scholarly journals Occurrence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria blooms in a Brazilian semiarid reservoir

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1b) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. S. Costa ◽  
S. M. F. O Azevedo ◽  
P. A. C. Senna ◽  
R. R. Bernardo ◽  
S. M. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Toxic Blooms

We report the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and the presence of cyanotoxins in water samples from the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves reservoir (06° 08’ S and 37° 07’ W), located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. The cyanobacterial species were identified and quantified during the rainy and dry seasons in the year 2000. Cyanotoxins such as microcystins, saxitoxins and cylindrospermopsins were analyzed and quantified using HPLC and ELISA methods. The mixed toxic blooms of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis spp (M. panniformis, M. protocystis, M. novacekii) and Aphanizomenon spp (Aphanizomenon gracile, A. cf. manguinii, A. cf. issastschenkoi) were persistent and represented 90-100% of the total phytoplankton species. Toxic cyanobacterial blooms from the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves reservoir were analyzed and found to have three phases in relation to the annual cycle. During the rainy season, an intense toxic bloom of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was recorded along with saxitoxins (3.14 µg.L-1). During the transition period, between the rainy and dry seasons, different species of Microscytis occurred and microcystin as high as 8.8 µg.L-1 was recorded. In the dry season, co-dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis spp and Aphanizomenon spp occurred and the concentrations of saxitoxin remained very low. Our results indicate the presence of microcystins (8.8 µg.L-1) and saxitoxins (3.14 µg.L-1) into the crude water, with increasing concentrations from the second fortnight of April to late May 2000. The occurrence of toxic blooms in this reservoir points to a permanent risk of cyanotoxins in supply waters, indicating the need for the implementation of bloom control measures to improve the water quality. Exposure of the local population to cyanotoxins through their potential accumulation in fish muscle must also be considered.

scholarly journals Cyanobacterial blooms in freshwaters bodies in a semiarid region, northeastern Brazil: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadne do Nascimento Moura ◽  
Nisia K. C. Aragão-Tavares ◽  
Cihelio A. Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Toxic Blooms ◽  
Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Density And Biomass

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms have caused several problems in freshwater environments due to their prolific growth and the harmful cyanotoxins produced by some species. The occurrence of these organisms has increased in recent decades due to climate change and eutrophication, although most studies are from temperate regions in the Northern hemisphere. This review presents data about cyanobacteria occurrence, dominance, and toxicity events in freshwater bodies in a semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, in the tropical Southern hemisphere. We performed a literature survey of cyanobacteria publications from 1930 to 2016. We made a list of all the dominant species registered in each state, noted their distribution and occurrence of dominance events involving one or more species, and the registered records of toxic blooms, including information about the toxins involved and the range of values. We selected 102 publications that described cyanobacteria occurrence from states in Northeast Brazil; these publications included relevant contributions regarding cyanobacteria distribution, richness, density, and biomass. Forty-nine dominant species were recorded, with the most representation found in the state of Pernambuco (30 spp.). The genera with the highest occurrences were Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis, Planktothrix, Dolichospermum (=Anabaena), and Geitlerinema, especially the species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Planktothrix agardhii. Episodes of toxic blooms were observed in four states. Microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxins, and anatoxin-a(S) were found to be associated with these blooms. In Northeast Brazil, harmful cyanobacterial blooms are common in urban and public reservoirs. However, in recent years, cyanobacterial blooms in this region have been more intense and perennial, with high biomass occurring throughout the year.

scholarly journals Bacteria Isolated from Free-range Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Eggs Sold in Semiarid Conditions and its One Health Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Luise Canuto de Sousa ◽  
Hannah Costa Soares ◽  
Katianny Bezerra De Medeiros ◽  
Meire Maria Da Silva ◽  
Camila Sousa Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Contamination ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Open Markets ◽  
Chicken Eggs

Background: Food contamination is an important and growing public health concern due to the risk of foodborne illnesses. In this context, the egg, consumed all over the world, stands out. This food has been pointed out as a carrier of several bacteria, causing outbreaks of food toxinfection. The production of free-range chicken eggs (Gallus gallusdomesticus) has been an alternative for generating income for producers in Brazil; however, there is no monitoring of the sanitary quality of this product. The objective of this study was to identify microorganisms in 128 free-range chicken eggs sold in open markets in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil.Discussion: The frequency of bacterial isolation obtained in this study was high and reflects contamination of the eggs, which can occur through the shell, and factors such as air humidity, time and temperature favor the migration of bacteria from the shell to the internal content of egg. Food toxinfection occurs due to improper conditions in food processing, and it is essential to guarantee correct handling, promoting health quality. Therefore, some care related to egg management is necessary, from primary production to commercialization, ensuring food safety for consumers. Another point to be highlighted concerns the way of marketing this product. Eggs from free-range chickens are usually sold in open markets, kept at room temperature from production to final distribution, mainly in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Temperature, storage time and chicken’s characteristics (lineage, age, nutritional management and health status) are factors that have a direct influence on the quality of the food offered to the consumer. The high frequency of isolated bacteria warns of the implementation of control measures to avoid contamination of this product and the importance of the correct use of antimicrobials in poultry, in order to avoid the spread of resistance-carrying pathogens, minimizing economic, health and environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Vertical and temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria in the Carpina potable water reservoir in northeastern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Moura ◽  
EW Dantas ◽  
HSB Oliveira ◽  
MC Bittencourt-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii

This study analysed vertical and temporal variations of cyanobacteria in a potable water supply in northeastern Brazil. Samples were collected from four reservoir depths in the four months; September and December 2007; and March and June 2008. The water samples for the determination of nutrients and cyanobacteria were collected using a horizontal van Dorn bottle. The samples were preserved in 4% formaldehyde for taxonomic analysis using an optical microscope, and water aliquots were preserved in acetic Lugol solution for determination of density using an inverted microscope. High water temperatures, alkaline pH, low transparency, high phosphorous content and limited nitrogen content were found throughout the study. Dissolved oxygen stratification occurred throughout the study period whereas temperature stratification occurred in all sampling months, with the exception of June. No significant vertical differences were recorded for turbidity or total and dissolved forms of nutrients. There were high levels of biomass arising from Planktothrix agardhii, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Geitlerinema amphibium and Pseudanabaena catenata. The study demonstrates that, in a tropical eutrophic environment with high temperatures throughout the water column, perennial multi-species cyanobacterial blooms, formed by species capable of regulating their position in the water column (those that have gas vesicles for buoyancy), are dominant in the photic and aphotic strata.

scholarly journals Canine leishmaniasis in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil: epidemiology, factors associated with seropositivity and spatial analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria da Cruz Ferreira Evaristo ◽  
Anaiá da Paixão Sevá ◽  
Glauber Meneses Barboza de Oliveira ◽  
Ivo Wesley Gomes da Silva ◽  
Matheus Silva Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, factors associated with seropositivity to Leishmania infection in dogs and spatial analysis in six municipalities in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 462 dogs, 77 in each municipality, and used for serological analysis [dual path platform (DPP®) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. Clinical signs of dogs were evaluated and associated factors for Leishmania infection were analyzed using robust Poisson regression model. A seroprevalence of 42.8% (198/462, IC: 95% = 38.6%-47.6%) was detected in dogs that tested positive in both tests, ranging from 29.8% to 55.8%, with higher prevalence in the municipality of Cabrobó (55.8%; P = 0.006). About 67% (132/198) of the seropositive dogs showed one or more clinical signs suggestive of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), such as lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions and conjunctivitis, which were associated with seropositivity. High seroprevalence levels were identified in urban and rural areas in all the municipalities, and the buffer for sand flies around cases covered almost these entire areas. Spatial analysis revealed a significant cluster, showing a relative risk of 1.88 in the urban area of Cabrobó. The higher density of seropositive dogs in urban areas indicates the need effective control measures against CanL to prevent the emergence of canine and human diseases.

scholarly journals Foot rot and other foot diseases of goat and sheep in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gildeni M.N Aguiar ◽  
Sara V.D Simões ◽  
Tatiane R Silva ◽  
Adriana C.O Assis ◽  
João M.A Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
White Line ◽  
Dichelobacter Nodosus ◽  
Foot Diseases ◽  
Sole Ulcers

This paper reports the occurrence and epidemiology of outbreaks of foot rot and other foot diseases in goats and sheep in the semiarid region of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Four farms were inspected for the presence of foot lesion in sheep and goats and for environmental conditions, general hygiene, pastures, and disease control measures. The prevalence of foot lesions was 19.41% (170/876) in sheep and 17.99% (52/289) in goats, ranging between 5.77% and 33.85% in different farms. Foot rot was the most common disease, affecting 12.1% of the animals examined (141/1165), but with significantly higher (p<0.05) prevalence in sheep (13.69%) than in goats (7.27%). The frequency of malignant foot rot was also significantly lower (p<0.05) in goats (9.53%) than in the sheep (40.83%). On one farm, Dorper sheep showed significantly higher (p<0.05) prevalence of foot rot (17.5%) than Santa Inês sheep (6.79%), and the number of digits affected was also higher in the former. Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum were isolated from cases of foot rot. White line disease was found in 3.95% of the animals, sole ulcers in 1.29%, foot abscess in 1.03% and hoof overgrowth in 0.5%. The high rainfall at the time of occurrence, grazing in wetlands, clay soils with poor drainage, presence of numerous stony grounds, closure of the flocks in pens at night, and introduction of affected animals were considered predisposing factors for the occurrence of foot diseases.

scholarly journals Semina: Ciências Agrárias USER You are logged in as... seminagra My Journals My Profile Log Out LANGUAGE Select Language English JOURNAL CONTENT Search Search Scope All Browse By Issue By Author By Title Other Journals FONT SIZE INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians Journal Help OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEMS HOME ABOUT USER HOME SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES AUTHOR GUIDELINE REGISTER INDEXERS JOURNALS PORTAL UEL Home > Vol 41, No 6 (2020) > Barnabé Assessment of caseous lymphadenitis in goats in a slaughterhouse in the Brazilian semi-arid region and estimates of economic losses due to carcass condemnation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2655-2668
Author(s):  
Nathanael Natércio da Costa Barnabé ◽  
◽  
José Romero Alexandre Alves ◽  
Areano Ethério Moreira de Farias ◽  
Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Caseous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Goat Farming

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) caused by the pathogenic bacterium, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, results in economic loss in goat farming. Its prevalence in Brazilian herds varies from 5 to 50%, generating expenses with treatment, loss in production, carcass and organ condemnation, and reduced price of the hide. This study aimed to describe the distribution of lesions and quantify the loss associated with CLA in goat breeding due to condemnation in a slaughterhouse located in a semiarid region. The study was conducted at the municipal slaughterhouse of the city of Patos, State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil, where goats from this intermediate geographical region are slaughtered. In 2017, 3,662 animals were slaughtered, an average of 305 per month. During the study period, from March to August 2017, 304 goats of both sexes and different ages of undefined breed were assessed. In the ante-mortem examination, inspection and palpation of the superficial lymph nodes was done; in the post-mortem examination, organ and viscera were assessed. The caseous material collected was sent for microbiological analysis. Of the 304 individuals, 227 [74.67% (95% CI: 69.50-79.23)] did not have any lesions, while 77 [25.33% (95% CI: 20.77-30.50)] showed abscesses suggestive of CLA, which was confirmed in 65 goats [84.41% (95% CI: 76.30-92.50)]. Sex (P = 0.044) and age (P = 0.002) were associated with infection. While the sex of the animals affected carcass and viscera weights and carcass yield, their age affected live weight, carcass, organ, and viscera weights; conversely, the incidence of CLA did not affect these variables. The average price in Real (R$) of a kilogram (kg) of goat meat cuts and "offal" was used to calculate the economic loss. Considering the average carcass weight (11,485 kg), organ weight (1,085 kg), and viscera weight (2,013 kg), 4,433.232 kg of meat was produced, resulting in R$ 72,945.43. The condemnations resulted in the loss of 269.894 kg, which is equivalent to R$ 4,540.33. CLA is responsible for a negative impact of 6.09% on production. Implementing control measures for this disease is important to increase the financial return in goat farming.

scholarly journals Evidence of Quorum Sensing in Cyanobacteria by Homoserine Lactones: The Origin of Blooms

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Natalia Herrera ◽  
Fernando Echeverri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Bacterial Communication ◽  
Homoserine Lactones ◽  
Exogenous Compounds ◽  
Almost All

Although several theories have been postulated to explain cyanobacterial blooms, their biochemical origin has not yet been found. In this work, we explore the existence of bacterial communication, called quorum sensing, in Microcystis aeruginosa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Thus, the application of several known acylhomoserine lactones to cultures of both cyanobacteria causes profound metabolic. At 72 h post-application, some of them produced substantial increases in cell proliferation, while others were inhibitors. There was a correlation with colony-forming activity for most of them. According to ELISA analysis, the microcystin levels were increased with some lactones. However, there was a clear difference between M. aeruginosa and C. raciborskii culture since, in the first one, there was an inducing effect on cell proliferation, while in C. raciborskii, the effects were minor. Besides, there were compound inhibitors and inducers of microcystins production in M. aeruginosa, but almost all compounds were only inducers of saxitoxin production in C. raciborskii. Moreover, each lactone appears to be involved in a specific quorum sensing process. From these results, the formation of cyanobacterial blooms in dams and reservoirs could be explained since lactones may come from cyanobacteria and other sources as bacterial microflora-associated or exogenous compounds structurally unrelated to lactones, such as drugs, industrial effluents, and agrochemicals.

scholarly journals The use of solar energy for the curing of ferrogeopolymer elements in the semiarid region

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 01031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partogi H Simatupang ◽  
Petrus Lubalu ◽  
Herry L Sianturi ◽  
Wilhelmus Bunganaen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Collector System ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wire Meshes ◽  
Potential Use

Kupang City in Timor Island of Indonesia, as a semiarid area, has abundant solar energy sources. Based on climatology data of Kupang City in 2013-2015, the minimum and maximum average temperatures in Kupang City range from 19.3-34.8oC. Besides, dry seasons last for about 8 months (April-November). This abundance of solar energy is a potential energy resource for the manufacturing of environmentally friendly ferrogeopolymer elements. Based on previous research, the production of geopolymer material can be done optimally with dry curing treatment at 60-80oC for less than 48 hours. Therefore, in this paper, a low-cost, energy efficient oven operated by a solar energy collector was developed. This paper describes a feasibility study of the use of solar energy for curing ferro-geopolymer elements. The ferro-geopolymer elements made were beams with length 600 mm, width 100 mm and height 100 mm. Wire meshes with 6x6mm of opening were used in 5 layers. The solar energy collector system used as an oven was a zinc coated drum which was painted black outwardly and was covered by a glass plate. Using this oven, it was possible to increase the ambient temperature by 1.62 to 2,37 times. Furthermore, this oven can also increase the flexure strength of ferrogeopolymer elements about ± 25.34%. This paper shows good potential use of solar energy in the manufacturing of ferro-geopolymer elements in the semiarid region.

scholarly journals Calibration of the maximum carboxylation velocity (Vcmax) using data mining techniques and ecophysiological data from the Brazilian semiarid region, for use in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-351
Author(s):  
L. F. C. Rezende ◽  
B. C. Arenque-Musa ◽  
M. S. B. Moura ◽  
S. T. Aidar ◽  
C. Von Randow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract The semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, the Caatinga, is extremely important due to its biodiversity and endemism. Measurements of plant physiology are crucial to the calibration of Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) that are currently used to simulate the responses of vegetation in face of global changes. In a field work realized in an area of preserved Caatinga forest located in Petrolina, Pernambuco, measurements of carbon assimilation (in response to light and CO2) were performed on 11 individuals of Poincianella microphylla, a native species that is abundant in this region. These data were used to calibrate the maximum carboxylation velocity (Vcmax) used in the INLAND model. The calibration techniques used were Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and data mining techniques as the Classification And Regression Tree (CART) and K-MEANS. The results were compared to the UNCALIBRATED model. It was found that simulated Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) reached 72% of observed GPP when using the calibrated Vcmax values, whereas the UNCALIBRATED approach accounted for 42% of observed GPP. Thus, this work shows the benefits of calibrating DGVMs using field ecophysiological measurements, especially in areas where field data is scarce or non-existent, such as in the Caatinga.

scholarly journals Systemic acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in dogs in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria T.S. Frade ◽  
Luiza F. de Melo ◽  
Clarice R.M. Pessoa ◽  
Jeann L. de Araújo ◽  
Rafael A. Fighera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Infections by free-living amoebae can cause systemic disease in animals and humans. We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of disseminated acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in three dogs of the semiarid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Affected dogs developed progressive neurological and respiratory signs that progressed to death within in two to 20 days. Gross lesions were irregular and with yellow-reddish nodules randomly distributed in the lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenals, and intestine. One dog had foci of malacia in the parietal cortex and another one in nucleus of brain basis. Histologically, pyogranulomas with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in all organs affected were observed, associated with myriads of intralesional amoebic trophozoites. All three cases were concomitant canine distemper, that possibly triggered immunosuppression in the dogs. The diagnosis was performed through microscopic findings of infection by free-living amoebae and confirmed Acanthamoeba sp. by immunohistochemistry

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