR plus PGF2α protocol to study the blood biochemical and mineral profiles and to correlate them with fertility rate. Methods: Buffaloes (n=64) at 45-60 days postpartum including 32 treated for RFM and 32 NC from field were equally divided into groups I and II and groups III and IV, respectively. Buffaloes of groups I and III were initially dewormed and administered 35-50 g mineral mixture daily orally for 15 days in the concentrate feed. Then, buffaloes of all the groups were treated with CIDR plus PGF2α. After CIDR removal, all the buffaloes were artificially inseminated twice at 48 and 72 hrs. Blood was collected during different stages of treatment from all the buffaloes to assess the blood biochemical and mineral status. The animals returned to estrus following FTAI were again inseminated during subsequent estrus. Pregnancy diagnosis was done at 60 days post-AI and conception rates for induced estrus and overall of two cycles were calculated.Result: In all the groups, blood glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol and phosphorus levels increased from the time of selection to 10 days post-AI. There was an altered calcium phosphorus ratio in RFM affected buffaloes (1:1) at the time of selection. CIDR plus PGF2α protocol influenced the blood biochemical constituents and brought the calcium and phosphorus ratio as 2:1 and improved the fertility in riverine buffaloes. The overall conception rate was 62.50, 37.50, 87.50 and 75.00 per cent, in group I, II, III and IV buffaloes, respectively.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of nutritional vitamin D supplementation and selective vitamin D receptor agonists treatment on secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney diseases patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilit V. Egshatyan ◽  
Natalya G. Mokrisheva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Background: secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is an early complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maintaining the level of 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone concentrations in the target range reduce its associated complications (fractures and cardiovascular calcification). Aims: to examine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation and selective vitamin D receptor agonists treatment on SHPT in CKD. Material and methods: prospective observational study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D therapy SHPT in 54 in patients with CKD. The first phase (24 weeks) – treatment of suboptimal 25-hydroxycalciferol (25(OH)D) levels. The second (16 weeks) – treatment colecalciferol-resistant SHPT by combination of cholecalciferol with paricalcitol. Blood samples were taken to assess parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH)D, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus levels and calcium excretion. Results: After 8 weeks of cholecalciferol treatment all patients achieved 25(OH)D levels above 20 ng/ml, however 78% of patients still had SHPT. After 16 weeks, the decrease of PTH was achieved in all patients, but significantly only in patients with CKD 2 (19.2%, p< 0.01) and 3 (31%, p <0.05), compared with CKD 4 (17%, p >0.05). After 24 weeks of therapy, PTH normalized in all patients with CKD 2, in 15 (79%) with CKD 3 and in 9 (50%) patients with CKD 4. Cholecalciferol treatment resulted in a substantial increase in 25(OH)D levels with minimal or no impact on calcium, phosphorus levels and kidney function. After 24 weeks we initiated combination therapy (cholecalciferol and paricalcitol) for patients with colecalciferol-resistant SHPT (n=13). PTH levels decreased from 149.1±13.4 to 118.2±14.1 pg/ml at 8 weeks, and to 93.1±9.7 pg/ml (p <0.05) at 16 weeks of treatment. No significant differences in serum calcium, phosphorus or urinary calcium levels. Normalization of PTH was achieved in all patients with CKD 3 and in 8 patients with stage 4. One patient with CKD 4 needed an increase in paricalcitol dose. Conclusion: Cholecalciferol can be used in correcting vitamin D deficiency in patients with all stages of CKD, however, its effectiveness in reducing PTH in stage 4 is limited. Selective analogs, such as paricalcitol, were well-tolerated and effectively decreased PTH levels.

Binding of calcium by human plasma proteins under simulated physiologic conditions

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene R. Held ◽  
Smith Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Plasma Albumin

The binding of calcium to human plasma albumin, alpha, beta, and gamma globulins was studied with the aid of an ultracentrifuge. The amount of calcium bound to these separated proteins was determined in solutions with electrolyte concentrations and pH within physiological ranges. The total calcium concentration was 2.35–2.90 mm/liter H2O and the total protein concentration was 3.91–4.29 g/100 ml H2O. In these solutions no significant differences were found for the binding of calcium (expressed as mm Ca++ bound per gram protein) by albumin, alpha, and beta globulins; the average values obtained were, respectively, 0.016, 0.018, and 0.023. Significantly less calcium was bound by gamma globulin; 0.009 mm/gram. The pH was varied between 7.200–7.550 and the sodium chloride concentration between 114–157 mEq Na per liter. These changes did not measurably affect the amount of calcium bound to albumin. protein-bound calcium; ultracentrifugation and determination of protein-bound calcium; plasma globulin-bound calcium; plasma albumin-bound calcium Submitted on July 2, 1963

Magnesium, Total Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper, and Zinc in Plasma and Erythrocytes of Venous Cord Blood from Infants of Diabetic Mothers: Comparison with a Reference Group by Logistic Discriminant Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2002-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Speich ◽  
A Murat ◽  
J L Auget ◽  
B Bousquet ◽  
P Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Concentrations of magnesium (Mg), total calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were investigated in plasma (Pl) and erythrocytes (Erc) of venous cord blood of 44 infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). These same concentrations plus total glycohemoglobin and fructosamine were determined at delivery in a subset of 15 mothers of these infants. Mineral results for IDMs were compared with those for 66 apparently healthy newborns. The duration of gestation in the two groups was significantly different (P &lt; 0.001). After adjustment for gestational age, the mean (+/- SD) differences between groups were significant for birth weight, head circumference, Erc-Mg (1.71 +/- 0.17 for IDMs vs 1.76 +/- 0.15 mmol/L for control subjects), Pl-Ca (1.96 +/- 0.32 vs 2.48 +/- 0.22 mmol/L), Pl-P (1.99 +/- 0.40 vs 1.57 +/- 0.25 mmol/L), and Erc-Cu (10.9 +/- 2.41 vs 12.9 +/- 3.00 mumol/L), but not for Erc-Zn (33.0 +/- 18.3 vs 40.4 +/- 13.6 mumol/L). The variable that best discriminated between the two infant groups after adjustment for gestational age was Pl-Ca. In the 15 mothers, Pl-Mg (0.67 +/- 0.07 mmol/L) and Pl-Ca (1.66 +/- 0.21 mmol/L) concentrations were low, Pl-Zn (9.81 +/- 3.40 mumol/L) was normal, and Pl-Cu (33.5 +/- 10.7 mumol/L) was above normal. Correlations between total glycohemoglobin and mineral values of the mothers or paired IDM mineral values were not significant. The concentration of Pl-Ca was positively correlated with Erc-Cu (P &lt; 0.001) and Pl-Cu (P &lt; 0.05) in the comparison group newborns but not in the IDMs.

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