scholarly journals The pulmonary microbiome: challenges of a new paradigm

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Nathan Costa ◽  
Felipe Marques da Costa ◽  
Silvia Vidal Campos ◽  
Roberta Karla Salles ◽  
Rodrigo Abensur Athanazio
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Qualitative Knowledge ◽  
High Diversity

ABSTRACT The study of the human microbiome-and, more recently, that of the respiratory system-by means of sophisticated molecular biology techniques, has revealed the immense diversity of microbial colonization in humans, in human health, and in various diseases. Apparently, contrary to what has been believed, there can be nonpathogenic colonization of the lungs by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Although this physiological lung microbiome presents low colony density, it presents high diversity. However, some pathological conditions lead to a loss of that diversity, with increasing concentrations of some bacterial genera, to the detriment of others. Although we possess qualitative knowledge of the bacteria present in the lungs in different states of health or disease, that knowledge has advanced to an understanding of the interaction of this microbiota with the local and systemic immune systems, through which it modulates the immune response. Given this intrinsic relationship between the microbiota and the lungs, studies have put forth new concepts about the pathophysiological mechanisms of homeostasis in the respiratory system and the potential dysbiosis in some diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, asthma, and interstitial lung disease. This departure from the paradigm regarding knowledge of the lung microbiota has made it imperative to improve understanding of the role of the microbiome, in order to identify possible therapeutic targets and to develop innovative clinical approaches. Through this new leap of knowledge, the results of preliminary studies could translate to benefits for our patients.

scholarly journals General Health Benefits of Pranayama W.S.R. to Effects on Respiratory System: An Ayurveda Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 215-217
Author(s):  
Yogeshwar Ashok Tikle
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
General Health ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Therapeutic Measure ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Three Stages

Pranayama is traditional techniques practicing from ancient time of Indian civilization; it establishes balances of body, mind and spiritual health. Pranayama used for various purposes such as; maintaining health status & beauty, delaying age and as therapeutic measure against many pathological conditions. Pranayama involves three stages of respiratory practice; Puraka (inhalation), Kumbhaka (retention) and Rechaka (exhalation). These stages when practices with respiratory control then offer several health benefits. Pranayama improves circulatory process of body, boost respiratory system and helps in pathological conditions like; asthma and rhinitis. Present article summarizes role of Pranayama on respiratory system and related diseases.   Keywords: Pranayama, Respiratory System, Puraka, Kumbhaka and Rechaka.

scholarly journals Lung Microbiome in Asthma: Current Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Loverdos ◽  
Georgios Bellos ◽  
Louiza Kokolatou ◽  
Ioannis Vasileiadis ◽  
Evangelos Giamarellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Modes Of Interaction ◽  
Review Current

A growing body of evidence implicates the human microbiome as a potentially influential player actively engaged in shaping the pathogenetic processes underlying the endotypes and phenotypes of chronic respiratory diseases, particularly of the airways. In this article, we specifically review current evidence on the characteristics of lung microbiome, and specifically the bacteriome, the modes of interaction between lung microbiota and host immune system, the role of the “lung–gut axis”, and the functional effects thereof on asthma pathogenesis. We also attempt to explore the possibilities of therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome, aiming at the establishment of asthma prevention strategies and the optimization of asthma treatment.

scholarly journals Microbiome: A Supportive or a Leading Actor in Lung Cancer?

Pathobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Diana Martins ◽  
Fernando Mendes ◽  
Fernando Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
And Function

Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite the major diagnostic and therapeutic innovations, the effect on mortality has been modest and the overall survival is still poor. Better understanding of the pathology of these tumors is necessary in order to develop personalized therapeutic strategies in lung cancer patients. Human microbiome has been associated with normal physiology and function, and increasing evidence points towards a key role of the microbiome in promoting the progression of lung disease. Studies have shown that although poorly understood, lung has a distinctive microbiome that may an important role in lung cancer development and progression, and interactions between microbial populations have the potential to influence disease, suggesting that microbiome can be an emerging target in cancer therapeutics. We will review mechanisms how the lung microbiota influences carcinogenesis, focusing on the bacterial dysbiosis and inflammation. Moreover, we will discuss the link between the microbiome and cancer and the consequences induced by the immune system, as the host microbiota plays an essential role in activating and modulating the immune response. We summarize current research advances in the lung microbiome and demonstrate the potential to exploit microbiome as a mechanism to prevent carcinogenesis and modulate therapeutic strategy, suggesting microbiome as a valuable approach in lung cancer patients.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Interconnection Patterns Across Lung Microbiome, Respiratory Diseases, and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisavet Stavropoulou ◽  
Konstantia Kantartzi ◽  
Christina Tsigalou ◽  
Theocharis Konstantinidis ◽  
Chrissoula Voidarou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Lung Immunity

Albeit the lungs were thought to be sterile, recent scientific data reported a microbial microbiota in the lungs of healthy individuals. Apparently, new developments in technological approachesincluding genome sequencing methodologies contributed in the identification of the microbiota and shed light on the role of the gut and lung microbiomes in the development of respiratory diseases. Moreover, knowledge of the human microbiome in health may act as a tool for evaluating characteristic shifts in the case of disease. This review paper discusses the development of respiratory disease linked to the intestinal dysbiosis which influences the lung immunity and microbiome. The gastrointestinal–lung dialogue provides interesting aspects in the pathogenesis of the respiratory diseases. Lastly, we were further interested on the role of this interconnection in the progression and physiopathology of newly emergedCOVID-19.

scholarly journals (2) The Pathology of Isle of Wight Disease in Hive Bees

1921 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bruce White
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Isle of Wight disease is, as we have seen, primarily a disease of the respiratory system, in which the organism remains localised throughout the entire course of the attack.The effects are, however, far-reaching, and are registered in the disordered functioning of several organs, and in visible pathological changes in some of them.The parasitic invasion has two aspects.We have, in the first place, to consider the active injury wrought upon the host by a parasite developing and living at the expense of its body fluids. With this aspect of the question may be coupled the possibility of a definite toxic action on the part of the parasite.In the second place, we have to consider the passive rôle of the mites in hindering or inhibiting the normal functions of the infected organs.Before proceeding to consider the various pathological conditions, a few words on the distribution of the parasite within the host is called for.

scholarly journals THE CONTROVERSIAL ROLE OF PLACENTAL MICROBIOME IN PRETERM BIRTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Valentin Varlas ◽  
◽  
Ovidiu Peneș ◽  
Ioanina Părlătescu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
In Pregnancy

The correlation between the maternal and neonatal microbiome helps to understand the mechanisms that govern the metabolic and immune processes of the newborn. The literature of recent years brings pros and cons regarding the role of the placenta as a microbial residence and its involvement secondary to microbial colonization in premature birth. Additional multi-omics research will be needed to establish the role of this transient organ in elucidating the processes that govern premature birth. DNA sequencing has made it possible to identify microbial species in the human microbiome. Thus, the role of the maternal microbiome in pregnancy and related complications are partially elucidated. This article aimed to identify the diversity of species in the maternal placental microbiome, the possible association with the newborn microbiome, and the influence of dysbiosis in spontaneous premature birth (PTB). In pregnancy, the changes in the microbiome are multifactorial, and the analysis performed demonstrating the continuous intervention of the body in order to adapt the intestinal microbiota to have a positive maternal-fetal result.

scholarly journals Clinical and microbiological pathogenetic parallels with necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants Evidence-based prevention opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Irina A. Belyaeva ◽  
E. P. Bombardirova ◽  
N. A. Kharitonova ◽  
T. V. Potekhina ◽  
P. E. Sadchikov
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
New Concepts

There are summarized data of domestic and foreign publications on the issue of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in children born prematurely. There is presented the trend of the prevalence of this pathology in the last decade, especially epidemiology and significance of NEC in the structure of perinatal morbidity and mortality. There were analyzed new concepts on etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. In recent years, there was descripted the key role of some risk factors for the development of NEC - immatureness of intestinal barrier functions, local and systemic immunity, reduced tolerance to enteral nutrition (especially in the absence of breast-feeding), inadequate microbial colonization of the immature gastrointestinal tract. Modern research methods allow us to decipher subtle mechanisms of activation of the cascade of the intestinal inflammation and breakdown of the immune defense mechanisms. There are established cellular and humoral compartments of the immune response in NEC; there were revealed typical deviations in intestinal microbiota. The investigation of etiopathogenetical NEC factors is the basis for the development of targeted methods of the prevention and treatment of this severe disease in premature infants, including with the use of probiotics. There are presented data that the use of probiotics significantly reduces the incidence of severe NEC and mortality risk from NEC.

scholarly journals Microbiome Changes during Tuberculosis and Antituberculous Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Young Hong ◽  
Nancy Paula Maulén ◽  
Alexander J. Adami ◽  
Hector Granados ◽  
María Elvira Balcells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Antituberculous Drug ◽  
Health And Disease

SUMMARYThe critical role of commensal microbiota in the human body has been increasingly recognized, and our understanding of its implications in human health and disease has expanded rapidly. The lower respiratory tract contains diverse communities of microbes known as lung microbiota, which are present in healthy individuals and in individuals with respiratory diseases. The dysbiosis of the airway microbiota in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) may play a role in the pathophysiological processes associated with TB disease. Recent studies of the lung microbiome have pointed out changes in lung microbial communities associated with TB and other lung diseases and have also begun to elucidate the profound effects that antituberculous drug therapy can have on the human lung microbiome composition. In this review, the potential role of the human microbiome in TB pathogenesis and the changes in the human microbiome withMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection and TB therapy are presented and discussed.

INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK MENGGUNAKAN METODE ROLE PLAY DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Ansori Ansori
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Flexible Schedule ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Real Action

The use of various methods will greatly help students in achieving learning goals. As role play method is one way mastery of learning materials through the development of imagination and appreciation of students on learning materials. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. To analyze the data in this research using data analysis technique of Miles and Huberman model that is data reduction (Data Reduction), data presentation (Data Display) and conclusion (Conclution Drawing / verification) The findings in this research is innovation of role play method can change paradigm to the new paradigm so that the role of the teacher is more as a facilitator, counselor, consultant, and comrade study Flexible schedule, open as needed Learning directed by students themselves Problem-based, project, real world, real action, and reflection Design and investigation. Computers as tools, and dynamic media presentations.

A Review on Functions of Rakt Dhatu and Prana Vayu to Establish Lung Function Capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Vishal Shamrao Patil ◽  
Dr. (Mrs.) Manisha V. Bhalsing
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Lung Function Tests ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Forced Breathing

Lung function tests are useful in assessing the functional status of Respiratory system in both in physiological as well as pathological conditions. These are based on the measurement of volume of air breathed in and out in quite breathing & forced breathing. Air in lungs is classified in to two divisions’ lung volumes & lung capacities. Lung Capacities are the combination of two or more lung volumes. The concept of Rakt Dhatu & Vayu is important in case of respiration because Charaka says that pure blood provides the person with strength, luster & happy life because vital breath follows blood. It represents mechanism of oxygenated & deoxygenated blood & its relation with functioning capacity of Lungs. So In this article attempt has been made to review concepts regarding functions of Rakt Dhatu & Vayu to Establish Lung Function Capacity.

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