scholarly journals The Impact of Digital Infrastructure on African Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Calderon ◽  
Catalina Cantu
Keyword(s):  
African Development ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

Globalization, Migration, and the Challenges of Development in Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Akokpari
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
African Development ◽  
Development Feature ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe paper argues that, while globalization is a catalyst for international migration, its impact on Africa's development remains polemical. Generally, discussions on the impact of international migration on African development feature two contrasting views. One view, which is gradually gaining currency, points to tangible benefits from migration in the form of migrant remittance, which recent World Bank reports identify as the second largest form of capital flow to Africa after foreign direct investments (FDI). This view thus sees the impact of international migration on African development as positive. This paper, however, takes a different view and argues that the adverse effects of international migration on Africa, in the form of brain drain—the emigration of Africa's trained professionals—far outweighs the perceived advantages associated with migrant remittances. Consequently, on the aggregate, Africa's development suffers under the weight of international migration. The paper thus suggests the formulation of workable policies by the AU to manage the brain drain. Such policy measures should include a conscious attempt to address the root causes of the so-called "push factors" which instigate the emigration of Africa's brains in the first instance.

scholarly journals Online learning and digital competence: Ukraine and the world

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to strengthening the role and importance of online learning and digital competence of teachers and students in the context of globalization and accelerating scientific and technological progress. A comparative analysis of the development of ICT, relevant electronic devices and the introduction of open online courses in the world is done. The main difficulties, shortcomings and achievements in the process of accelerating the dynamics and scale of application of online and distance learning during the lockdown period caused by the coronavirus pandemic are defined. The examples of Ukraine and the European Union show a significant difference between the countries of the world in terms of the development of material and technical base of educational institutions, digital infrastructure, access to high-quality and high-speed Internet, readiness of teachers and students to study in new conditions. There is a significant gap between global scientific and technological development and digital competence of citizens. Based on the use of historical, logical, comparative methods, principles and laws of dialectics argues the need for a deeper and more systematic theoretical understanding of current trends in ICT, rapid improvement of digital competence, especially the teaching staff. The importance of introducing in-depth, systematic and systematic research in Ukraine to assess the available technical resources, quality and prospects of digital infrastructure, the level of digital competence of citizens, the dynamics of online training courses, the impact of the social environment on education. The subject of analysis and strategic decision-making in the field of national digital policy should be relevant social, political, economic and technological problems in the country, improving the legal framework, technical re-equipment of educational institutions of all levels, increasing motivation, especially teaching staff for self-improvement and digital competence.

scholarly journals E-Government Development & Digital Economy: Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Mohammad Gias Uddin ◽  
Mohin Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Sample Information ◽  
The Look ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Development

The main objective of this examine is to explore the elements that influencing the digital economic system and E-government courting. Commonly, the examiner is to analyze the impact of demographic variables are gender and schooling stage; as well as digital infrastructure, virtual readiness, virtual content material, and offerings on the digital economy in Malaysia. A minimum overall of 384 questionnaires could be disbursed to the goal respondents to collect the sample information. Four hypotheses helping to the developed to survey the particular targets of the examiner. Demographic variables expected to have a high-quality enormous relationship with the virtual financial system. Last however now not least, the findings of the look at shall offer statistics to E-government to understand what factors will affect the virtual economic system. Except, it shall additionally provide useful information for E-government to higher fit their people’s needs. The elements decided to boom high-quality dating among E-government and virtual financial system in Malaysia.

scholarly journals COVID-19 AND REGIONALISM IN AFRICA: THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC) RESPONSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-130
Author(s):  
Chilaka Chigozie ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Member States ◽  
African Development ◽  
Tourism Education ◽  
The Impact

This paper x-rayed COVID-19 and regionalism in Africa focusing on the response of the Sothern African Development Community (SADC). It tried to examine the trend of COVID-19 on the SADC sub-region; the impact of COVID-19 on the sub-region and responses by SADC member states. The paper notes that COVID-19 pandemic has had a deleterious effect on SADC member states with many lives lost and more still recovering from the virus. The pandemic no doubt has impacted considerably on economic activities such as tourism, education, aviation, and other major sectors of the region’s economy. It may be too early to know the full impact of COVID-19 on the SADC sub-region. To date the experience of member states are varied. While the SADC member states have responded well to the pandemic, member states should among others prioritize testing for persons exhibiting symptoms, including health workers and others who are in the line of the fight against COVID-19 and monitor ongoing services rendered by health workers in other to identify gaps to be filled.

The Impact of Digital Infrastructure on the Consequences of COVID-19 and on the Mitigation of Future Effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio García Zaballos ◽  
Enrique Iglesias ◽  
Martin Cave ◽  
Alexander Elbittar ◽  
Rubén Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

Digital trade facilitation and bilateral trade in selected Asian countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Normaz Wana Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Partners

Purpose Digital technology is gaining attention among many scholars as a way to facilitate trade. This study aims to investigate three important digital dimensions (DD), namely, digital infrastructure, digital usage and digital security on trade using selected Asian countries and 20 selected trade partners. Digital infrastructure focussed on the availability and accessibility of digital infrastructure in exporting and importing countries. The second dimension, digital usage, highlights the importance of household usage of mobile phones, broadband data and the internet. Finally, the third dimension focusses on digital security as many online transactions occur across the globe. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the gravity model to investigate the impact of DD as tools to facilitate trade in selected Asian countries with selected trading partners between 2003 and 2017. The Hausman test is used to determine whether to use the random effect model or fixed effect model. However, for robustness, the Hausman and Taylor estimation is used to allow the time-invariant model to be included and at the same time to remove correlations between the error terms. Findings The result of this study confirmed that having digital infrastructure is not sufficient for trade facilitation, but it must be supported with an intensity of use by businesses and consumers and be accompanied by strong internet security for trade. The study also revealed that a narrowing digital divide in terms internet users and security will be a benefit to both trade partners in a transaction through better and efficient trade facilitation. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature in three ways. First, the classification of DD is used to identify which dimensions need to be addressed for policymakers. Most studies focussed on the first two dimensions without including security dimensions. Second, the authors estimate digital trade facilitation variables for both exporters and importers to ensure unbiased results between two trade partners. Finally, this study introduces new variables in the analysis of the digital user gap and the digital security gap as indicators for the digital divide.

scholarly journals A Critique of Contribution of Tourism to Jobs in Southern African Development Community (SADC): Implications for Post COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Southern African Development Community ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
African Development ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Impact

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan province in China in December 2019 and its subsequent spread throughout the world brought the tourism industry to a standstill. Businesses closed down and large numbers of workers including those in the tourism industry lost their jobs. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) experienced similar challenges that occurred at the global level. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact that COVID-19 had on jobs in the tourism industry in the SADC region. The study employed a desk research approach. The study showed that the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector has set back the gains that the region had accumulated over the twenty three years of working together as one destination since the formation of the Regional Tourism Organization of Southern Africa (RETOSA) in 1997. A number of governments in the region responded by implementing measures that were aimed at cushioning tourism enterprises from the impact of the pandemic. All the subsectors of the tourism industry had to undertake a range of cost cutting measure to mitigate the impact of the pandemic the majority of which negatively affected employees in the sector. The study recommends that the public and private sector in the region closely work together to develop and implement policies and strategies that will create traveller confidence on the destination with regard to health and safety issues. It is further recommended that the governments of the region continue to assist business enterprises to enable them to be effective partners in the post COVID-19 programmes that each country will roll out. Keywords: COVID-19, Tourism, SADC, Jobs, Enterprises, Africa

scholarly journals The Impacts of Digital Infrastructure Transformation on Livestock System Sustainability in Rural Communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Gwaka ◽  
Julian May ◽  
William Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
System Sustainability ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
The Impact

Investments in digital infrastructure in marginalised communities are set to increase in the next decade. These are premised on the potential of digital technologies to contribute towards solving societal problems, including the fragility of food value chains in rural areas. Although there are mixed empirical findings on the impact of these digital infrastructure investments, huge investments are continuing amid changing ICT policies in most developing countries. This paper, using a case study of a local livestock value chain in a rural community in Zimbabwe, argues for the application of non-conventional approaches towards digital infrastructure transformation impact assessment. Using selected theories and frameworks (socio-ecological systems framework, choice framework and technology affordances theory) as well as empirical data from a project in a rural community, the paper shows that real-time impact assessment using context-specific metrics may reveal hidden digital infrastructure transformation impacts, positive and negative, that are often overlooked when traditional impact assessment approaches are employed. The findings of this study contribute towards improving approaches towards ICT impact assessment. Practitioners engaging in impact assessment are challenged to move beyond dependence on traditional metrics (e.g. access) to the adoption of participatory processes to decipher context-appropriate metrics.

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