scholarly journals Tannin quantification and chemical-energetic characterization of biomass residues of Bertholletia spp. and Lecythis’ spp. fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Nobre Carmona ◽  
Juliane da Silva Sampaio ◽  
Pablo Antônio Souza Amorim da Luz ◽  
Fernando Wallase Carvalho Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Biomass Residues ◽  
Energetic Characterization ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannins ◽  
Calorific Power ◽  
Layer Chromatography

ABSTRACT Biomass residues originated from agroforestry systems has been demonstrating great usage potential for the pharmaceutical, textile and energy industries. In the Amazon region, the use of these materials can stimulate the sustainable economic development of extractive communities and agroforestry systems. However, for a better use of this material, it is necessary to quantify and qualify the chemical components present in these residues. Keeping that in mind, our research aimed to quantify the presence of condensed and hydrolysable tannins, and to chemically and energetically characterize the Bertholletia excelsa and Lecythis pisonis’ fruit residues, with the intent to assess the usage potential for this biomass resource in different industries. The studied material was collected from local extractives and merchants. Tannin quantification was performed through thin layer chromatography (TLC) method and the total values of extractives, lignin and holocellulose were also quantified. The energy potential was determined by the variables of apparent density, gravimetric yield, superior calorific power and charcoal’s immediate chemistry (the charcoal was produced at 450 ºC). The associations between variables were determined by a linear correlation. The TLC for condensed tannin was positive for B. excelsa. As for the TLC of hydrolysable tannins, the results were negative for both materials. The high levels of lignin and extractives in fruit’s residues of both species demonstrate the energy potential of this material. Our results may favor the use of B. excelsa’s residues for the production of polymers and adhesives, as well as other non-wood residues with high content of lignin, fixed carbon and calorific power in energetic products.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Evaluation of the Electrical Energy Potential of Residual Biomass from the Wood Industry: A Case Study in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
The State ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Wood Residues

This chapter presents in a consolidated manner the step-by-step methodology to estimate the electrical energy potential of industrial wood residues considering the dependency of the efficiency of the power plants with their size. A function of the overall efficiency with power was obtained from a best curve fit of real data both taken from the literature and from Brazilian biomass-fired power plants. The methodology was applied to the determination of the electrical energy potential of wood industry residues in the State of Pará (data collected in 2004). Two cases were analyzed: one where a constant electrical efficiency of 25% was considered (independently of the amount of residues generated) and another where the proposed function of efficiency with power was used. Results show that in the State of Pará, the existent 675 sawmills generated 2.95 × 106 t in dry basis. When the dependency of efficiency with plant size is not considered, the electrical energy potential and average installed power (3140.4 GWh and 2 MWe) are overestimated in comparison to the herein proposed methodology (1868.8 GWh and 1 MWe). The present methodology, considering the efficiency as a function of the power, results in an average efficiency of 12.3% (lower than 25%).

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Analysis of An Anti-Diabetic Formulation: Kimshukatvagadi Ghana Capsule

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Garima Singh ◽  
Shailesh V Deshpande ◽  
Rinjin G Krishna
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Butea Monosperma ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Strychnos Potatorum ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Salacia Reticulata

Ayurveda is one of the oldest and holistic science. Herbal medicines have a long therapeutic history; serving many of the health needs of large population of the world. However, the quality control and assurance remains as a challenge due to the high discrepancy of chemical components involved. In Ayurvedic texts, several formulations have been mentioned in Prameha (Diabetes Mellitus). Kimshukatvagadi is one such formulation mentioned in Sahasrayoga Vati Prakarana adhyaya. It contains Palash (Butea monosperma Lam.), Haridra (Curcuma longa L.), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis L.), Kataka (Strychnos potatorum L.f.), Vairi (Salacia reticulata Wight). Kimshukatvagadi Vati was converted into Ghana to increase its potency and then it was sealed into Capsule for increasing the shelf life, making it easy to dispense, dose fixation etc. Kimshukatvagadi Ghana Capsule was subjected to organoleptic analysis, phytochemical and qualitative analysis to detect the presence of various functional groups, and to high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) examination by optimizing the solvent systems.

scholarly journals Inhibition of α-Amylases by Condensed and Hydrolysable Tannins: Focus on Kinetics and Hypoglycemic Actions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Gabriel Kato ◽  
Geferson de Almeida Gonçalves ◽  
Rosely Aparecida Peralta ◽  
Flavio Augusto Vicente Seixas ◽  
Anacharis Babeto de Sá-Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Free Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannin ◽  
Mixed Inhibition ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannins ◽  
Kinetics Of

The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro inhibitory effects on the salivary and pancreatic α-amylases and the in vivo hypoglycemic actions of the hydrolysable tannin from Chinese natural gall and the condensed tannin from Acacia mearnsii. The human salivary α-amylase was more strongly inhibited by the hydrolysable than by the condensed tannin, with the concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC50) being 47.0 and 285.4 μM, respectively. The inhibitory capacities of both tannins on the pancreatic α-amylase were also different, with IC50 values being 141.1 μM for the hydrolysable tannin and 248.1 μM for the condensed tannin. The kinetics of the inhibition presented complex patterns in that for both inhibitors more than one molecule can bind simultaneously to either the free enzyme of the substrate-complexed enzyme (parabolic mixed inhibition). Both tannins were able to inhibit the intestinal starch absorption. Inhibition by the hydrolysable tannin was concentration-dependent, with 53% inhibition at the dose of 58.8 μmol/kg and 88% inhibition at the dose of 294 μmol/kg. For the condensed tannin, inhibition was not substantially different for doses between 124.4 μmol/kg (49%) and 620 μmol/kg (57%). It can be concluded that both tannins, but especially the hydrolysable one, could be useful in controlling the postprandial glycemic levels in diabetes.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Candida albicans Species Complex by Tobacco Agar Obtained from Different Cigarette Brands Available in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Soraya E. Morales-López ◽  
Jayr Yepes ◽  
Danna C. Elles ◽  
Lisahidy Macías ◽  
Abid Cañate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cigarette Brand ◽  
The Media ◽  
Brand Affect ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Globally Distributed

Introduction. The Candida albicans complex is formed by Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and a biovar of C. albicans named Candida africana. These yeasts are recognized as globally distributed clinical pathogens and share most phenotypic characteristics, which makes their discrimination by conventional methods difficult. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of different brands of cigarettes in the preparation of tobacco agar, for the differentiation of these related yeasts. Methodology. Tobacco agar was prepared using six brands and four varieties of cigarettes, and 125 clinical isolates previously identified by PCR and Maldi-Tof were used. To determine whether the results of the microbiological tests were associated with similarities in the chemical components of cigarettes, thin-layer chromatography was performed. Results. Candida dubliniensis colonies presented hue differences according to the incubation temperature and the brand or variety of cigarette used, except in the tobacco agar produced with Marlboro Xpress cigarette, where its differentiation was not possible. The chromatograms showed few differences among apolar and medium polarity extract components. Conclusions. Tobacco agar is a low-cost tool used for the differentiation of Candida dubliniensis; however, incubation temperature and cigarette brand affect the performance of the media. No relationship was found between the microbiological results and the chemical similarity of the extracts of the cigarettes by chromatography.

Assessment of the energy potential of agricultural biomass residues in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 610-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Avcıoğlu ◽  
M.A. Dayıoğlu ◽  
U. Türker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Potential ◽  
Agricultural Biomass ◽  
Biomass Residues

scholarly journals Analysis of energy potential of biofuels obtained from camelina sativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Madalina Ghilvacs ◽  
Razvan Carlanescu ◽  
Maria Paraschiv ◽  
Malina Prisecaru
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Calorific Power

In a world where the energy demand is increasing daily, energy efficiency and renewable energy play a major role. Our research comes to help fighting the biggest problem that our world is facing today, global warming. This study aims to evaluate the energy potential of biofuels obtained from camelina sativa in order to reduce fossil fuel dependence, greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency. Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is a cruciferous oilseed plant belonging to the Brassicaceae (mustard) family with the common name false flax and gold of pleasure. Since camelina can grow under different conditions without being a competitor of food land, this energetic plant can be used for production of both, firstand second-generation biofuels. In our study we determined the elemental analysis of the subproducts obtained from camelina sativa, through experimental tests, and we built a mathematical model to determine the calorific power and to simulate the burning of the biofuels into a steam generator in order to analyse the energy potential. The results show us that the biofuels obtained from camelina sativa can represent an alternative to fossil fuels and should be considered in the transition to green energy.

scholarly journals Agronomic Effects of Tectona grandis Biochar from Wood Residues on the Growth of Young Cedrela odorata Plants in a Nursery

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2079
Author(s):  
Arantxa Rodríguez Solís ◽  
Yorleny Badilla Valverde ◽  
Róger Moya
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
And Performance

Biochar from agroforestry biomass residues is an alternative source of fertilizers for improving the soil fertility. In Costa Rica, Cedrela odorata is planted in pure plantations and agroforestry systems and different types of substrates are used in the nursery to enhance the growth and performance of the young saplings. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth (in height, diameter, biomass) and distribution of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N) for C. odorata plants in a nursery with different application rates of biochar produced from Tectona grandis wood residues. The results showed that the above-measured variables were statistically affected by different application rates of the biochar. The stem diameter, total height, number of leaves, and height increment were statistically significantly higher in the substrate with an application rate of 25–50 tons/ha, in contrast to the 0 and 75 tons/ha application rates, which were statistically the lowest. As for the levels of C, H, and N, there were differences, with the highest values of N and C being in the leaves and stem with the 50 tons/ha application rate and the highest values of H for the 75 tons/ha application rate. The above results showed that applying biochar obtained from T. grandis residues improved soil conditions, resulting in better growth of C. odorata saplings with an application rate of 25 and 50 tons/ha.

scholarly journals Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Segun E. Ibitoye ◽  
Tien-Chien Jen ◽  
Rasheedat M. Mahamood ◽  
Esther T. Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Biomass Residues ◽  
Pressure Medium ◽  
Agro Residues

AbstractThe global demand for sustainable energy is increasing due to urbanization, industrialization, population, and developmental growth. Transforming the large quantities of biomass resources such as agro-residues/wastes could raise the energy supply and promote energy mix. Residues of biomass instituted in the rural and industrial centers are enormous, and poor management of these residues results in several indescribable environmental threats. The energy potential of these residues can provide job opportunities and income for nations. The generation and utilization of dissimilar biomass as feedstock for energy production via densification could advance the diversity of energy crops. An increase in renewable and clean energy demand will likely increase the request for biomass residues for renewable energy generation via densification. This will reduce the environmental challenges associated with burning and dumping of these residues in an open field. Densification is the process of compacting particles together through the application of pressure to form solid fuels. Marketable densification is usually carried out using conventional pressure-driven processes such as extrusion, screw press, piston type, hydraulic piston press, roller press, and pallet press (ring and flat die). Based on compaction, densification methods can be categorized into high-pressure, medium-pressure, and low-pressure compactions. The common densification processes are briquetting, pelletizing, bailing, and cubing. They manufacture solid fuel with desirable fuel characteristics—physical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and combustion characteristics. Fuel briquettes and pellets have numerous advantages and applications both in domestic and industrial settings. However, for biomass to be rationally and efficiently utilized as solid fuel, it must be characterized to determine its fuel properties. Herein, an overview of the densification of biomass residues as a source of sustainable energy is presented.

scholarly journals The state of biomass energy in Serbia

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Ilic ◽  
Borislav Grubor ◽  
Milos Tesic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Biomass Residues ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Total Energy Balance ◽  
Policy Information

The paper presents a review of the energy potential of different types of biomass residues in agriculture and forestry, and actual state of biomass energy utilization in Serbia. The estimated values of annual energy potential are: about 1.7?10 6 toe (ton of oil equivalent) in biomass residues in agriculture, comprising crop farming, fruit growing, viniculture and stock breeding, and about 1 million toe of biomass from forestry, including different biomass residues and fuel wood. The total annual biomass energy potential of about 2.7?10 6 toe represents 40% of the total coal energy production in Serbia. Towns located in agricultural regions and in regions rich in forest can satisfy their energy demand for centralized heading systems with biomass residues from the territory of their own municipality. With appropriate energy policy, information campaign, research activities and general regulation in the field of biomass energy utilization, the share of biomass energy consumption in total energy balance can be significantly increased.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterisation of Hydrolysable Tannin from Ethyl Acetate Portion of the Aerial Part of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Halima A. Umar ◽  
Hamidu Usman ◽  
Mustapha B. Abubakar ◽  
Baba F. Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed Babakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannin ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannins ◽  
Isolated Compound ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The present work involves extraction of phytochemicals from aerial part of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn with n-hexane and 85% methanol. The isolation and characterization of Phytoconstituents was done from the methanol extract through portioning with chloroform and ethyl acetate. Fractionation and isolation (using column and thin layer chromatography respectively) of ethyl acetate column pooled portion afforded a compound coded as E-3.3C. The structure of the isolated compound was established on spectroscopic evidences (IR, 1HNMR, MS), which revealed the compound as 1-de (oxygalloyl)-2ˈ,3ˈ,-di-methoxy-amariin a hydrolysable tannins.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document