scholarly journals My Computer Is an Honor Student — but How Intelligent Is It? Standardized Tests as a Measure of AI

AI Magazine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Clark ◽  
Oren Etzioni
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Science Tests ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Honor Student ◽  
Critical Skills ◽  
Objective Tests ◽  
World Modeling ◽  
High Level

Given the well-known limitations of the Turing Test, there is a need for objective tests to both focus attention on, and measure progress towards, the goals of AI. In this paper we argue that machine performance on standardized tests should be a key component of any new measure of AI, because attaining a high level of performance requires solving significant AI problems involving language understanding and world modeling - critical skills for any machine that lays claim to intelligence. In addition, standardized tests have all the basic requirements of a practical test: they are accessible, easily comprehensible, clearly measurable, and offer a graduated progression from simple tasks to those requiring deep understanding of the world. Here we propose this task as a challenge problem for the community, summarize our state-of-the-art results on math and science tests, and provide supporting datasets

HALIMA KHUDAYBERDIEVA POETRY MASTERY TO USE SYMBOLS AND IMAGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Mehrinoz Abbosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Main Factor

The article deals with the skill of using symbols and emblems in the poetry of the poetess Halima Khudaiberdieva. Poetry is one of the highest forms of art, and its perception requires a high level,high taste, deep understanding from the reader. The article lists important aspects of the requirements for an original poem. It is emphasized that the main factor of mystery in the poem are symbols and allusions. Some examples from the poems of the poet are given and analyzed. Through this, an attempt was made to explore the artistic representations of the poet’s poetry

A Reflexive Approach to Teaching Writing: Enablements and Constraints in Primary School Classrooms

2021 ◽  
pp. 074108832110055
Author(s):  
Mary Ryan ◽  
Maryam Khosronejad ◽  
Georgina Barton ◽  
Lisa Kervin ◽  
Debra Myhill
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Writing Pedagogy ◽  
Teacher Talk ◽  
Teaching Writing ◽  
Writing Teachers ◽  
Teacher Interview ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
High Level ◽  
Teaching Of Writing

Writing requires a high level of nuanced decision-making related to language, purpose, audience, and medium. Writing teachers thus need a deep understanding of language, process, and pedagogy, and of the interface between them. This article draws on reflexivity theory to interrogate the pedagogical priorities and perspectives of 19 writing teachers in primary classrooms across Australia. Data are composed of teacher interview transcripts and nuanced time analyses of classroom observation videos. Findings show that teachers experience both enabling and constraining conditions that emerge in different ways in different contexts. Enablements include high motivations to teach writing and a reflective and collaborative approach to practice. However, constraints were evident in areas of time management, dominance of teacher talk, teachers’ scope and confidence in their knowledge and practice, and a perceived lack of professional support for writing pedagogy. The article concludes with recommendations for a reflexive approach to managing these emergences in the teaching of writing.

Semantic Relation Model and Dataset for Remote Sensing Scene Understanding

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Dezheng Zhang ◽  
Aziguli Wulamu ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Peng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Scene Understanding ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Scene Graph ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Relationship Extraction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Graph Generation

A deep understanding of our visual world is more than an isolated perception on a series of objects, and the relationships between them also contain rich semantic information. Especially for those satellite remote sensing images, the span is so large that the various objects are always of different sizes and complex spatial compositions. Therefore, the recognition of semantic relations is conducive to strengthen the understanding of remote sensing scenes. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-scale semantic fusion network (MSFN). In this framework, dilated convolution is introduced into a graph convolutional network (GCN) based on an attentional mechanism to fuse and refine multi-scale semantic context, which is crucial to strengthen the cognitive ability of our model Besides, based on the mapping between visual features and semantic embeddings, we design a sparse relationship extraction module to remove meaningless connections among entities and improve the efficiency of scene graph generation. Meanwhile, to further promote the research of scene understanding in remote sensing field, this paper also proposes a remote sensing scene graph dataset (RSSGD). We carry out extensive experiments and the results show that our model significantly outperforms previous methods on scene graph generation. In addition, RSSGD effectively bridges the huge semantic gap between low-level perception and high-level cognition of remote sensing images.

Countering Threats

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Margarita Jaitner
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mobile Web ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
High Level

The increased adoption of social media has presented security and law enforcement authorities with significant new challenges. For example, the Swedish Security Service (SÄPO) asserts that a large proportion of radicalization takes place in open fora online. Still, approaches to contain social media-driven challenges to security, particularly in democratic societies, remain little explored. Nonetheless, this type of knowledge may become relevant in European countries in the near future: Amongst other factors, the challenging economic situation has resulted in increased public discontent leading to emergence or manifestation of groups that seek to challenge the existing policies by almost any means. Use of social media multiplies the number of vectors that need law enforcement attention. First, a high level of social media adaption allows groups to reach and attract a wider audience. Unlike previously, many groups today consist of a large but very loosely connected network. This lack of cohesion can present a challenge for authorities, to identify emerging key actors and assess threat levels. Second, a high level of mobile web penetration has allowed groups to ad-hoc organize, amend plans and redirect physical activities. Third, the tool social media is as not exclusive to potential perpetrators of unlawful action, but is as well available to law enforcement authorities. Yet, efficient utilization of social media requires a deep understanding of its nature and a well-crafted, comprehensive approach. Acknowledging the broad functionality of social media, as well as its current status in the society, this article describes a model process for security authorities and law enforcement work with social media in general and security services work in particular. The process is cyclic and largely modular. It provides a set of goals and tasks for each stage of a potential event, rather than fixed activities. This allows authorities to adapt the process to individual legal frameworks and organization setups. The approach behind the process is holistic where social media is regarded as both source and destination of information. Ultimately, the process aims at efficiently and effectively mitigating the risk of virtual and physical violence.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation of the Preparation of Aluminium Alloy 2A50 Semi-Solid Billet by Electromagnetic Stirring

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5470
Author(s):  
Yongfei Wang ◽  
Shengdun Zhao ◽  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Electromagnetic Stirring ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
High Level

Electromagnetic stirring (EMS) has become one of the most important branches of the electromagnetic processing of materials. However, a deep understanding of the influence of the EMS on the thermo-fluid flow of the aluminium alloy melt, and consequently the refinement of the microstructure is still not available. This paper investigated the influence of the operating parameters of EMS on the magnetohydrodynamics, temperature field, flow field, and the vortex-shaped structure of the melt as well as the microstructure of the aluminium alloy 2A50 billet by numerical simulation and experiments. The operating parameters were categorised into three groups representing high, medium, and low levels of Lorentz forces generated by EMS. The numerical simulation matched well with the experimental result. It was found that a high level of EMS can improve the uniformity of the temperature and flow fields. The maximum speed was observed at the radius of around 25 mm under all EMS levels. Both the depth and diameter of the vortex-shaped structure generated increased with the enhancement in the EMS level. The average grain size of the edge sample of the billet was reduced by 48.3% while the average shape factor was increased by 51.0% under the medium-level EMS.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) Berorientasi Chemoentrepreneurship Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Pada Materi Larutan Penyangga

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Reni Andriani ◽  
Muhali Muhali ◽  
Citra Ayu Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Objective Tests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Way Anova

Buffer solution is a material that requires a fairly high analysis withan understanding of concepts that must be understood by studentsand requires practice in everyday life. Learning will be moremeaningful and provide a deep understanding to the learner if thelearning is adapted to the characteristics of the subject matter. Oneeffective solution is to apply the learning model POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) oriented Chemoentrepreneurship. The aim of thisresearch was to evaluatethe influence of learning model POE(Predict-Observe-Explain) oriented Chemoentrepreneurship tounderstanding the concept and. This research was conducted inMAN 2 Praya, the population in this research was student of MIAclass XI, sample was taken by using saturated sampling technique.The design of this research is prettes-posttest control group design.The instruments used to measure conceptual understanding weremeasured using objective tests. Hypothesis testing was performed byusing One-Way ANOVA test with SPSS 15.0 for windows. Based onthe results of the study can be concluded that: Application oflearning model of POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) orientedChemoentrepreneurship influence to understanding student concept.This is evidenced by the sig value. of 0.00 < 0.05.

E‐learning and digital library futures in New Zealand

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 346-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Carnaby
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Clear Insight ◽  
Digital Strategy ◽  
High Level

PurposeThis paper argues that in order to develop a seamless, accessible, learner‐centric next generation pedagogy that is scalable, sustainable, and will achieve a high level of systems and cultural interoperability, countries need a national Digital Strategy and an ICT vision for education, to bring this framework together.Design/methodology/approachA summary and description of national policy commitments, forward‐looking initiatives and practical outcomes in pursuit of an educationally effective national Digital Strategy for New Zealand.FindingsNew Zealand will make significant progress in achieving the aspirations of the next generation learner during the next 12 months. Libraries throughout the country are in a strong position to play a crucial role in this development.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper concentrates on a single national context, but does put the reader in a position where they can draw conclusions about how this model is applicable to other environments.Practical implicationsThe author argues that Libraries have a long history and deep understanding of standards‐led architectures which has achieved greater access to information and systems interoperability. The profession is in a good position to be a proactive partner in the development of next generation e‐learning experiences.Originality/valueThe paper gives clear insight into how national digital and educational strategies can be implemented on an effective, countrywide basis.

scholarly journals Research on the Relationship between Self Concept and Subjective Well- being of Normal University Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Lian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Normal University ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

In order to get a deep understanding of the relationship between self concept and subjective well being of normal university students, improve the level of normal university students’ subjective well being, strengthen the normal university students’ education and training, this paper adopted the Tennessee self concept scale and Index of well being sc ale to test a random sample of 234 students in China West normal university. The results showed that normal university students have a clear self concept and are at a high level of subjective well being. In addition to self criticism, normal university stu dents’ various dimensions of self concept and subjective well being were significantly positively correlated. The psychological self, self identity and moral self factor included in Normal university students’ self concept have significant regression effec t with subjective well being.

High-level Overview of Project Risk Management (PRM)

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
Yuri G. Raydugin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Biased Sampling ◽  
Project Risk Management ◽  
Parametric Methods ◽  
Project Risk ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of adequate project risk management (PRM) methodologies should be based on deep understanding of PRM context of a project to avoid PRM context—PRM method mismatch. Various realizations of bias can impede the selection. All PRM methodologies can be grouped as either conventional (they follow traditional PRM process steps to identify, evaluate, address, monitor, etc.) and unconventional (they are focused mostly at risk assessments). All PRM methodologies—deterministic (scoring), probabilistic (Monte Carlo), parametric, etc—have limitations. Deterministic (scoring) methods can help with development of risk addressing although they are useless for development of project contingencies. Monte Carlo methods can be used for development of project contingencies only if they take into account all relevant components of project risk exposure consistently. Parametric methods suffer from using biased sampling—convenience and judgement sampling—that undermine their accuracy. Two emerging methodologies—system dynamics and artificial neural networks (ANN)—can be considered unconventional.

scholarly journals Insights into the mechanisms controlling the residual corrosion rate of borosilicate glasses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Gin ◽  
Xiaolei Guo ◽  
Jean-Marc Delaye ◽  
Frédéric Angeli ◽  
Kamalesh Damodaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Gel Layer ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

AbstractBorosilicate glasses are widely used to confine high-level radioactive wastes. The lifetime of these materials could reach hundreds of thousands of years if leaching of the glass into groundwater enables the formation of a passivating gel layer. Even in this regime, the glass will never stop corroding as thermodynamic equilibrium between glass and solution cannot be achieved. Therefore, accurate predictions of glass durability including passivation, require a deep understanding of the mechanisms controlling the so-called residual rate. However, despite tremendous efforts, these mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, focusing on the behavior of the soluble elements of the International Simple Glass (B, Na, and Ca), we show that the residual rate is controlled by the behavior of B, a glass former supposed to dissolve instantaneously when in contact with water and thus widely considered as an ideal tracer. We then demonstrate that B release is controlled by multiple processes highly dependent on the pH. At the beginning of the passivating layer formation, the hydrolysis of B-O-Si linkages is rate-limiting and has an activation energy of ∼60 kJ mol−1, a value slightly lower than that for breaking Si-O-Si linkages. Once the fraction of closed pores resulting from gel restructuring is high enough, then diffusion of both reactants (water molecules) and some products (mainly Baq, Caaq) through the growing gel layer becomes rate-limiting. Consequently, B and Ca accumulate in an inner layer referred to as the active zone, with potential feedback on the B-O-Si hydrolysis. A new paradigm, including B as a key element of the system, is proposed to develop a comprehensive model for the corrosion of borosilicate glass.

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