Damage caused by cattle to Eucalyptus benthamii trees in pruned and unpruned silvopastoral systems

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of tree pruning on the incidence and intensity of the damages caused by cattle to 26-month-old Eucalyptus benthamii, in a silvopastoral system, in the municipality of Pinhais, in the state Paraná, Brazil. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design, with two treatments - livestock and forest with pruned eucalyptus (WP), and livestock and forest with unpruned eucalyptus (UP) - and three replicates, characterizing six types of damages and five damage intensities. There were significant differences between the WP and UP treatments for the different types of damages. Cattle entry in the silvopastoral system at 26 months after the planting of eucalyptus causes low-intensity damages to the trees, in the treatment with pruning, and medium-intensity damages to the trees in the treatment without pruning. Damages of stronger intensities were detected in the UP treatment, in which class-two damages (d2 = average damage) were verified in approximately 91% of the trees. The silvicultural practice of pruning E. benthamii trees does not affect the diameter at breast height or the total height of trees. Pruning can be recommended, as it does not affect tree development; moreover, this practice enables the production of knot-free, better-quality wood.

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VARIAÇÃO LONGITUDINAL E EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO NA MASSA ESPECÍFICA BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE Mimosa scabrella E Ateleia glazioveana

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i2.29266 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 327 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elder Eloy ◽

Braulio Otomar Caron ◽

Rômulo Trevisan ◽

Denise Schmidt ◽

Magda Lea Bolzan Zanon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Technological Characteristic ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

Breast Height ◽

Living Space ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Axial Variation ◽

Set Up

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variação longitudinal e o efeito do espaçamento de plantio na massa específica básica das árvores de Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, aos 36 meses de idade. Analisou-se um experimento instalado em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram definidos em função dos espaçamentos (2,0x1,0 m, 2,0x1,5 m, 3,0x1,0 m e 3,0x1,5 m). Foram avaliadas 72 árvores, sendo essas medidas e cubadas pelo método de Smalian. Em seguida, foram retirados discos nas posições do tronco: 0,10 m (base), 1,30 m do solo (DAP – Diâmetro a Altura do Peito), 25%, 50% e 75% da altura total da árvore, para determinação da massa específica básica. A massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella apresentou um decréscimo até a região do DAP, seguido de acréscimo, sem tendência de estabilização com a altura. A Ateleia glazioveana apresentou uma tendência de decréscimo no sentido base-topo das árvores. Os espaçamentos influenciaram a variação da massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana, não sendo verificada uma variação sistemática positiva ou negativa em relação ao espaço vital proporcionado.Palavras-chave: Variação axial; característica tecnológica da madeira; qualidade da madeira; espaçamento de plantio. AbstractLongitudinal variation and effect of spacing on basic density wood of Mimosa scabrella and Ateleia glazioveana. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in length and effect of spacing of the basic density of Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, trees with 36 months of age. We analyzed an experiment set up in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were defined by the spacing (2.0x1.0 m, 2.0x1.5 m, 3.0x1.0 m, 3.0x1.5 m). 72 trees were evaluated, and these measures and scaled by the method of Smalian. Then, the disks were removed from the trunk positions: 0.10 m (base), 1.30 m (DAP - diameter at breast height), 25%, 50% and 75% of the total height of the tree, determining the basic density. The basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella showed a decrease to the region of the DAP, followed by addition, without a tendency to stabilize with time. The Ateleia glazioveana showed a decreasing trend towards bottom-up tree. The spacing influenced the variation of basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana not been verified a systematic positive or negative trend in relation to the living space provided. Keywords: Axial variation; technological characteristic of wood; wood quality; planting space.

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Silvicultural performance of forest species introduced in integrated livestock forest system in Lavras, MG, Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20161106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erick Martins Nieri ◽

Renato Luiz Grisi Macedo ◽

Nelson Venturin ◽

Regis Pereira Venturin ◽

José Alvim Pinto Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Block Design ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

The Other ◽

Forest Species ◽

Diameter At Breast Height ◽

African Mahogany ◽

Breast Height ◽

Red Cedar ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the silvicultural performance of four forest species introduced in a setting for integrated livestock forest (ILF) in a pasture in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species included were the Australian red cedar (seminal and clonal), African mahogany, teak, and guanandi. A split plot scheme with a randomized complete block design comprising four replicates and 48 plants per plot, was used in the following arrangement: (3(3x2) +7x2) m. The evaluation times (12, 18, 31, 36, and 43 months after planting) corresponded to the subplots. Performances of all four species were evaluated on the basis of their survival rate, height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH). Based on the performance of the species with regard to these parameters, the clonal Australian red cedar showed a greater growth in DBH and height in the ILF setting as compared to the other species, which indicates it to be a suitable species for the region of Lavras, MG as long as its survival control occurs in the implantation phase.

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Combined Effect of Vermicompost and Inorganic Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Tomato Plant

Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition ◽

10.9734/ajsspn/2021/v8i130124 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Kamrun Nahar ◽

Md. Azizul Haque ◽

Sushan Chowhan ◽

Md. Khan Jahan Ali ◽

Muhammad Maruf Husain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tomato Plant ◽

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Rabi Season ◽

Inorganic Fertilizers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Different Types

To evaluate the combined effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer a field experiment was conducted on tomato for yield and yield contributing character of fruits using vermicompost and different types of inorganic fertilizers at the farms of Ishurdi Sub-station of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear agriculture (BINA) during Rabi season, 2020. One variety (Binatomato-11) and ten different treatments T1 = control (no fertilizer), T2 = 100% CF (Chemical Fertilizer), T3 = 70% CF, T4 = 70% CF + 1 t ha-1 VC (Vermicompost), T5 = 70% CF + 2 t ha-1 VC, T6 = 70% CF + 3 t ha-1 VC, T7 = 85% CF, T8 = 85% CF+ 1 t ha-1 VC, T9 = 85% CF+ 2 t ha-1 VC and T10 = 85% CF + 3 t ha-1 VC were used as experimental materials. The field trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that plant height (120.67 cm), number of fruits/plant (53.33), single fruit weight (95 gm), fruit yield (63.33 t/ha), number of fruit picking (5 times) were higher in T5 (70% Chemical fertilizers + 2t ha-1 VC) than control and other treatments. No significant difference was observed in days to 1st flowering response to the treatments. The study revealed that combined effect of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers affected tomato plant significantly.

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Methods of adaptability and stability applied to eucalyptus breeding

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000100006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 53-62

Author(s):

Osmarino Pires dos Santos ◽

Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽

Maicon Nardino ◽

Tiago Olivoto ◽

Alan Junior de Pelegrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Breeding ◽

Breast Height ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Productive Potential ◽

The Mean ◽

Highly Correlated

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the consistency of the methods of Annicchiarico, Lin & Binns, Wricke, and factor analysis in identifying eucalyptus clones with stability, adaptability, and high productive potential. Eight-four clones, with three years of age, from the genetic breeding program of the company CMPC Celulose Riograndense were used. Three field experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design, in an 84x3 factorial arragement, with 20 replicates of one plant per plot. The clones were evaluated as to diameter at breast height, plant height, and volume of wood. The methods of Annicchiarico and Lin & Binns are highly correlated with each other, and their use together with the method of Wricke is a sound strategy for the evaluation of eucalyptus clones. The factor analysis identified broadly adaptable clones, and some of them were the same ones identified by the methods of Annicchiarico and Lin & Binns. The use of the mean classification of the clones, along with the factor analysis, is efficient to identify the most adapted, stable, and productive ones among a high number of genotypes.

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Effects of Different Types of Organic Fertilizers on the Nutrients and Anti Nutrients Composition of Amaranthus caudatus and Amaranthus cruentus

Asian Research Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.9734/arja/2019/v11i130047 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Kahu Jerry Chechet ◽

Umeh Chisom Charles

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Block Design ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Amaranthus Cruentus ◽

Amaranthus Caudatus ◽

Local Variety ◽

Compound Fertilizer ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Different Types

Aims: To evaluate the effect of different types of organic fertilizers on the nutrients and anti nutrients composition of Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452). Study Design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used for the experiment. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the nursery of a homestead garden at No 20, Isaiah Balat Street, Sabo GRA, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Methodology: The study consists of seven treatments which includes control (no fertilizer), 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 poultry manure, 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 sewage sludge, 35 kg ha-1 and 70 kg ha-1 NPK compound fertilizer and also with two varieties; Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452) with factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. At maturity, the leaves were harvested and prepared for laboratory analysis for both nutrients and anti-nutrient composition. Proximate composition was determined according to A.O.A.C protocol. Water soluble vitamins were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) while the metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results: The ash, moisture, fat, protein, fibre, carbohydrate and energy of the two varieties were found in the range of 2.58 - 3.06%, 78.78 - 80.69%, 1.04 - 1.49%, 7.49 - 9.67%, 2.41 - 3.29%, 3.02 - 6.46% and 54.72 - 61.52 Kcal/100 g respectively. The micronutrients including β-carotene, vitamin C, niacin, riboflavin, iron and zinc were found in the range of 4.79 - 6.68, 14.37 - 40.36, 5.97 - 22.15, 8.37 - 27.99, 10.03 - 13.40 and 5.11 – 941 mg/100 g respectively. The anti-nutrients; tannins, phytate, saponins and oxalate were in the range of 0.33 - 0.69, 0.40 - 0.94, 1.29 - 2.30 and 0.53 - 1.01% respectively Conclusion: Poultry manure provided higher nutrients on the two varieties of Amaranth when compared with sewage sludge and NPK compound fertilizer. While sewage sludge resulted in the plants having higher anti-nutrients. The application of poultry manures at 10 tons/ha is therefore recommended for farmers to use to obtain more nutritious amaranth.

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Evaluation of Different Organic Fertilizers in the Sustainable Cultive of Coriander

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n6p299 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 299

Author(s):

Rafael Santiago da Costa ◽

Letícia Kenia Bessa de Oliveira ◽

José Lucas Guedes dos Santos ◽

Aiala Vieira Amorim ◽

Jorge Cá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Point Of View ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Size Number ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Different Types ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Root Size

The excessive use of agrochemicals in agriculture has been causing irreversible environmental impacts, from this point of view, organic farming appears as an economically viable alternative to minimize these impacts. So, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different types organic fertilizers in the development and production of coriander harvested at different epochs. The experiment was conducted during the period from August to October 2016, in an area of the experimental farm of University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, consisting of five organic fertilizers and four harvesting epochs (28, 35, 42 and 49 days after planting-DAP) and five blocks. The variables stem diameter, plant height, root size, number of leaves, leaf length and productivity were evaluated. All the analyzed variables responded significantly by the F test, either for the qualitative factor, fertilizer sources, or the quantitative, epochs of evaluation. Regarding the cultivation epochs, when the first evaluation period (28 DAP) was compared with the last (49 DAP), it was verified that the variables presented linear responses over time, with increases of 34.4% for height , 29.5% for stem diameter, 37.07% for root length and 64.44% for production. In relation to the fertilizer sources, in general, the cattle manure provided a greater growth and production of the coriander plants, being therefore the most suitable for the cultivation.

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Acclimatization of Pencil Orchid (Papillionanthe hookeriana Rehb.f) as Affected by Different Types of Planting Media and Fertilizing Frequency

Akta Agrosia ◽

10.31186/aa.22.1.36-41 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

Sustri Febriyani ◽

Dwi W Ganefianti ◽

Atra Romeida ◽

Reny Herawati

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Block Design ◽

Environmental Adaptation ◽

Wood Shavings ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Different Types ◽

Acclimatization Period ◽

Leaf Fertilizer

Acclimatization is a process of an environmental adaptation from heterotrophic conditions to autotrophic conditions. In order to be successful in acclimatization, it requires proper planting media and enough nutrition supply. The objective of this experiment were to determine the best planting media and the best spraying frequency of leaf fertilizer on Pencil orchid growth during acclimatization period. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design, arranged in factorial (2 factors, 3 replications). The first factor was type of planting media: Coconut Coil, Rockwool, Wood Shavings, and Fern Roots. The second factor tested was fertilizing frequencies: every 2 days, every 3 days, and every 4 days. The results showed that the best media for acclimatization of Pencil orchid was fern root fertilized every four days, the best media for growing Pencil orchid was fern root and Wood Shavings, and the best fertilizing frequency to promote Pencil orchid growth were every 3 days or every 4 days.Keywords: Pencil orchid, acclimatization, planting media, fertilization

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Plant stand failures effect in genetic parameters estimation procedure in Eucalyptus sp.

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research ◽

10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss3.2227 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 264-276

Author(s):

Yanca Araujo Frias ◽

Osmar Gabriel Trigo Marques de Oliveira ◽

João Victor Tino Dellaqua ◽

Evandro Pereira Prado ◽

Paulo Renato Matos Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Estimation Procedure ◽

Parameters Estimation ◽

Forest Genetics ◽

Breast Height ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Sib Families ◽

Plant Stand ◽

Selective Process

The objective of this work was to verify the influence of the percentage of failures in a forest genetics experiment in the estimation of genetic parameters. The study consisted in the evaluation of two experiments of full‑sib families under randomized complete block design with three replicates conducted in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experiment I was evaluated in January 2002, with approximately 60 months of age. The experiment II was evaluated in January 2003, with 45 months of age. In both experiments, the evaluations consisted of the measurement of the diameter at breast height and plant height. For all the investigated genetic parameters, an increase in the amplitude of the estimates was verified due to the increase in the number of experimental failures. Variances and negative heritabilities were detected, from 35% of failure, indicating that in such cases, this proportion of failure may be problematic to estimate genetic values, to estimate the gain with the selective process and for make decision.

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Effect of Management of Sulfonylurea Resistant Stellaria media on Barley Yield

ISRN Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2013/310764 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tuomas Uusitalo ◽

Asmo Saarinen ◽

Pirjo S. A. Mäkelä

Keyword(s):

Photosystem Ii ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Synthetic Auxins ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Continuous Use

Sulfonylureas represent one of the largest herbicide groups that have been widely used since 1980s. Their continuous use has resulted in development of sulfonylurea resistance in weeds. The aim of this research was to investigate options to manage putative sulfonylurea-resistant chickweed in barley stands and to evaluate the effect of chickweed and its management on barley yield. A field experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design and included 14 herbicide treatments applied at two different times. Tribenuron-methyl (sulfonylurea) affected minimal control of chickweed. A bromoxynil-ioxynil (photosystem II inhibitor) mix did not control chickweed efficiently. However, nearly total control was achieved with fluroxypyr, mecoprop, and their mixtures (synthetic auxins and photosystem II inhibitors). Chickweed had no effect on barley yield whether controlled or uncontrolled. Therefore, further evaluation of the chickweed management threshold would be needed. It seems that even in the boreal region, typified by a cold climate, limited solar radiation, a very short growing season, and relatively low-intensity cropping systems, unilateral use of sulfonylureas might lead to herbicide resistance. Although resistant weed populations can be controlled with herbicides of groups other than the sulfonylureas, this represents an increasing problem when planning weed management, especially when including sulfonylurea-resistant crops.

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CUTTING TYPES COLLECTED AT DIFFERENT SEASONS ON BLACKBERRY MULTIPLICATION

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452017939 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

IBRAR HUSSAIN ◽

SERGIO RUFFO ROBERTO ◽

RONAN CARLOS COLOMBO ◽

ADRIANE MARINHO DE ASSIS ◽

RENATA KOYAMA

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Market Value ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Good Market ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Different Types ◽

Different Seasons

ABSTRACT Blackberry is a shrubby perennial tree with high economic importance among horticultural crops in several countries. The fruit has a good market value, both at national and international level. The objective of this work was to evaluate the multiplication of blackberry cv. Xavante cuttings under different seasons over the year, aiming to improve the production of nursery plants. The experiment was carried out from April 2012 to March 2013 and it was laid out in randomized complete block design with different types of cutting: tip, softwood, semihardwood and root, examined in different seasons: autumn, spring and summer, with 5 replications and 10 cuttings per plot. The variables studied were: cutting rooting, cutting survival, number of roots, length of major roots and roots dry weight. Cuttings of blackberry had a significant temporal variation in the percentage of successful rooting and survival of cuttings. It was verified that softwood and semihardwood cuttings collected in summer are the best option for blackberry cv. Xavante multiplication for commercial production of nursery plants.

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