scholarly journals Soil contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs in a University in Mexico City

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Antelmo Celis Trejo ◽  
Camilo Romero Núñez ◽  
Adelfa del Carmen García Contreras ◽  
Germán Eduardo Mendoza Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Zinc Sulphate Solution ◽  
Contamination Levels

The contamination levels of Toxocara spp. eggs in soil samples from a university campus in Mexico City were evaluated and analysed according to garden size, and were related with the percentage of Toxocara spp. eggs and its viability according to the soil characteristics. A total of 1458 soil samples collected in 15 gardens (six large and nine small) were analysed by sedimentation-flotation with zinc sulphate solution on at 33%. Contamination was low (12.9%), and egg viability was high (65.5%). The size of the garden had no influence on the presence and viability of Toxocara spp. eggs. Contamination was negatively correlated with the percentage of vegetation (r = -0. 61, P < 0.01) and the viability was negatively associated with the percentage of clay in the soil samples (r = -0.51, P < 0.04). The size of the garden did not influence the presence and viability of Toxocara spp. eggs.

A Chain Modeling Approach To Estimate the Impact of Soil Cadmium Pollution on Human Dietary Exposure

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2504-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
EELCO FRANZ ◽  
PAUL RÖMKENS ◽  
LEO van RAAMSDONK ◽  
INE van der FELS-KLERX
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Animal Exposure ◽  
Dietary Cadmium

Cadmium in soil poses a risk for human health, due to its accumulation in food and feed crops. The extent of accumulation depends strongly on soil type and the degree of pollution. The objective of the present study was to develop a predictive model to estimate human dietary cadmium exposure from soil characteristics. This chain model consists of three basic steps: (i) calculation of plant cadmium levels from soil contamination levels and soil characteristics, (ii) calculation of animal transfer from consumption and contamination levels, and (iii) human exposure from both plant and animal products. Six soil scenarios were assessed, reflecting a specific contaminated region and ranging from 0.5 mg/kg of Cd (pH 4.5) to 2.5 mg/kg of Cd (pH 5.5). Cadmium levels in feed crops and vegetables were estimated with regression and mathematical models. Animal exposure and transfer to cattle kidneys, livers, and meat were calculated using a consumption database and a parameterized linear simulation model. Human exposure was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation, using a consumption database. The median human exposure for the different scenarios ranged from 0.24 to 0.98 μ/kg of body weight per day, which is comparable to results obtained from exposure levels based on observed field contamination data. The study shows that a chain model approach from soil contamination to human exposure, including animal exposure and transfer to animal products, can successfully be applied. The model can be used for fast evaluation of dietary cadmium exposure and the identification of risk areas based on soil conditions.

Assessing the Influence of Topography and Environmental Factors on Gamma-Ray Air Dose Rates Under Canopies 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misa Yasumiishi ◽  
Taku Nishimura ◽  
Jared Aldstadt ◽  
Pedram Masoudi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Remote Measurement ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Contamination Levels

&lt;p&gt;Researchers have measured aerial gamma-rays using remote measurement devices to estimate the radionuclide concentrations in soils. However, an issue arises when measuring air dose rates in forested areas, where canopies exist between the remote sensing device and the ground. When researchers do the reverse conversion from soil contamination levels to the air dose rates, the conversion formula is derived by assuming a flat ground surface (Jacob et al., 1994; Saito and Jacob, 1998); however, topography in forested areas is often not flat. This study examines the relationships among the air dose rates under the canopies, topography, and the soil contamination levels on forested hillslopes in Fukushima, Japan. Gamma-ray air dose rates were measured using a hand-held scintillator during the summer of 2018 (two days), and in the winter of 2019 using KURAMA, a portable scintillator carried in a backpack (one day). This study employed numerical methods, including semivariogram and R's CAR (Companion to Applied Regression) package, to find aerial gamma-ray activities' spatial structure and the optimal combinations of topographic predictors. The survey routes and soil sampling points did not coincide completely. Thus, spatial and temporal reorganizations and re-definitions of the spatial boundary to incorporate the air (boundaryless mass), topography (three-dimensional structure), and soil samples (point measurements) were needed to overcome data analysis challenges. Some preliminary results show that the median air dose rate on a summer day with stronger winds (wind speed 7.1 m/s) was closer to the one on a winter day than to the median on the other summer day with calm air. Distance dependency (semivariogram range) on the windy summer day and the winter day was 30 to 60 m. Distance dependency on a summer day with calm air was much longer, &gt; 500 m. The aerial gamma-ray levels were not in a linear relationship with the elevation. Meanwhile, the areas under evergreen trees showed higher air dose rates (3-8 %) than the areas under deciduous trees in absolute measurements. However, the differences were not statistically significant. The combination of slope degrees, hillslope aspects, and curvature or upslope distance best described the air dose rates, depending on the survey routes, although their predictabilities (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) were low, 0.35 at the most. The air dose rates, which were estimated from soil samples' effective relaxation mass depths, did not correlate with the actual air dose measurements, but this result is under further investigation. This study's complete results will provide additional consideration points to the gamma-ray air dose vs. soil contamination assessment in the forested areas.&lt;/p&gt;

Soil contamination with ascarid eggs in playgrounds in Kirikkale, Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aydenizöz Özkayhan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
The City ◽  
Human Health Hazard ◽  
Potential Human Health ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractContamination of soil with feline and canine ascarid eggs in eight playgrounds in Kırıkkale, Turkey was investigated monthly from February 2003 to January 2004. Dog faeces were also collected and all samples were examined using the zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation method. Eggs of Toxocara were observed in 5 of 8 (62.5%) of playgrounds examined and in 15.6% of 480 soil samples. The number of eggs varied from 1 to 11. Eggs were observed in soil samples collected in February, March to June, August and November, with embryonated eggs appearing in June and August. Eggs of Toxascaris leonina and Taenia spp. and oocysts of Isospora spp. were also found in 1.5%, 1.0% and 0.2% of soil samples, respectively. Of 26 samples of dog faeces collected, 7.7% were contaminated with Toxocara spp. and 11.5% with Taenia spp. The presence of Toxocara eggs in the city playgrounds and dog populations suggests a potential human health hazard due to toxocariasis.

scholarly journals Homing behaviour of pigeons subjected to unilateral zinc sulphate treatment of their olfactory mucosa

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (11) ◽  
pp. 2531-2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Benvenuti ◽  
A Gagliardo
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Initial Orientation ◽  
Sulphate Solution ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Homing Behaviour ◽  
Homing Performance ◽  
Zinc Sulphate Solution

Pigeons were made anosmic by unilateral treatment of their olfactory mucosa with a zinc sulphate solution and by plugging the contralateral nostril. In a series of releases at unfamiliar sites, 55&shy;79 km from the home loft, the experimental birds' homing behaviour was compared with that of two control groups: unmanipulated control birds, and birds subjected to unilateral zinc sulphate treatment and equipped with an ipsilateral nasal plug. The experimental pigeons exhibited homing behaviour &shy; in terms of both homeward initial orientation and homing performance &shy; significantly poorer than that of both unmanipulated and treated control pigeons. In addition, the homing behaviour of the treated controls turned out to be only slightly, and not significantly, poorer than that of the unmanipulated birds. The results show that the impaired homing capabilities of the zinc-sulphate-treated birds are due to the lack of navigational information and not to non-specific brain damage caused by the experimental treatment.

scholarly journals State of Heavy Metals Pollution of Flooded Agricultural Land in the North Part of Republic of Srpska

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Tihomir Predić ◽  
Petra Nikić Nauth ◽  
Bojana Radanović ◽  
Alen Predić
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
The North ◽  
North Part ◽  
Grid Points ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

This paper presents the results of the research of soil contamination in flooded area located at the confluence of Bosna and Sava rivers. The sampling was performed according to a network of points Etrs89 reference European Network based on grid points of 500 m x 500 m. The total number of soil samples was 31 and 13 samples of sediment-mud. In the soil samples and sediment-mud samples various parameters were analyzed: pH H2O and 1 M KCl, humus (method by Tjurin), and the readily available phosphorus and potassium (AL method). The interpretation of total content of heavy metals in the soil was conducted according to Dutch Soil Remediation Circular (2009). The samples were analyzed for the total content of heavy metals: Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu (aqua regia digestion, AAS) and the elevated concentrations of Ni. However, Ni content in mud was from 240.5 mg/kg to 294.5 mg/kg, in soil it was from 128.9 mg/kg to 452.1 mg/kg. All mud samples were alkaline, and 79% of soil samples were alkaline and of neutral reaction. The analysis indicated that the flood in May 2014 was not caused by soil contamination with heavy metals, which however contributed to the increase of the overall content of these elements in the soil.

scholarly journals Relações entre características químicas do solo e crescimento de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze., em Passo Fundo, RS

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Carmeli Antonia Cassol ◽  
Ari Zago
Keyword(s):  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Gley Soil ◽  
Growth Variation ◽  
Chemical Soil

The present work shows chemical soil characteristics and growth in plantings of Araucaria angustifolia, implanted in different soil types, in Passo Fundo, RS National Forest.Soils types were classified as Latosol Roxo, Lithosol Eutrophic Soil and Low-Humic Gley. Soil samples were taken randomly at 0 - 20cm deep in 400 m² area square plots. The chemical characteristics of the studied soils were related to growth variables by simple linear correlation.According to the findings, the chemical soil chemical characteristics were not considered adequate parameters to explain the growth variation observed for Araucaria angustifolia.

scholarly journals SOIL CONTAMINATION IN PUBLIC SQUARES IN BELO HORIZONTE, MINAS GERAIS, BY CANINE PARASITES IN DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Madureira Ribeiro ◽  
Ruth Massote Dracz ◽  
Lanuze Rose Mozzer ◽  
Walter dos Santos Lima
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The City ◽  
Recreation And Leisure

SUMMARY To evaluate soil contamination by parasites in different developmental stages in public squares used as recreation and leisure areas for children in Belo Horizonte (MG, Brazil), 210 soil samples and 141 canine fecal samples were collected from 42 squares in the city. These samples were analyzed by the Caldwell and Caldwell technique and the Hoffman, Pons, and Janer technique. Of the samples analyzed, 89 (42.4%) soil samples and 104 (73.5%) fecal samples were contaminated with Ancylostoma sp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., or Dipylidium sp. eggs; Giardia sp. cysts; or Isospora sp. oocysts. The commonest parasite was Ancylostoma sp., found in 85% soil and 99% fecal samples, followed by Toxocara sp., found in 43.7% soil and 30.7% fecal samples.

scholarly journals Ecological Indices of the Heavy Metals in the Soil of Shewasoor Sub-Basin, Kirkuk NE Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Jamal Akbar ◽  
Omer Sabah Al-Tamimi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Ecological Indices ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Contamination Levels

The current research aimed to assess contamination levels in the soil of study area by heavy metals. Eight sites were selected for the collection of soil samples. The eight heavy metals namely As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn were analyzed in each soil samples by using ICP-MS technology. The measured concentrations of heavy metals were compared with Geochemical Background values, EPA Sediment Quality Guidelines, Ecological Screening values, and WHO Guidelines. The spatial distribution maps of ecological indices were performed using ArcGIS software (version 10.2), which provides an idea of the geographical distribution of heavy metals contamination levels in the soil of Shewasoor sub-basin. The soil contamination by heavy metals assessed using Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), Nemerow Pollution Index (P_N), Hazard Index (HI), and Cancer Risk. The RI showed there are high risk of heavy metals in soil and according to P_N the soil has been moderate to severely contaminated by heavy metals. The hazard index of all soil samples was within acceptable range for adults and showed unacceptable risk for children. While the total cancer risk values of As and Cr were within acceptable limits, whereas of Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni were lower than acceptable risk range at all sites for adults and children. Ecological indices which are used to assess the contamination levels in the soil by heavy metals refers to the soil of study area was contaminated moderate to heavily by heavy metals, this attributed to the natural and anthropogenic pollution sources around and within the study area.

Respiration and Osmoregulation in Rainbow Trout with Gills Damaged by Zinc Sulphate

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-494
Author(s):  
J. F. SKIDMORE
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Osmotic Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Gill Ventilation ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Zinc Sulphate Solution

1. Damage to the gill epithelium occurs when hatched fish are killed rapidly by solutions of zinc sulphate. 2. The rate of routine oxygen uptake by lightly sedated, quiet, rainbow trout did not alter on exposure to a rapidly toxic solution of zinc sulphate. However, oxygen utilization decreased seven-fold, gill ventilation volume increased six-fold, heart rate was halved, coughing rate increased 18-fold and the Po2 of dorsal aortic blood declined. 3. Unsedated trout usually struggled on exposure to zinc. The survival time of struggling fish was reduced and oxygen uptake increased, but other physiological changes were similar to those in quiet fish. 4. The respiratory changes in poisoned trout were generally similar to changes observed earlier in the same fish under hypoxia. 5. The osmotic concentration and the concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc in blood were largely unaffected by immobilization in zinc sulphate solution. Trout survived a four-fold increase in zinc concentration in the blood by injection. 6. The results suggest that epithelial damage decreased the permeability of the gills to oxygen, and did not increase their permeability to cations. Zinc was not a rapid internal poison. Death was probably caused by tissue hypoxia, when maximum gill ventilation was no longer sufficient to supply the oxygen needs of the fish.

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