scholarly journals Comparison of Nature and Synthetic Zeolite for Waste Battery Electrolyte Treatment in Fixed-Bed Adsorption Column

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Cong Yang ◽  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Abdullatif Alfutimie
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Battery Electrolyte

To support a sustainable energy development, CO2 reduction for carbon neutralization and water-splitting for hydrogen economy are two feasible technical routes, both of which require a significant input of renewable energies. To efficiently store renewable energies, secondary batteries will be applied in great quantity, so that a considerable amount of energy needs to be invested to eliminate the waste battery electrolyte pollution caused by heavy metals including Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+. To reduce this energy consumption, the removal behaviors of these ions by using clinoptilolite and zeolite A under 5, 7 and 10 BV h−1 in a fixed-bed reactor were investigated. The used zeolites were then regenerated by a novel NH4Cl solution soaking, coupled with the ultrasonication method. Further characterizations were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption and desorption test, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The adsorption breakthrough curves revealed that the leaching preference of clinoptilolite was Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+, while the removal sequence for zeolite A was Zn2+ > Cu2+ > Pb2+. The maximum removal percentage of Zn2+ ions for clinoptilolite under 5 BV h−1 was 21.55%, while it was 83.45% for zeolite A. The leaching ability difference was also discussed combining with the characterization results. The fact that unit cell stayed the same before and after the regeneration treatment approved the efficacy of the regeneration method, which detached most of the ions while doing little change to both morphology and crystallinity of the zeolites. By evaluating the pH and conductivity changes, the leaching mechanisms by adsorption and ion exchange were further studied.

scholarly journals Deactivation Model Study of High Temperature H2S Wet-Desulfurization by Using ZnO

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8019
Author(s):  
Arda Hatunoglu ◽  
Alessandro Dell’Era ◽  
Luca Del Zotto ◽  
Andrea Di Carlo ◽  
Erwin Ciro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Deactivation Model ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Before And After

High-temperature desulfurization techniques are fundamental for the development of reliable and efficient conversion systems of low-cost fuels and biomass that answer to the nowadays environmental and energy security issues. This is particularly true for biomass gasification coupled to SOFC systems where the sulfur content has to be minimized before being fed to the SOFC. Thus, commercially available zinc oxide has been studied and characterized as a desulfurizing agent in a fixed-bed reactor at high temperatures from 400 °C to 600 °C. The sorbent material was characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, and EDS analyses before and after adsorption. The sorbent’s sorption capacity has been evaluated at different temperatures, as well as the breakthrough curves. Moreover, the kinetic parameters as the initial sorption rate constant k0, the deactivation rate constant kd, and the activation energy have been calculated using the linearized deactivation model. The best performances have been obtained at 550 °C, obtaining a sorption capacity of 5.4 g per 100 g of sorbent and a breakthrough time of 2.7 h. These results can be used to extend ZnO desulfurization techniques to a higher temperature than the ones used today (i.e., 550 °C with respect to 400 °C).

The Performance of Regeneration for Modified Semi-Coke Supported (Fe, Zn, ce) Sorbents

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1140-1144
Author(s):  
Jie Mi ◽  
Meng Yu ◽  
Su Li Shang
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sulfur Capacity ◽  
Hot Gas Desulfurization

In this study, the regeneration behavior of modified semi-coke supported (Fe, Zn, Ce) sorbents were investigated using a fixed bed reactor. The effects of the regeneration temperature, space velocity and oxygen concentration have been considered in order to obtain suitable regeneration conditions. The most suitable regeneration conditions were obtained including 650°C regeneration temperature, 4vol.% of oxygen content and 4000h-1 of space velocity. Typical properties of the sorbents before and after regeneration were characterized using XRD and BET methods. Then the sorbents were tested 3 cycle experiments of desulfurization and regeneration for the purpose of duration test. The breakthrough curves changed slightly and the sulfur capacity only decreased 14.2%, it proved that the sorbents had good regenerability, which implied that the sorbents could be used for hot gas desulfurization.

scholarly journals Production of CO2 in crude oil bioremediation in clay soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro José Baptista ◽  
Magali Christe Cammarota ◽  
Denize Dias de Carvalho Freire
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in clay soil a 45-days experiment. The experiment was conducted using an aerobic fixed bed reactor, containing 300g of contaminated soil at room temperature with an air rate of 6 L/h. The growth medium was supplemented with 2.5% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 and 0.035% (w/w) KH2PO4. Biodegradation of the crude oil in the contaminated clay soil was monitored by measuring CO2 production and removal of organic matter (OM), oil and grease (OandG), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), measured before and after the 45-days experiment, together with total heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial count. The best removals of OM (50%), OandG (37%) and TPH (45%) were obtained in the bioreactors in which the highest CO2 production was achieved.

Pilot Scale Continuous Adsorption of Soluble Oil Wastewater by Modified Sugarcane Bagasse with Al2(SO4)3 as Adsorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Toungrat Janpattanapong ◽  
Kowit Piyamongkala ◽  
Von Louie R. Manguiam
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Continuous Adsorption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Uptake ◽  
Oil Wastewater

The modified sugarcane bagasse with aluminum sulfate was used as an adsorbent for the removal of soluble oil wastewater. The effects of the flow rate, 5 and 10 cm3/min and the number of columns used were thoroughly investigated in a continuous up-flow adsorption process. At the flow rate of 5 cm3/min respected to the 2nd column, the highest breakthrough point to adsorb soluble oil wastewater was at 6 hrs. The results confirmed that the modified sugarcane bagasse can be used as an adsorbent for fixed-bed continuous adsorption of soluble oil wastewater from steel pipe factory. The breakthrough curves were predicted by Yoon-Nelson model. This model may be fitted to predict the overall breakthrough curve using the experimental data gathered. In addition, the significant uptake of the soluble oil wastewater was demonstrated by the changes in the heat of combustion of the modified sugarcane bagasse before and after the adsorption process.

Modeling NOx Adsorption onto Fe/ZSM-5 Catalysts in a Fixed Bed Reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxing Cheng ◽  
Xiaotao T. Bi
Keyword(s):  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Axial Dispersion ◽  
No Oxidation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Nox Adsorption

Abstract A NOx adsorption kinetic model including NO oxidation and adsorption was developed. The NOx and O2 adsorption experimental data from a fixed bed were found to be fitted well to the Freundlich type isotherm. An axial dispersion adsorption model was then developed to simulate the breakthrough curve for NOx adsorption in the fixed bed. The model parameters including mass transfer coefficient and axial dispersion coefficient were fitted from the NOx breakthrough curves measured in a fixed bed. This model can be used for design and scale-up of fixed bed NOx adsorption columns. It can also be extended for the modeling of NOx adsorption in the annulus region of the circulating fluidized bed reactor for catalytic reduction of NOx.

Mercury Sorption on Chitosan

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Campos ◽  
Eric Guibal ◽  
Francisco Peirano ◽  
M. Ly ◽  
Holger Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Continuous Systems ◽  
Maximum Sorption

Mercury sorption on chitosan was investigated in batch and continuous systems. Chitosan sorption properties were determined through sorption isotherms. Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used for the modeling of isotherms at pH 5. In batch systems, maximum sorption capacities reached 550 mg Hg/g. Sorption kinetics have been studied as a function of sorbent particle size and stirring rate. Dynamic removal of mercury was tested in a fixed bed reactor investigating the following parameters: particle size, column size, flow velocity and metal ion concentration. Clark and Adams-Bohart models were evaluated for the simulation of breakthrough curves. This study shows that chitosan is an effective sorbent for the treatment and recovery of mercury from dilute effluents at near neutral pH.

scholarly journals FOTODEGRADASI METHYL ORANGE DALAM REAKTOR FIXED BED BATU APUNG-SEMEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Yuningrat ◽  
N. Retug ◽  
I.M. Gunamantha
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pumice Stone ◽  
Steel Mold ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reaction Constant ◽  
Methyl Orange Concentration

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik batu apung dan semen yang digunakan sebagai bed dalam reaktor fixed bed dan efektivitasnya dalam mendegradasi methyl orange akibat pengaruh pH larutan dan sinar dalam sistem reaksi. Bed yang digunakan adalah batu apung berukuran kecil dengan perekatan semen dalam cetakan stainless steel berukuran 5x16x16 cm. Fotodegradasi methyl orange dijalankan pada pH larutan 7 dan diberikan sinar 2 buah lampu UV Sankyo Denky FT10T8BLB FL10BLB 10 W 325 nm selama 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 dan 7 jam. Methyl orange disirkulasi pada temperatur kamar dari tangki penampungan menuju reaktor fixed bed menggunakan pompa dengan debit sebesar 6,89 mL/detik. Batu apung dan semen yang digunakan sebagai bed dianalisis bentuk dan unsur yang dikandungnya dengan menggunakan SEM EDX. Konsentrasi methyl orange sebelum dan setelah proses fotodegradasi diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV Visibel Shimadzu 1240. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa batu apung memiliki bentuk yang tidak beraturan dengan kandungan unsur tertinggi berupa Si sedangkan semen yang digunakan sebagai perekat memiliki bentuk seperti butiran yang homogen dengan kandungan unsur tertinggi Ca. Fotodegradasi methyl orange berjalan optimum pada pH 3 untuk waktu penyinaran 7 jam sebesar 40,37%. Degradasi methyl orange berlangsung efektif dengan adanya sinar dibandingkan tanpa penyinaran. Reaksi fotodegradasi methyl orange mengikuti kinetika reaksi orde satu semu dengan nilai k sebesar 0,0378 jam-1. Kata kunci : batu apung-semen, fotodegradasi, methyl orange, reaktor fixed bed Abstract The objectives of this research were to know the characterization of pumice stone and cement used in fixed bed reactor. The fixed bed used was made from pumice stone with a gluing cement in 5x16x16 cm stainless steel mold. Methyl orange photodegradation were carried out with pH 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,and 14 and irradiated by 2 lamps of UV Sankyo Denky FT10T8BLB FL10BLB 10 W 325 nm for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 hours. Methyl orange was circulated at room temperature from its reservoir to fixed bed reactor by a pump with 6.89 mL/s. Pumice stone and cement were analyzed by SEM EDX to know its characterization. Methyl orange concentration before and after photodegradation were measured by UV Visible Spectrophotometer Shimadzu 1240. The result showed that pumice stone has irreguler shape with the highest material is Si and cement has homogeneous granule with the highest material is Ca. The best fotodegradation of methyl orange with UV irradiation at pH 3. Methyl orange photodegradation follows pseudo first order kinetics with reaction constant 0,0378 hour-1. Keywords : fixed bed reactor, methyl orange, pumice stone-cement, photodegradation

scholarly journals Alternative Materials for the Enrichment of Biogas with Methane

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7759
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Bałys ◽  
Ewelina Brodawka ◽  
Grzegorz Stefan Jodłowski ◽  
Jakub Szczurowski ◽  
Marta Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rich Mixture ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Breakthrough Experiments ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

Carbonaceous adsorbents have been pointed out as promising adsorbents for the recovery of methane from its mixture with carbon dioxide, including biogas. This is because of the fact that CO2 is more strongly adsorbed and also diffuses faster compared to methane in these materials. Therefore, the present study aimed to test alternative carbonaceous materials for the gas separation process with the purpose of enriching biogas in biomethane and to compare them with the commercial one. Among them was coconut shell activated carbon (AC) as the adsorbent derived from bio-waste, rubber tire pyrolysis char (RPC) as a by-product of waste utilization technology, and carbon molecular sieve (CMS) as the commercial material. The breakthrough experiments were conducted using two mixtures, a methane-rich mixture (consisting of 75% CH4 and 25% CO2) and a carbon dioxide-rich mixture (containing 25% CH4 and 75% CO2). This investigation showed that the AC sample would be a better candidate material for the CH4/CO2 separation using a fixed-bed adsorption column than the commercial CMS sample. It is worth mentioning that due to its poorly developed micropore structure, the RPC sample exhibited limited adsorption capacity for both compounds, particularly for CO2. However, it was observed that for the methane-rich mixture, it was possible to obtain an instantaneous concentration of around 93% CH4. This indicates that there is still much potential for the use of the RPC, but this raw material needs further treatment. The Yoon–Nelson model was used to predict breakthrough curves for the experimental data. The results show that the data for the AC were best fitted with this model.

scholarly journals Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol over Pd–Co and Pd–Fe Catalysts: Deactivation and Regeneration

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Nga Tran ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura ◽  
Thanh Trinh ◽  
Anita Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Coke Formation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Co Catalyst ◽  
Fe Catalyst ◽  
Coke Deposit ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fe Catalysts

In bio-oil upgrading, the activity and stability of the catalyst are of great importance for the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process. The vapor-phase HDO of guaiacol was investigated to clarify the activity, stability, and regeneration ability of Al-MCM-41 supported Pd, Co, and Fe catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor. The HDO experiment was conducted at 400 °C and 1 atm, while the regeneration of the catalyst was performed with an air flow at 500 °C for 240 min. TGA and XPS techniques were applied to study the coke deposit and metal oxide bond energy of the catalysts before and after HDO reaction. The Co and Pd–Co simultaneously catalyzed the CArO–CH3, CAr–OH, and multiple C–C hydrogenolyses, while the Fe and Pd–Fe principally catalyzed the CAr–OCH3 hydrogenolysis. The bimetallic Pd–Co and Pd–Fe showed a higher HDO yield and stability than monometallic Co and Fe, since the coke formation was reduced. The Pd–Fe catalyst presented a higher stability and regeneration ability than the Pd–Co catalyst, with consistent activity during three HDO cycles.

The Effect of Regeneration Conditions on the Properties of CeO2 Desulfurization Sorbent in SO2 Atmosphere

2017 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Shang Guan Ju ◽  
Hui Qing Wang ◽  
Jia An ◽  
Jun Ming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Regeneration Condition ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Scanning Electron

CeO2 desulfurization sorbent was prepared by calcination of Ce(NO3)3 ● 6H2O and the effect of regeneration conditions on its properties in SO2 atmosphere was investigated in a fixed bed reactor. The regeneration conversion and the yield of elemental sulfur for CeO2 desulfurization sorbent were tested and calculated. And the composition and the morphology of CeO2 desulfurization sorbent before and after regeneration were obtained by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the main components of the regeneration products of Ce2O desulfurization sorbent were solid CeO2 and gaseous elemental S in SO2 atmosphere. The optimum regeneration condition of CeO2 desulfurization sorbent is that the regeneration temperature of 750 °C and the SO2 concentration of 4.25 %, under which the CeO2 desulfurization sorbent shows the higher regeneration conversion of 96 % and the yield of elemental sulfur of 68.95 wt. %.

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