scholarly journals Environmental enrichment improves the performance and behavior of piglets in the nursery phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Oliveira ◽  
R.T.R.N. Soares ◽  
J.P. Molino ◽  
R.L. Costa ◽  
T.P. Bonaparte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Behavior

In modern pig farming, the search for systems that promote environmental quality and welfare is an important issue. In this sense, the present study evaluated the effects of environmental enrichment on the performance and behavior of piglets. In a completely randomized block design, 32 piglets (7.43kg mean weight), weaned at 28 days of age, were distributed into four treatments (control without enrichment, environmental enrichment with wood shavings as bedding; environmental enrichment with hanging toys and environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys). Four repetitions were performed for each treatment, with two animals per experimental unit. The instant scan sampling technique was used to record the behavior of each piglet for 20h. Animals receiving environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys were heavier at 70 days (P=0.02), exhibited higher total and daily weight gain (P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively) and better feed conversion (P=0.02). Environmental enrichment increased the interaction of animals with the environment, allowing them to exhibit natural behaviors.

scholarly journals Sequences of digestible lysine for gilts from 60 to 148 days of age

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Veredino Louzada da Silva Júnior ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Alysson Saraiva ◽  
Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

The experiment was conducted to evaluate five nutritional plans based on sequences of standardized ileal digestible lysine: 0.90-0.80-0.70, 1.00-0.90-0.80, 1.10-1.00-0.90, 1.20-1.10-1.00, and 1.30-1.20-1.10% fed to gilts from 60 to 99, 129 to 100, and 130 to 148 days of age, respectively. Eighty commercial hybrid gilts, selected for lean gain, with initial weight of 23.46±0.27kg were allotted in a randomized block design, with five treatments, eight replicates, and two pigs per experimental unit. No effect (P>0.05) of the nutritional plans was verified on daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion. The nutritional plans had no influence (P>0.05) on any of the carcass traits evaluated (carcass yield, meat amount, and meat yield). The nutritional plan of 0.90-0.80-0.70% standardized ileal digestible lysine fed to gilts from 60 to 99, 100 to 129, and 130 to 148 days of age, respectively, meets the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirements of gilts from 60 to 148 days of age.

scholarly journals Available phosphorus levels in diets for pigs with high genetic potential for lean meat deposition kept in thermoneutral environment from 15 to 30 kg

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Alebrante ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Alysson Saraiva ◽  
Simone Eliza Facioni Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Randomized Block Design

It was used 72 pigs, 36 castrated males and 36 females, with initial weight of 14.97 ± 0.36 kg to evaluate levels of dietary available phosphorus (aP). The animals were distributed in a completely randomized block design, with six levels of aP (0.107; 0.214; 0.321; 0.428; 0.535 and 0.642%), six replicates and two animals (one castrated male and one female) per experimental unit. Air temperature and relative humidity in the room were kept at 24.5 ± 1.2°C and 76.3 ± 8.5%, respectively. The levels of aP influenced both daily feed intake and daily weight gain, which increased in a quadratic way up to the estimated levels of 0.420% and 0.443%, respectively and feed conversion, which improved in a quadratic manner up to the estimated level of 0.461%. It was observed the effects of levels of aP on quantity of phosphorus and ash in the bone, which increased in a quadratic manner up to the estimated levels of 0.525% and 0.520%, respectively. Levels of Ap affected daily protein deposition in the carcass, which increased in a quadratic way up to the estimated level of 0.394%. There was no effect of levels of aP on daily fat carcass deposition. Levels of aP that provided the best results for daily weight gain, feed conversion and bone mineralization in swines with high genetic potential for lean meat kept in thermoneutral environment, from 15 to 30 kg are 0.443, 0.461 and 0.525%, respectively, corresponding to estimated daily intakes of 5.25, 5.45 and 6.14 g of aP.

scholarly journals Levels of digestible methionine+cystine in diets for high genetic potential barrows from 95 to 125 kg

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício de Almeida Santos ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Levels

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of digestible methionine+cystine on performance and carcass composition of high genetic potential barrows for lean deposition. Sixty-four barrows with initial weight of 95.46 ± 1.09 kg were allotted to a completely randomized block design, with four levels of digestible methionine+cystine (0.427, 0.466, 0.504, and 0.545%, corresponding to the digestible methionine+cystine:digestible lysine ratios of 57.0, 62.0, 67.0 and 73.0%, respectively), with eight replicates, and two animals per experimental unit. Experimental diets and water were provided ad libitum until the end of the experimental period when pigs reached 125.21 ± 2.49 kg. Levels of digestible methionine+cystine did not affect daily intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion of the animals, but they affected daily intake of digestible methionine+cystine which increased linearly. Levels of digestible methionine+cystine did not affect carcass weight, meat amount, backfat thickness at P2, and daily meat deposition. The digestible methionine+cystine level of 0.427%, corresponding to the digestible methionine+cystine:lysine ratio of 57.0% and to a daily digestible methionine+cystine intake of 14.20 g/d, provides the best performance and carcass traits for high genetic potential barrows in the phase of 95 to 125 kg.

scholarly journals Ractopamine in diets for finishing gilts

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Watanabe ◽  
M.C. Thomaz ◽  
L.A.F. Pascoal ◽  
U.S. Ruiz ◽  
E. Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Retail Cuts ◽  
Four Levels

An experiment was carried out using 468 gilts, with an initial weight of 84.77 ± 7.20 kg and allotted into 36 pens to evaluate the effect of the addition of ractopamine in the diets on performance, characteristics and yields of carcass comercial cuts, composition and retail cuts of ham. It was used a randomized block design with four levels of ractopamine (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg of diet) and nine replicates with 13 animals per experimental unit. The initial body weight of the animals was the criterion used to form the blocks. It was not observed any effects of levels of ractopamine on daily weight gain of the animals. Daily feed intake presented a linear reduction when the level of dietary ractopamine was increased. Feed conversion of the animals was linearly improved with the inclusion of ractopamine in the diet. Significant differences were verified at fat and meat proportions on the carcass and wholesale cuts. There was a decreasing linear effect caused by ractopamine on the quantity and depth of fat and a linear increasing effect on lean percentage, on ham meat and on the weights of semimembranosus and gluteus medius. Diets for finishing gilts should contain 15 mg/kg of ractopamine per kg.

scholarly journals Lactose levels in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Pelição Molino ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Aloízio Soares Ferreira ◽  
Célia Alencar de Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Microbial Community ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Villous Height

With the objective of evaluating levels of lactose in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age, it was carried out an experiment with 72 animals, with average weight of 6.12 kg, distributed in a completely randomized block design with four diets (0, 4, 8, and 12% lactose), six replicates, and 3 animals per experimental unit. Animals were fed the experimental diets from 21 to 35 days of age and they were fed a lactose-free basal diet from 36 to 49 days of age. The lactose levels did not affect daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion of piglets from 21 to 35 days of age. The use of lactose levels in the diets also did not affect performance of the piglets assessed from 21 to 49 days old. Diets also did not influence villous height, crypt depth and villous:crypt ratio. Lactose resulted in greater diversity and balance of the intestinal microbial community. The Lactobalillus spp. richness increases with the addition of lactose in diet up to the level of 8% in relation to the total number of intestinal microorganisms, which may a possible improvement of intestinal health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different corn textures in dry grain or silage forms for piglets from 7 to 15 kg

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1757-1761
Author(s):  
José Vieira Neto ◽  
Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
Ensilage Corn

The objective of this study was to evaluate different textures and storage forms of corn in piglet diets. Two experiments were conducted, one of which tested digestibility of nutrients and the other diet performance. In the digestibility trial, 24 crossbred (Landrace X Large White) barrows with an initial weight of 18.7 ± 1.5 kg were used. They were kept in metabolic cages in a randomized block design using the factorial arrangement 2 X 2 (type of corn - dent and flint X type of storage - moist grain silage and dry grain) and six replicates, with one animal as the experimental unit. The values of metabolizable energy (ME) obtained were 3841 kcal of ME/kg of dry matter (DM) from dry corn, 3912 kcal of ME/kg of DM from moist corn, 4022 kcal of DM from ensiled dry corn and 3928 kcal of ME/kg of DM from ensiled humidity corn. The ensilage process increases the digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein and increases the digestible energy of the diets, independent of the process form. The type of corn did not influence these variables. In the performance trial, 60 barrows (initial weight of 6.5 ± 1.5 kg) of the same stock were used during 28 days of post-weaning distributed in the same experimental design, with five replicates and three animals as the experimental unit. The treatments did not influence the daily weigh gain or the daily feed intake. The dentate corn and the ensilage process decreased the feed conversion of the independent form (no significant interaction). The substitution of dry for ensilage corn increased the digestibility of the nutrients in the diets and the feed conversion of the piglets from 7 to 15 kg. Dentate corn promotes best feed conversion in this phase.

scholarly journals Effect of diets with different levels of guanidinoacetic acid on newly weaned piglets

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Andrade Teixeira ◽  
Alessandra Gimenez Mascarenhas ◽  
Heloisa Helena de Carvalho Mello ◽  
Emmanuel Arnhold ◽  
Patrícia Da Silva Assunção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Blood Creatinine

Ninety barrow piglets weaned at 21 days old were used to evaluate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on their performance and blood creatinine and creatine kinase (CK) levels during the nursery phase (21 to 63 days old). The piglets were distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% GAA inclusion), six repetitions, and three animals per repetition. The experimental rations were formulated to meet the nutritional requirements for the phases of 21 to 32, 33 to 42 and 43 to 63 days of age. The experimental diets and water were offered ad libitum throughout the experimental period. At 42 and 63 days old, blood was collected from one animal in each experimental unit for creatinine and creatine kinase analysis. The analysed variables were daily weight gain (DFG), daily feed intake (DFI), and feed conversion (FC) in the 21 to 42 days old and 21 to 63 days old of the nursery phase. All variables were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. We adopted ? = 0.05, and considered a trend to be present when ? was between 0.05 and 0.10. In the pre-initial period (21 to 42 days old), there was an increasing trend in daily weight (P = 0.069), which increased to the level of 0.97% of GAA inclusion. The DFI and FC were not significantly affected by the addition of different GAA levels in the diet. Creatinine levels in the blood at 42 and 63 days old were not significantly influenced by the treatments. The level of CK at 42 days old showed an increasing trend (P = 0.077) that occurred quadratically to the level of 0.085% of GAA inclusion, with no significant difference for this variable at 63 days old. The use of GAA did not promote improvements in performance or blood creatinine and CK levels in piglets in the nursery phase.

scholarly journals Physiological Parameters of Pigs Raised with and without Environmental Enrichment

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Carlos Syllas Monteiro Luz ◽  
Leonardo Atta Farias ◽  
José Luiz Leonardo Araujo Pimenta ◽  
Joisiane Da Silva Santos ◽  
Richard Átila De Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Morning Shift

Ethical and commercial issues are associated with animal welfare in pig farming, in that sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate physiological and blood parameters in addition to weight gain in pigs raised with and without sunlight and environmental enrichment (EE), as well as to correlate physiological and environmental parameters as welfare indicators. Twenty-four pigs distributed in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were used. Blocks were represented by shifts (morning and afternoon), and factors by the presence or absence of EE and sunlight. Blood and environmental parameters of thermal comfort, in addition to weight gain, were registered. Physiological parameters showed to be shift dependent (p < 0.05), with the afternoon shift being superior when compared to the morning shift, thus indicating climate influence. Weight gain showed significant interactions (p < 0.05) in the presence and absence of sunlight and EE in the stalls. Temperature correlated positively with the physiological parameters. Moisture showed negative correlations with physiological parameters. The packed cell volume was lower (p < 0.05) in the presence of EE. The EE provides physiological well-being and weight gain for pigs in the nursery stage, especially when sunlight was absent in the stalls.

scholarly journals Effects of glutamine and glutamate on nursery piglets fed diets with different digestible lysine content

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3919-3930
Author(s):  
Maykelly da Silva Gomes ◽  
◽  
Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior ◽  
Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Ronaldo Lopes Cunha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Better Than

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine and glutamate (Gln/Glu) on the growth performance and immune response of nursery pigs fed different digestible lysine content. Two hundred and sixteen piglets, weaned at 21 days old, were assigned to a randomized block design according to their initial body weight (BW), in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of lysine (control-lys and low-lys) and two levels of Gln/Glu (0 and 12 g kg-1), with nine replicates. At 26 d, piglets consuming the low-lys diet not supplemented with Gln/Glu presented a higher (P < 0.01) incidence of diarrhea than the other treatments. From 21 to 32 d of age, the piglets fed the control-lys diets performed better than those fed low-lys diets (P < 0.01). From 21 to 42 d of age, there was a correlation (P < 0.01) between lysine level and Gln/Glu supplementation for average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion (FC). Gln/Glu supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the ADFI of pigs fed the low-lys diets, resulting in a higher (P < 0.01) average daily weight gain (ADG) and BW; however, worse (P < 0.05) FC. Piglets consuming control-lys diets had higher (P < 0.05) serum urea nitrogen concentration (SUN) and IgG than low-lys piglets. In addition, Gln/Glu supplementation correlated with higher (P < 0.01) SUN. Dietary supplementation of glutamine and glutamate improved the growth performance of weaned piglets from 21 to 42 days of age, regardless of the diets’ lysine levels. In addition, reducing lysine levels 10% below the requirement negatively affects the growth performance and the immune response of nursery piglets.

scholarly journals Ractopamine levels for finishing barrows maintained in heat stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1523-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josilene Figueiredo Sanches ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Alfredo Sampaio Carrijo ◽  
Mariana Souza de Moura ◽  
Elizangela Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Four Levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, quantitative characteristics of carcass, and visceral responses of barrows maintained on heat stress enviroment and fed diets supplemented with ractopamine. It was used 48 animals with initial weight of 67.3 ± 3.8 kg, distributed in a randomized block design with four levels of ractopamine (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), each one with six replicates with two animals each. The experimental period lasted 28 days. Air temperature was 31.8 ± 2.0ºC, air humidity was 72.6 ± 10.2% and BGHI was 82.7 ± 2.8. Daily feed intake was not affect by the levels of ractopamine but they improved feed conversion and increased daily weight gain and final weight of the animals. The carcass quantitative characteristics were not affected by levels of ractopamine. The weights of the liver and kidneys showed linear increases accordingly to increase of ractopamine levels in the diet whereas weight of other organs and length of small intestine were not affected by supplementation with ractopamine. The optimum level of ractopamine for the best performance of barrows under heat stress is 20 mg/kg and it does not affect the quantitative characteristics of carcass.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document