Psychotherapy for Persons with Craniofacial Deformities: Can We Treat without Theory?

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elizabeth Bennett ◽  
Mary L. Stanton

In recent years, increasing numbers of experts have recommended that psychological support be available for cleft children and their parents. Few cleft palate centers however offer comprehensive psychological services. This paper presents some conceptual factors which may contribute to the paucity of psychological treatments available to cleft children and their families. Shortcomings in current concepts of emotional dysfunction in cleft children are discussed, and the effects of conceptual confusion on options for psychotherapy are outlined. Suggested directions in psychotherapy research for cleft children are discussed.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy McInnerney ◽  
Bridget Candy ◽  
Patrick Stone ◽  
Nicola Atkin ◽  
Joana Johnson ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Providing psychological support to people living with terminal illness is a fundamental part of hospice care. Recent research on delivery of psychological services in hospices in the United Kingdom (UK) on a national level, including inequalities or variation in practice, is limited. A nationwide survey will highlight any differences in provision and in doing so help focus future research and inform best practice both within the UK, and internationally. The specific objectives of this survey are to (1) chart the types of psychological support available to adult patients in hospices in the UK in line with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence model; (2) explore how services are organised; and (3) gather service perspectives on adequacy of care, and facilitators and barriers to appropriate practice. Methods A cross-sectional online survey emailed to adult hospices in the UK in November–December 2019. One staff member involved in the delivery and/or organisation of psychological support was invited to participate per hospice. Of 193 invited hospices, 116 took part. Results Sixteen percent rated their hospice psychological service as wholly adequate. The majority reported that services can access specialist professionals, but many relied on external referrals. Barriers to best practice included funding and staff capacity; facilitators included clear referral structures, audit and appropriate needs and outcome assessments. Conclusions Access to psychological professionals has improved since the last survey 15 years ago, but the majority of responders felt their overall service was not wholly adequate. Basic emotional support is largely felt to be sufficient, but our results indicate a need for improvements in access to more specialist care. Partnerships with external mental health services may be key. Our findings highlight core facilitators and barriers to providing good psychological care at the end of life that should be considered by services both within the UK and on an international level.


2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Nəzakət Əli qızı Quliyeva ◽  

It is clear that the school psychologist performs psychological services at school. However, it is not possible to implement this important issue qualitatively by one specialist. Therefore, the whole pedagogical staff, or more precisely, every teacher must have the skills to provide psychological services at school. In the end, the greatest responsibility still falls on psychologists. The main goal of the work of a school psychologist is to be able to freely implement psychological methods and tools to achieve a solution to the problem on the basis of an individual approach. Psychological research has long shown that it is much more difficult to eliminate a defect in a student's mental development than to prevent it in advance. Here the importance of psycho-prophylactic work is especially noteworthy. This aspect should be taken into account during psychological services at school. Key words: school, psychologist, psychological support, human education, personality formation, psychologist parameters


Author(s):  
L.V. Sennik ◽  
I.V. Mikheeva

The program-project “Organization and development of psychological services in the system of professional education of the Tomsk region for the period up to 2025” promotes the organization, systematization and development of the activities of psychological services in the system of profession-al education in the Tomsk region. In the system of professional education of the Tomsk region today, the activities of social and psychological services, mediation services, reconciliation services, psychological support services and others, which include a fairly narrow circle of specialists (education-al psychologists, social educators). The program-project is being implemented in the following areas: psychological, social, educational. An important advantage of the program-project is the possibility of creating a model of professional psychological and pedagogical support of participants in the educational process in professional educational organizations and its integration into the activities of psychological services of professional educational organizations of the Tomsk region.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Владислав Петров ◽  
Vladislav Petrov

The article is devoted to the problem of integration of individual psychological services of law enforcement agencies into a single, centrally controlled state structure. The study conducted a generalization of experience, analysis of statistical data on the organization of psychological support, work with personnel, information and analytical materials; the study of the legal framework of the organization of psychological support and the activities of psychologists of various law enforcement agencies, as well as functional and cost analysis. The novelty of the material is that according to the results of the study, the conceptual basis for the creation of an integrated psychological service is determined by us through the continuum "specificity of functions – universality of functions". The implementation of the generic (common) functions of psychologists (of virtually all activities on work with the personnel) is displayed in the new organizational structure (Federal interagency integrated psychological service). Specific functions (in the total volume of measures about 10 %) are assigned (remain, as before) to departmental psychologists. Level-regional organization of the new integrated structure takes into account the peculiarities of professional activities of all law enforcement agencies. Such innovation will allow to achieve saving of the Federal budget more than 5 % from the amount of funds allocated for the maintenance of psychologists of all power structures of the Russian Federation, to exclude duplication of similar actions, to increase density and quality of psychological work, to improve the social and legal status of psychologists.


Author(s):  
Diana Romanovska ◽  
Roksolana Mintianska

The urgency of the problem is determined by the growing need of participants in the educational process affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 for psychological assistance, and the lack of research that would help school psychologists, social educators to provide quality educational services in distance learning. The purpose of the article is to present the results of research on the psychological support of the educational process in quarantine, to present the experience of the scientific and methodological center of practical psychology and social work of Chernivtsi In-Service Teacher Training Institute, to determine strategies for scientific and methodological support of psychological services in pandemics and distance learning. The article analyzes the quantitative indicators of online activities, the subject of appeals to psychological services by students, parents, teachers during quarantine, Internet resources used in the process of psychological assistance in distance learning. It has been established that quarantine has reduced the productivity of the psychological service of educational institutions, caused restrictions in professional activities. School psychologists fulfilled their professional workload with students only by 18.8%, and social educators − by 9.7%. Many students were not covered by psychological support, socio-pedagogical assistance, and were left «alone» with their problems and difficulties at home. According to the results of the research, the strategies of scientific and methodological support of the activity of psychological service specialists are determined: development of autopsychological competence and self-regulation; development of digital competence; development of tools for professional activity on harmonization of psycho-emotional state, restoration of mental health in victims of the COVID-19 pandemic participants in the educational process.


Author(s):  
О.Д. Мухина ◽  
Н.А. Фомина

Актуальность темы определяется возросшим количеством безработных в современном обществе в связи с экономическим и эпидемиологическим кризисом, наличием противоречий между высокой потребностью безработных граждан в социально-психо­логической поддержке и отсутствием теоретической и практической разработки данного вопроса, а также преимущественно информирующим характером деятельности специалистов, работающих с этой категорией населения. В статье представлены результаты теоретического анализа психологических особенностей безработных граждан, осуществленного с целью определения направлений социально-психологической работы с ними, которая может обеспечить успешность адаптации этих людей к изменяющимся условиям жизни, связанным с потерей и поиском работы. Отмечены такие изменения в личности людей, потерявших работу, как страх, беспокойство, депрессия, невысокий уровень принятия себя и других, эмоционального комфорта и интернальности. К факторам, снижающим успешность адаптации безработных людей к новым условиям, отнесены повышенная тревожность, низкий уровень стрессоустойчивости, тревожный, неустойчивый, гипертимный типы акцентуаций личности, а повышающим ее — стрессоустойчивость, оптимизм, активность, коммуникабельность, интернальный локус контроля, эмоциональная лабильность, позитивное отношение к себе, своей жизни, позитивный атрибутивный стиль и др. Выделены невротизированный и конструктивный варианты поведения личности в ситуации потери работы; успешный и неуспешный, оптимистично и пессимистично настроенные типы безработных. С учетом всего вышесказанного определены основные направления социально-психологической поддержки безработных, коррекции их психологического состояния и помощи в трудоустройстве, среди которых выделены определение факторов, затрудняющих выход из кризиса после потери работы и выработка оптимальных способов быстрой и успешной адаптации к новым условиям. Указано на то, что расширение знаний о психологических особенностях личности безработных необходимо для их адресной социально-психологической поддержки и совершенствования работы специалистов по социально-психологическому сопровождению безработных граждан. The relevance of the issue is accounted for by the growing number of the unemployed in modern society, which is triggered off by the economic and epidemiological crisis, the discrepancy between unemployed citizens’ want of social and psychological support and the fact that the theoretical and applied aspects of the issue are underdeveloped and specialists who are expected to provide support provide information services instead. The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of unemployed citizens’ psychological characteristics. The analysis is conducted to estimate social and psychological support required to help unemployed people to successfully adapt to the changing conditions of life associated with employment loss and job search. The article shows that people who have lost employment are subject to dismay, anxiety, depression, low level of self-acceptance and acceptance of others, emotional discomfort, and internality. There are some factors that hinder unemployed people’s adaptation to the new conditions of life. These factors are extreme anxiety and low stress resilience, psycasthenic, unstable, and hyperthymic forms of accentuation. The factors that can improve one’s adaptability are stress resilience, optimism, active life style, communicability, internal locus of control, emotional liability, positive perception of self, positive attributional style, etc. The article discusses neurotic and constructive behavioral patterns in situations of job loss. It also deals with successful and unsuccessful, optimistic and pessimistic types of unemployed people. The analysis of the abovementioned factors enables the authors of the article to identify the major aspects of social and psychological support unemployed people need. It also enables the authors to elaborate strategies of psychological correction and employment assistance, such as the identification of factors that hinder one’s adaptation to the new conditions of life and the elaboration of strategies that will improve people’s adaptability skills. The article maintains that in order to improve the quality of social and psychological services rendered by specialists working with the unemployed and to ensure that all unemployed citizens get the required social and psychological support, it is essential to examine unemployed people’s psychological characteristics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Paula Mairead Sinnott ◽  
Nigel Hunt ◽  
Justin Shute ◽  
Susan Cunningham

Objective: To investigate: (1) orthodontists’ training experience in the psychological assessment of orthognathic patients and their wish for training/further training; (2) the availability of psychological support, referral patterns and outcomes after referral; (3) and adverse incidents prompting orthodontists to refer patients for psychological assessment. Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Methods: A 25-item questionnaire was designed to investigate the above mentioned aims. After a pilot study, the questionnaire was distributed to all members of the Consultant Orthodontist Group, British Orthodontic Society. Results: Based on a 29.1% response rate (n = 102), 76.5% of respondents had undertaken training in identifying orthognathic patients who may benefit from psychological assessment. However, 90.2% favoured further training. All respondents believed that some orthognathic patients would benefit from referral; however, 31.3% of units referred no patients at all, mostly due to limited/no access (66.7%). Most referrals (68.9%) were to psychiatrists/psychologists with dentofacial deformity expertise, with 28.9% of units having such services onsite (14 different units). Psychological referrals had potentially useful outcomes, with 36.4% of respondents sometimes changing treatment plans following referral. Clinical incidents were experienced by 35.1% of respondents, prompting referral of patients for psychological assessment; such incidents included patient suicides (n = 4). Conclusion: Most respondents had trained in psychological assessment of orthognathic patients; however there was a large demand for further training. Clinicians value the psychological services available; however, limited availability may affect referrals for some respondents. Adverse incidents are of real concern and highlight the need to ensure that training and resources are provided to support orthognathic patients and teams.


2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (S51) ◽  
pp. s82-s87 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. French ◽  
N. Shryane ◽  
R. P. Bentall ◽  
S. W. Lewis ◽  
A. P. Morrison

BackgroundThere have been recent advances in the identification of people at high risk of psychosis and psychological treatments have shown promise for preventionAimsTo compare the longitudinal course of psychotic experiences and emotional dysfunction in high-risk participants receiving cognitive therapy with those receiving treatment as usualMethodData from a recent randomised controlled trial of cognitive therapy for people at risk of developing psychosis were utilised to examine three different statistical models that were based on 432 measurements of psychotic experiences and 421 of emotional dysfunction (anxiety–depression) contributed by 57 participants across the 13 measurement occasions (monthly monitoring for a year)ResultsPsychotic experiences and emotional dysfunction were correlated and decreased significantly over the course of the study, with most improvement in the early months. The reduction in positive symptoms, but not emotional dysfunction, was enhanced by allocation to cognitive therapyConclusionsPsychotic experiences and emotional dysfunction appear to interact in people at risk of developing psychosis. There appears to be a specific benefit of cognitive therapy


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Ul'yanina

The monograph highlights the current trends in the modernization of higher education. Based on the analysis of categorical units of the competence approach, the concept of "personal competence" is formulated and its structural components are described. The features of psychological support of personal competence of law enforcement officers are determined. The methodology is substantiated and the structural and functional characteristics of the Concept of psychological support for the professional training of future specialists in educational institutions of higher education are described. The results of the law enforcement sphere of an experimental study, the purpose of which is to test the developed Concept, are analyzed. The publication is intended for specialists of psychological services in the education system, teaching staff and for everyone studying in educational institutions of higher education.


2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Tullio ◽  
Giulio Perrone ◽  
Clio Bilotta ◽  
Antonietta Lanzarone ◽  
Antonina Argo

The Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting fear, quarantine and lockdown measures implemented in Italy and other countries to contain the risk of contagion have seriously impacted the mental health of a large number of people. The need to offer psychological and psychotherapeutic support to these people, while respecting the government’s pressing calls to “stay home”, have led many psychologists and psychotherapists, both in the public and private sectors, to provide their professional services via teleconference, telephone, smartphone, etc. The aim of this work is to highlight some critical issues related to the sudden switch from the traditional method of providing psychological services to the digital one in Italy.


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