scholarly journals Available phosphorus levels in diets for pigs with high genetic potential for lean meat deposition kept in thermoneutral environment from 15 to 30 kg

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Alebrante ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Alysson Saraiva ◽  
Simone Eliza Facioni Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Randomized Block Design

It was used 72 pigs, 36 castrated males and 36 females, with initial weight of 14.97 ± 0.36 kg to evaluate levels of dietary available phosphorus (aP). The animals were distributed in a completely randomized block design, with six levels of aP (0.107; 0.214; 0.321; 0.428; 0.535 and 0.642%), six replicates and two animals (one castrated male and one female) per experimental unit. Air temperature and relative humidity in the room were kept at 24.5 ± 1.2°C and 76.3 ± 8.5%, respectively. The levels of aP influenced both daily feed intake and daily weight gain, which increased in a quadratic way up to the estimated levels of 0.420% and 0.443%, respectively and feed conversion, which improved in a quadratic manner up to the estimated level of 0.461%. It was observed the effects of levels of aP on quantity of phosphorus and ash in the bone, which increased in a quadratic manner up to the estimated levels of 0.525% and 0.520%, respectively. Levels of Ap affected daily protein deposition in the carcass, which increased in a quadratic way up to the estimated level of 0.394%. There was no effect of levels of aP on daily fat carcass deposition. Levels of aP that provided the best results for daily weight gain, feed conversion and bone mineralization in swines with high genetic potential for lean meat kept in thermoneutral environment, from 15 to 30 kg are 0.443, 0.461 and 0.525%, respectively, corresponding to estimated daily intakes of 5.25, 5.45 and 6.14 g of aP.

scholarly journals Sequences of digestible lysine for gilts from 60 to 148 days of age

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Veredino Louzada da Silva Júnior ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Alysson Saraiva ◽  
Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

The experiment was conducted to evaluate five nutritional plans based on sequences of standardized ileal digestible lysine: 0.90-0.80-0.70, 1.00-0.90-0.80, 1.10-1.00-0.90, 1.20-1.10-1.00, and 1.30-1.20-1.10% fed to gilts from 60 to 99, 129 to 100, and 130 to 148 days of age, respectively. Eighty commercial hybrid gilts, selected for lean gain, with initial weight of 23.46±0.27kg were allotted in a randomized block design, with five treatments, eight replicates, and two pigs per experimental unit. No effect (P>0.05) of the nutritional plans was verified on daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion. The nutritional plans had no influence (P>0.05) on any of the carcass traits evaluated (carcass yield, meat amount, and meat yield). The nutritional plan of 0.90-0.80-0.70% standardized ileal digestible lysine fed to gilts from 60 to 99, 100 to 129, and 130 to 148 days of age, respectively, meets the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirements of gilts from 60 to 148 days of age.

scholarly journals Levels of digestible methionine+cystine in diets for high genetic potential barrows from 95 to 125 kg

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício de Almeida Santos ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Levels

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of digestible methionine+cystine on performance and carcass composition of high genetic potential barrows for lean deposition. Sixty-four barrows with initial weight of 95.46 ± 1.09 kg were allotted to a completely randomized block design, with four levels of digestible methionine+cystine (0.427, 0.466, 0.504, and 0.545%, corresponding to the digestible methionine+cystine:digestible lysine ratios of 57.0, 62.0, 67.0 and 73.0%, respectively), with eight replicates, and two animals per experimental unit. Experimental diets and water were provided ad libitum until the end of the experimental period when pigs reached 125.21 ± 2.49 kg. Levels of digestible methionine+cystine did not affect daily intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion of the animals, but they affected daily intake of digestible methionine+cystine which increased linearly. Levels of digestible methionine+cystine did not affect carcass weight, meat amount, backfat thickness at P2, and daily meat deposition. The digestible methionine+cystine level of 0.427%, corresponding to the digestible methionine+cystine:lysine ratio of 57.0% and to a daily digestible methionine+cystine intake of 14.20 g/d, provides the best performance and carcass traits for high genetic potential barrows in the phase of 95 to 125 kg.

scholarly journals Lactose levels in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Pelição Molino ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Aloízio Soares Ferreira ◽  
Célia Alencar de Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Microbial Community ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Villous Height

With the objective of evaluating levels of lactose in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age, it was carried out an experiment with 72 animals, with average weight of 6.12 kg, distributed in a completely randomized block design with four diets (0, 4, 8, and 12% lactose), six replicates, and 3 animals per experimental unit. Animals were fed the experimental diets from 21 to 35 days of age and they were fed a lactose-free basal diet from 36 to 49 days of age. The lactose levels did not affect daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion of piglets from 21 to 35 days of age. The use of lactose levels in the diets also did not affect performance of the piglets assessed from 21 to 49 days old. Diets also did not influence villous height, crypt depth and villous:crypt ratio. Lactose resulted in greater diversity and balance of the intestinal microbial community. The Lactobalillus spp. richness increases with the addition of lactose in diet up to the level of 8% in relation to the total number of intestinal microorganisms, which may a possible improvement of intestinal health.

scholarly journals Environmental enrichment improves the performance and behavior of piglets in the nursery phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Oliveira ◽  
R.T.R.N. Soares ◽  
J.P. Molino ◽  
R.L. Costa ◽  
T.P. Bonaparte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Behavior

In modern pig farming, the search for systems that promote environmental quality and welfare is an important issue. In this sense, the present study evaluated the effects of environmental enrichment on the performance and behavior of piglets. In a completely randomized block design, 32 piglets (7.43kg mean weight), weaned at 28 days of age, were distributed into four treatments (control without enrichment, environmental enrichment with wood shavings as bedding; environmental enrichment with hanging toys and environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys). Four repetitions were performed for each treatment, with two animals per experimental unit. The instant scan sampling technique was used to record the behavior of each piglet for 20h. Animals receiving environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys were heavier at 70 days (P=0.02), exhibited higher total and daily weight gain (P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively) and better feed conversion (P=0.02). Environmental enrichment increased the interaction of animals with the environment, allowing them to exhibit natural behaviors.

scholarly journals Phosphorus on performance, hematological, biochemical, and bone parameters of growing pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Euclydes Drews ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
João Luís Kill ◽  
Lucas Lemke Lorenzoni ◽  
Rafael Bozini Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of available phosphorus (AP) in the diet of growing pigs selected for lean deposition on the hematological, biochemical, and bone performance parameters. A total of 64 commercial hybrid pigs (32 castrated males and 32 females; mean initial weight: 23.31±2.4kg; age: 55-90 days) were used. Animals were distributed into a randomized block design with four treatments, eight replicates, and two animals (one male and one female) per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet and another three diets, which were obtained by supplementing the basal diet with dicalcium phosphate replacing the inert phosphate, resulting in four diets with 0.100, 0.180, 0.260, and 0.340% of available phosphorus. The levels of available phosphorus quadratically influenced the daily weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion, which increased up to the estimated levels 0.331; 0.330, and 0.302% of available phosphorus. Levels of phosphorus showed no influence on the hematological parameters, which remained within the reference values. Levels of available phosphorus increased linearly the ash and phosphorus contents in the metacarpal bone and decreased linearly the alkaline phosphatase activity. Levels of available phosphorus (0.331 and 0.302%, corresponding to a daily intake of 5.73 and 5.18g d-1) provided respectively the best results for weight gain and feed conversion in pigs with high genetic potential, without change in hematological parameters.

scholarly journals Available phosphorus levels in diets for swine from 15 to 30 kg genetically selected for meat deposition

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysson Saraiva ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Abreu ◽  
Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

With the objective to evaluate available phosphorus levels in diets for swine genetically selected for meat deposition, sixty commercial hybrid pigs were used, being 30 castrate males and 30 females, with initial weight of 15.00 ± 0.41 kg, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with six treatments, five replications and two animals (1 male and 1 female) per experimental unit. The treatments were composed of a basal diet and other five diets obtained through basal diet supplementation with dicalcium phosphate to obtain six AP levels (0.114; 0.221; 0.328; 0.435; 0.542 and 0.649%). The available phosphorus levels promoted a linear increase in the daily feed intake. Daily weight gain and feed conversion showed a quadratic behavior according to AP levels, with the maximum response at 0.509 and 0.477% of AP in the diet, respectively. Bone strength and bone calcium and phosphorus contents also presented a quadratic behavior according to AP levels, with maximum response at 0.529; 0.619 and 0.596% of AP levels in the diet, respectively. There was no effect of the AP levels in the diets on the bone ash content. The best weight gain and feed conversion observe for castrated male and female pigs from 15 to 30 kg, genetically selected for meat deposition, is provided by 0.509 and 0.477% of available phosphorus levels, respectively, corresponding to daily intakes of 6.39 and 5.93 grams of available phosphorus.

scholarly journals Ractopamine in diets for finishing gilts

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Watanabe ◽  
M.C. Thomaz ◽  
L.A.F. Pascoal ◽  
U.S. Ruiz ◽  
E. Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Retail Cuts ◽  
Four Levels

An experiment was carried out using 468 gilts, with an initial weight of 84.77 ± 7.20 kg and allotted into 36 pens to evaluate the effect of the addition of ractopamine in the diets on performance, characteristics and yields of carcass comercial cuts, composition and retail cuts of ham. It was used a randomized block design with four levels of ractopamine (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg of diet) and nine replicates with 13 animals per experimental unit. The initial body weight of the animals was the criterion used to form the blocks. It was not observed any effects of levels of ractopamine on daily weight gain of the animals. Daily feed intake presented a linear reduction when the level of dietary ractopamine was increased. Feed conversion of the animals was linearly improved with the inclusion of ractopamine in the diet. Significant differences were verified at fat and meat proportions on the carcass and wholesale cuts. There was a decreasing linear effect caused by ractopamine on the quantity and depth of fat and a linear increasing effect on lean percentage, on ham meat and on the weights of semimembranosus and gluteus medius. Diets for finishing gilts should contain 15 mg/kg of ractopamine per kg.

scholarly journals Available phosphorus levels in diets for 30 to 60 kg female pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining calcium and available phosphorus ratio

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysson Saraiva ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Abreu ◽  
Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Hybrid Female ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

With the objective to evaluate levels of available phosphorus (aP) in diets for pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining the calcium and available phosphorus ratio, it was used 50 commercial hybrid female pigs with initial weight of 30.32 ± 0.29 kg, distributed in a complete randomized experimental design, with five treatments, five replicates, and two animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of a corn-soybean meal basal diet and four diets obtained by supplementation of basal diet with dicalcium phosphate, resulting in diets with 0.144; 0.224; 0.304; 0.384 and 0.464% of aP. Calcium levels were adjusted by varying the quantities of limestone in the diets. There was no effect of aP on both daily feed intake and feed conversion. Levels of aP affected daily weight gain which increased quadratically up to the estimated level of 0.372%. There was no effect of aP on quantity of phosphorus in the bones. The quantity of calcium in the bones and percentage of ash in the bones were influenced in an increasing linear way by the aP in the rations. The best result of weight gain of swine females, from 30 to 60 kg, genetically selected for meat deposition, is provided by the level of available phosphorus of 0.372%, which corresponds to a relationship with calcium of 2.06:1 and to a daily intake of 8.20 g of available phosphorus.

scholarly journals Chromium and energy restriction as substitutes for ractopamine in finishing gilts diet

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taynah Vieira Aguiar Farias ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Karina Marcia Ribeiro de Souza Nascimento ◽  
Anderson Corassa ◽  
Stephan Alexander da Silva Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated chromium supplements and energy restriction as substitutes for ractopamine in the diets of late finishing gilts. Sixty gilts were used, with initial weights of 98.87 ± 0.25 kg and final weights of 122.69 ± 10.97 kg, distributed in a randomized block design with five diets: control; yeast chromium (0.8 ppm); chromium picolinate (0.48 ppm); ractopamine (20 ppm) and energy restriction (reduction of 150 kcal of EM kg-1 of feed), with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Feeding diet containing ractopamine enabled better (P<0.05) feed conversion and greater weights of the hot carcass of the gilts. The diet containing ractopamine exhibited a lower (P<0.05) cost of feed per kilogram of gain and higher economic efficiency, when compared to diets containing chromium and energy restriction; these exhibited better outcomes, compared to the control diet. Diets supplemented with chromium and ractopamine resulted in a higher (P<0.05) percentage and quantity of lean meat and a higher rate of carcass bonus, when compared to the control diet and energy restriction. The energy reduction did not harm the gilts’ responses, compared to the control diet. Ractopamine supplementation allowed for a better feed conversion, lower feed cost per kilogram of gain, and a higher economic efficiency index. Supplements of chromium and ractopamine increased the percentage and quantity of lean meat and the bonus index of the carcasses. Therefore, chromium picolinate and chromium yeast are potential substitutes for ractopamine for optimizing the gilts carcass characteristics.

The Growth of Balinese Cows Which Getting Basic Ration of Spear Grass and Angsana Leaf Supplemented with Silk Tree Leaf

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Stefanus Sio ◽  
Hilarius Yosep Sikone ◽  
Charles Asar Usboko
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tree Leaf

The study had been conducted to find out the growth of Balinese cows which getting basic ration of spear grass (Heteropogoncontortus) and Angsana leaf that had been supplemented with Silk tree leaf (Paraserianthes falcataria L.). The study was using complete randomized block design with 4 ration treatments and 3 times repetition. Each repetition was using three Balinese cows. The weight of cows being used were in the range of: 83-181 kg. Basic ration being given was arranged based on the percentage of dry ingredients namely: 80% of spear grass + 20% of Angsana leaf (A), 80% of spear grass + 20% of Angsana leaf + 10% of silk tree leaf (B), 80% of spear grass + 20% of Angsana leaf + 15% of silk tree leaf (C), and  80% of spear grass + 20% of Angsana leaf + 20% of silk tree leaf (D), The variables being measured were: dry ingredients consumption, nutrients consumption, body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio. The result of study showed that with administration of 20% of silk tree leaf in basic ration was significantly improving (P< 0.05) the consumption of dry ingredients and nutrient, and daily weight gain. The result of study concluded that with administration of silk tree leaf in basic ration of spear grass and Angsana leaf increased the growth of Balinese ox.

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