scholarly journals Patterns of energy allocation to reproduction in three Amazonian fish species

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo N. dos Santos ◽  
Sidinéia Amadio ◽  
Efrem J. G. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Reproductive Processes

The study considered the influence of the hydrological cycle and gonadal development on the accumulation and use of energy in three fish species from an Amazonian flooded area. Fishes were sampled over a 24 hour period at monthly intervals between July 2004 and June 2005 using gillnets of different mesh sizes. Body cavity fat and gonadosomatic indices were determined, as well as energy content of gonads and muscles. Amongst the studied species, different means of energy allocation for reproduction were found: Acestrorhynchus falcirostris allocate energy from body cavity fat to its gonads; Pygocentrus nattereri uses mainly energy accumulated in the muscles for the process of gonadal maturation; and Hoplosternum littorale uses energy accumulated in their muscles and body cavity fat for reproductive processes. It is quite clear that the flood pulse regulates the gain and use of the energy reserves in fishes from the Amazonian floodplain.

Energy allocation among developmental stages, age groups, and types of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spawners

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Jonsson ◽  
Bror Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Mature Parr

Relationships between energy density (kJ·100 g–1) and body length (mm), which varied between life-history stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), were described by power functions. The variation was chiefly caused by differences in lipid concentrations. Energy densities of maturing and rematuring parr were higher than those of similarly aged smolts. Monthly specific growth rate was higher in maturing parr than in salmon at sea. Mature parr males allocated relatively more energy to gonadal development and less to soma development than anadromous males. Spawning expenditure increased from 34 to 53% for 55- to 72-cm-long females. In males, similar losses were from 47 to 49% of their total energy content at river entry. More energy was used in reproduction in a long river than in a short one. Male allocation to gonads relative to soma was highest in the shorter river. Energy allocation pattern varied among developmental stages. Very energy-rich male parr rematured in subsequent years without going to sea; less energy-rich ones smolted and migrated to sea.

scholarly journals Steroid Hormones in Reproduction and Roles of GnRH-a in Gonadal Maturation of Marine Fish: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Huynh Minh Sang ◽  
Pham Xuan Ky ◽  
Ho Son Lam ◽  
Phan Minh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Gonadal Maturation ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
Sex Inversion ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Reproduction in teleosts is regulated by a series of hormones including gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs), gonadotropins (GTHs) and steroid hormones. To contribute better understanding of steroid hormones in reproduction and GnRH-a in gonadal maturation, this literature review is concerned with the changes of steroid hormone levels in relation with sex inversion, reproductive behavior and gonadal development as well as the application of GnRH-a for inducing maturation of marine fish. The results revealed that in many species of teleost, steroid hormones E2, 11-11-KT and DHP are abundantly produced in gonadal tissues under the control of pituitary gonadotropins, and are essential for critical steps of gametogenesis. Plasma steroid levels have been used as indicators for both of the sex of the fish and its stage in the seasonal reproductive cycle, particularly with regard to induction of spawning. Determination of plasma steroid levels in relation with the sexual status of the gonads over several reproductive seasons might provide valuable information on the mechanisms of sex inversion in ambisexual fish species. In addition, changes of plasma steroid levels in correlation with gonadal development, number of spawning, fecundity, were described clearly in many marine species. The review also indicated that exogenous administration of GnRH-a triggered for final maturation of brood stock of some teleosts. In summary E2, T, 11-KT and C21 steroids are in relation with sex inversion, reproductive processes and GnRH-a is successful for inducing gonadal maturation in some fish species.

scholarly journals Digestible energy of crude glycerol for pacu and silver catfish

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1448-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ernesto Balen ◽  
Patrick Nereu Tetu ◽  
Robie Allan Bombardelli ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Fábio Meurer
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Glycerol Utilization ◽  
Good Potential

The increase in global biodiesel production is originating a glycerol surplus, which has no defined destination. An alternative to overcome this problem is its use as energy source in animal feeding. In Brazil, Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is one of the most farmed native fish species, whereas Silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) is suitable for production in subtropical region. Considering little knowledge about crude glycerol utilization in feeds for Neotropical fish species, it was evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for energy of crude glycerol for P. mesopotamicus and R. quelen. The digestibility and digestible energy content of crude glycerol can be considered excellent even when compared to energy of common ingredients such as maize and wheat, presenting 0.97 and 0.89 of energy ADCs, and 15.2 and 13.95MJ kg-1 of digestible energy for Pacu and Silver catfish, respectively. In conclusion, crude glycerol is an energetic ingredient with good potential in Brazilian native fish diets.

ACCUMULATION OF LIPID IN RIB CUTS FROM BULL AND HEIFER CARCASSES OF TWO BREEDS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Muscle Sample ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Variable

A trial is reported comparing the accumulation of lipid in rib cuts from 12 bull and 12 heifer carcasses from two breed types: Hereford (HE) and Dairy Synthetic (DY). Serial slaughter was carried out from weaning (163 ± 15.1 (SD) days) to approximately 16 mo of age. The left side of each carcass was broken in two quarters, and then eight wholesale cuts. Fat samples (subcutaneous, intermuscular, body cavity) and a muscle sample were taken from the rib cut and analyzed for their lipid and energy contents. The rate of accumulation of lipid was estimated from the growth coefficient, b, in the allometric equation (Y = aXb) using total separable fat as the independent variable. Growth coefficients were homogeneous both between breeds and sexes indicating that neither sex nor breed influenced the relative accumulation of lipid. A significant sex difference (P < 0.01) was found when the lipid content of the fat depots and the rib muscle were adjusted to a constant side separable fat. No breed differences (P > 0.05) were found in the lipid content of the fat depots. A significant difference between sexes was also found in the energy content of the fat depots, but no differences were found between breeds, when the data were adjusted to the mean of the total side fat.

scholarly journals Proximate composition of commercially important fish species in southern Gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirut Geremew ◽  
Melesse Abdisa ◽  
Goraw Goshu
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Genital Papilla ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Gross Energy

The aim of the study was to determine the proximate composition of each sex of Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus and Labeobarbus intermedius fish species from the southern Gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. The fish samples were collected during the dry season of 2014 from the three fish landing sites, i.e., Bata, Micheal and Giorgis, where local fishermen sell their catches. Species were identified via morphological examination and color. Sexes were identified by observing genital papilla and gonads after dissection. After measuring weight and length of young fish species, fish weighing 201-310 g were selected for the study. A total of 72 fish, eight and four fish per species and sexes were selected, respectively, for each site. The sample size was determined using “resource equation" method. Only edible fillet was labeled and transferred to plastic bags according to species and sex. Then the sample was transported for proximate analysis to Addis Ababa Food Science and Nutrition laboratory using icebox at about 4 °C. Fish sample composites were prepared by taking the fish samples from the three fish landing sites for each sex and species. Samples were thawed at room temperature and oven-dried at 60 °C for 72 h, then ground into a fine powder. Proximate composition was determined following the procedure of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Data analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Nutrient content significantly varied among fish species; more protein was recorded from O. niloticus and fat from L. intermedius. Also, fat, ash and gross energy content were different between sexes; female fish contained significantly more fat and gross energy than males. In conclusion, consumers are advised to consume these species to obtain required nutrients.

Nutritional values of minor carps

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
BN Paul ◽  
S Bhowmick ◽  
S Chanda ◽  
N Sridhar ◽  
SS Giri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid

The nutrient profile of five carps, viz. Labeo bata, Labeo calbasu, Labeo fimbriatus, Cirrhinus reba and Puntius javanicus were studied. The samples were collected from different geographical locations of West Bengal, Odisha and Karnataka states of India. The data on proximate composition reveal that the moisture and fat content differed significantly (P<0.01) among the carp species. The fat content is significantly (P<0.01) higher in P. javanicus, L. bata and L. calbasu compared to L. fimbriatus. However, the protein and ash content did not differ significantly among the carp species. The potassium and copper contents differed significantly (P<0.01) among the fish species. Both potassium and copper contents were significantly higher in L. bata. The calcium content was maximum in L. fimbriatus. The saturated fatty acid (SFA), mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) differed significantly (P<0.01) among all the carp species. The palmitic acid was significantly higher in L. fimbriatus, which is the predominant SFA. Among MUFA, the oleic acid was significantly higher in P. javanicus. The total MUFA was significantly (P<0.05) higher in C. reba. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and total PUFA is significantly higher in L. bata. Among the essential amino acids, methionine was maximum in L. fimbriatus, P. javanicus and L. bata whereas in case of nonessential amino acids, the glutamic acid and aspartic acid were high in C. reba and L. calbasu. The gross energy content of the fish was higher in L. fimbriatus followed by C. reba and L. bata. The nutrient profile of these fish species reveal that they were rich in essential nutrients required for human healthSAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 215-231 (2018)

Changes in hydrological behaviour: case studies of the Unica and Rižana karst springs, Slovenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Ravbar ◽  
Gregor Kovačič ◽  
Metka Petrič
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gauging Station

&lt;p&gt;Environmental changes, such as alterations in precipitation and evapotranspiration regimes, changes in vegetation type, etc. are triggering direct impact on hydrological cycle through modified amounts and patterns of recharge conditions, as well as occurrence of more frequent and severe hydrometeorological events. Karst aquifers are particularly vulnerable to these effects due to highly dynamic hydrological processes. In this study, we were interested in studying the possibilities to observe changed hydrological behaviour of karst springs on a human timescale. Therefore, we focused on two examples in Slovenia, both regionally important for freshwater supply, agriculture and hydropower. The Unica spring mostly drains areas under moderate continental climate. Its catchment has been repeatedly and severely hit by natural disasters (e.g., ice break, bark beetle attack, windthrow) after 2014 causing large-scale forest disturbances. The catchment of Ri&amp;#382;ana spring, on the other hand, belongs to the moderate Submediterranean climate. There these types of disturbance did not occur in recent years (excluding some wildfires), but the catchment has been liable to substantial land use changes in the past six decades. For assessment of vegetation cover changes and large-scale disturbances in forests, historical digital orthophotos of the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia since 1957 have been compared with the recent land use data provided by Ministry of Agriculture, Economy and Food and forest state database of Slovenian Forest Service. At the same time, hydrological data of the Unica (Hasberg gauging station) in the period 1962-2018 and Ri&amp;#382;ana springs (Kubed gauging station) in the period 1966-2018 and precipitation data from Postojna (period 1962-2018) and Podgrad (period 1966-2018) meteorological stations have been processed. Individual flood pulse events over the 57 years for Unica and 53 years for Ri&amp;#382;ana have been separated. For each flood pulse various information about precipitation amount and intensity, duration of discharge increase, its intensity and amplitude have been specified. We compared these findings with the calculated trends of meteorological and hydrological variables and also changes in land use. The impact of particular environmental change on discharge values of both springs has been evaluated, showing that both, climate and land-use changes, have considerable impact on hydrological regime of studied karst springs. In particular, altered duration of flood pulses increase, their amplitude and intensity have been observed, meaning that the most important issues of water availability that are crucial for water-dependant economic sectors are under threat.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Phospholipase C-β1 Signaling Affects Reproductive Behavior, Ovulation, and Implantation

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (7) ◽  
pp. 3259-3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiotis Filis ◽  
Tamsin Lannagan ◽  
Ashley Thomson ◽  
Alison A. Murray ◽  
Peter C. Kind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Phospholipase C ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Infertility can result from a wide range of defects, from behavioral, through germ cell development and maturation, to fertilization or embryo development. Many of the hormones regulating these processes signal via G protein-coupled receptors, which in turn activate a range of plasma membrane enzymes including phospholipase C (PLC)-β isoforms. Transgenic mice lacking functional Plc-β1 (Plc-β1 KO mice) have been noted to have severely impaired fertility, but there has been little study of the reproductive processes affected by lack of this enzyme. This study examined reproductive behavior, gonadal development, fertilization, and implantation in Plc-β1 KO mice. Male and female Plc-β1 KO mice exhibited impaired reproductive behavior. No other defect in reproduction was noted in males, raising the possibility that the reduced fertility of Plc-β1 KO males could be due solely to impaired behavior. In contrast, female Plc-β1 KO mice exhibited both behavioral and nonbehavioral defects. Plc-β1 KO females ovulated only in response to exogenous hormones, with a large proportion of in vivo embryos recovered on embryonic d 4.5 exhibiting abnormal morphology. In addition, uteri of pregnant Plc-β1 KO females exhibited an implantation defect, with poor embryo attachment and a failure to up-regulate cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA.

scholarly journals HYDROELECTRIC DAMS FROM MADEIRA RIVER SEASONALLY IMPACTS THE FISHERIES PRODUCTION IN THE GUAPORÉ BASIN (RONDÔNIA, BRAZIL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Helen Cristina PARAZZI de Freitas ◽  
Carolina Rodrigues da Costa DORIA ◽  
Raniere Garcez Costa SOUSA
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Hydroelectric Dams ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Madeira River

In the Amazon region, fisheries play an important role in the socioeconomic and cultural context and are directly affected by changes in the hydrological cycle, which can interfere with the numbers and frequency of fish species landed. This study analyzed the variation of fishery production against the seasonality of the water level of the Guaporé River (a tributary of the Madeira River) using information contained in the records of fishery landings in the area under study. In addition, two periods pre (2000 to 2008) and post (2009 to 2019) installation of the Jirau and Santo Antônio dams in the Madeira River were considered. Fish production in the period prior to damming indicated linearity (r2 = 0.41) which was inversely proportional to the water levels of the Guaporé River, with low fish production in the flood and high production during the low water phases. However, for the period after damming, these variables showed low correlation (r2 = 0.14). Among the fish species exploited, 35.13% presented significant differences (p <0.05) between the production values for the periods before and after installation of the dams. Therefore, the results showed significant differences between the values of fishery production by species and phases of the hydrological cycle of the Guaporé River, which occurred in the periods pre and post damming of the Madeira River, which indicates that the hydroelectric dams have negatively impacted the fish stocks of this region. The information contained in this study is useful and serves as a basis for coherent decision-making, since it aids in the sustainable management and monitoring of fish stocks in the Madeira River Basin.

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