scholarly journals Projection of future world water resources under SRES scenarios: water withdrawal / Projection des ressources en eau mondiales futures selon les scénarios du RSSE: prélèvement d'eau

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANJUN SHEN ◽  
TAIKAN OKI ◽  
NOBUYUKI UTSUMI ◽  
SHINJIRO KANAE ◽  
NAOTA HANASAKI
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Sres Scenarios

Mapping global water projects: improving access to donor investment information on the web

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
J. Lisa Jorgensona
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Projects ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Water Project ◽  
The Web

This paper discusses a series of discusses how web sites now report international water project information, and maps the combined donor investment in more than 6000 water projects, active since 1995. The maps show donor investment:  • has addressed water scarcity,  • has improved access to improvised water resources,  • correlates with growth in GDP,  • appears to show a correlation with growth in net private capital flow,  • does NOT appear to correlate with growth in GNI. Evaluation indicates problems in the combined water project portfolios for major donor organizations: •difficulties in grouping projects over differing Sector classifications, food security, or agriculture/irrigation is the most difficult.  • inability to map donor projects at the country or river basin level because 60% of the donor projects include no location data (town, province, watershed) in the title or abstracts available on the web sites.  • no means to identify donor projects with utilization of water resources from training or technical assistance.  • no information of the source of water (river, aquifer, rainwater catchment).  • an identifiable quantity of water (withdrawal amounts, or increased water efficiency) is not provided.  • differentiation between large scale verses small scale projects. Recommendation: Major donors need to look at how the web harvests and combines their information, and look at ways to agree on a standard template for project titles to include more essential information. The Japanese (JICA) and the Asian Development Bank provide good models.

scholarly journals Evaluating Cryospheric Water Withdrawal and Virtual Water Flows in Tarim River Basin of China: An Input–Output Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7589
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Shiwei Liu ◽  
Cunde Xiao ◽  
Cuiyang Feng ◽  
Chenyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Tarim River ◽  
Tarim River Basin ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Water Flows

In Tarim River Basin (TRB), the retreat of glacier and snow cover reduction due to climate warming threatens the regional economy of downstream basins that critically depends on meltwater. However, the quantitative evaluation of its impact on multiple sectors of the socioeconomic system is incomplete. Based on compiled regional input–output table of the year 2012, this study developed a method to analyze the relationships between economic activities and related meltwater withdrawal, as well as sectoral transfer. The results show that the direct meltwater withdrawal intensity (DMWI) of agriculture was much higher than other sectors, reaching 2348.02 m3/10,000 CNY. Except for A01 (agriculture) and A02 (mining and washing of coal), the embodied meltwater withdrawal (EMW) driven by the final demand of other sectors was greater than direct meltwater withdrawal, and all sectors required inflows of virtual water (72.45 × 108 m3, accounting for 29% of total supply from cryospheric water resources) for their production processes in 2012. For sectors with high DMWI, improving water-use efficiency is an effective way to reduce water withdrawal. To some extent, the unbalanced supply of cryospheric water resources due to geographical segregation can be regulated by virtual water flows from water-saving to water-intensive sectors. Such decisions can affect the balance between socioeconomic development and environment conservation for long-term sustainability.

Data Mining Model in Regional Target Decomposition of Water Resources Utilization Efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2082-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wei Chen ◽  
Ji Wen Huang ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Shi Dong Fu ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Mining Model ◽  
Municipal Level

Data mining model is the most important technical basis of the control target decomposition for the most stringent water resources management of Shandong province. K-means clustering model is adopted to analysis the water withdrawal of industrial added value per ten thousand yuan in 2010. Based on the yearly industrial water consumption trend from 1995 to 2010 of 17 municipal-level cities in Shandong province, the ARIMA (p, d, q) model is established through a lot of fitting and optimization and then the regional industrial water demand and water utilization efficiency in 2015 were forecasted. According to the proposed principal and technical route of target decomposition, the industrial water utilization efficiency target in 2015 of the whole province and 17 municipal-level cities are defined respectively.

scholarly journals Policy reforms to promote efficient and sustainable water use in Swiss agriculture

Water Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Finger ◽  
Niklaus Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Scarce Water ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Irrigation Technologies

The more sustainable use of scarce water resources is a policy goal in several countries. In this regard, current discussions on potential policy reforms in Switzerland revolve around the subsidization of water-saving irrigation technologies. Today, the share of drip irrigation systems is low, at 3%. In Switzerland, environmental laws specify levels of water flow that must not be undercut. Variable pricing of water, however, has not yet been used. This paper analyzes whether subsidies on water-saving irrigation techniques would be beneficial in this legislative setting, and shows that such subsidies may have crowding out effects because they could provide incentives to switch from non-irrigated crops (e.g. wheat) to the production of crops (e.g. potatoes) that require irrigation. This may result in even higher water withdrawal rates. Such an increased competition for water resources may also result in adverse conditions for farmers. By contrast, our analysis shows the implementation of water prices could lead to a sustainable increase in the share of water-saving technologies, to a shift from irrigated to non-irrigated crops, and therefore to a reduction of overall water use in agriculture. Thus, the introduction of water prices should have absolute priority if agricultural water policies are reformed in Switzerland.

scholarly journals Food Security in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): The Great Competition between the Agricultural and Forestry Sector on Irrigation Resources

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan Marwan Shahin ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Muhsen Salem
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Annual Water

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a country that has scarcity in fresh water resources. Groundwater, which contributes to 70% of the total water resources in the country, is a non-renewable water resource. This resource plays significant role in converting the desert to a green paradise. It covers around 95% and 82% of the watering requirements of the agricultural and forestry sector, respectively. Besides the critical problems that this resource suffers from; including depletion, saline water intrusion and contamination. It has also a limited life time expectancy, estimated to be between 16 to 36 years. The total annual water withdrawal by the green sector in the country is estimated to be above 2198 million m3, from which above 32% is used to cover the irrigation requirements for the forestry sector and landscaping, while the rest amount is used for crop production purposes. The great competition between the two sectors, lead to make the sustainability approach in maintaining both sectors extremely difficult, especially with the absence of groundwater supply and the sharp population growth. Therefore, serious and quick actions have to take place; in order to save the future of food security in the UAE.

scholarly journals An integrated model for the assessment of global water resources – Part 2: Applications and assessments

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hanasaki ◽  
S. Kanae ◽  
T. Oki ◽  
K. Masuda ◽  
K. Motoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. To assess global water resources from the perspective of subannual variation in water availability and water use, an integrated water resources model was developed. In a companion report, we presented the global meteorological forcing input used to drive the model and six modules, namely, the land surface hydrology module, the river routing module, the crop growth module, the reservoir operation module, the environmental flow requirement module, and the anthropogenic withdrawal module. Here, we present the results of the model application and global water resources assessments. First, the timing and volume of simulated agriculture water use were examined because agricultural use composes approximately 85% of total consumptive water withdrawal in the world. The estimated crop calendar showed good agreement with earlier reports for wheat, maize, and rice in major countries of production. In major countries, the error in the planting date was ±1 mo, but there were some exceptional cases. The estimated irrigation water withdrawal also showed fair agreement with country statistics, but tended to be underestimated in countries in the Asian monsoon region. The results indicate the validity of the model and the input meteorological forcing because site-specific parameter tuning was not used in the series of simulations. Finally, global water resources were assessed on a subannual basis using a newly devised index. This index located water-stressed regions that were undetected in earlier studies. These regions, which are indicated by a gap in the subannual distribution of water availability and water use, include the Sahel, the Asian monsoon region, and southern Africa. The simulation results show that the reservoir operations of major reservoirs (>1 km3) and the allocation of environmental flow requirements can alter the population under high water stress by approximately −11% to +5% globally. The integrated model is applicable to assessments of various global environmental projections such as climate change.

scholarly journals Reorganization of water demand under changing conditions with possibilistic programming

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Spiliotis ◽  
Luis Garrote ◽  
Adriana Chavez-Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Availability Constraints ◽  
Possibilistic Programming

To adapt water resources management to changing conditions, the amount of water allocated to the different demands may be redistributed to satisfy water availability constraints. To achieve this, an interactive possibilistic programming procedure is proposed. The main criterion for the reorganization of water allocation to irrigation demands is net water productivity. To cope with uncertainty in problem formulation, the decision variables (amount of water allocated to each demand) are considered fuzzy triangular numbers. The proposed methodology is a combination of an intensive simulation process that determines the maximum cumulative potential water withdrawal with an interactive flexible possibilistic approach. The use of multicriteria techniques can be easily included within the interactive process in order to face the fuzziness of the water productivity term and to improve the final decision incorporating several dimensionals. The proposed method is applied to a real and complex problem, the Guadalquivir River Basin District in Spain, to identify an adaptive water resources management scheme that can react to the projected climate change scenarios by reorganizing the water allocated to irrigation demands.

scholarly journals WILLINGNESS TO PAY (WTP) JASA LINGKUNGAN SUMBERDAYA AIR TANAH SUMUR DI KOTA KUPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Aplonia Bani ◽  
Fredrik Benu ◽  
Herry Kotta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract: This study using an interview for survey, respondents were asked a series of questions about their willingness to pay for environmental services as hypothetical research, which would assist in the conservation of water resources. Willingness to pay (WTP) for the owners who commercialized the well water using bidding game methods with offers of different starting points was asked to the respondents for the Groundwater Basin (CAT) Tabun-Bakunase-Haukoto-Sikumana, CAT Kupang-Oesapa-Tarus, CAT Penfui and Baumata, CAT Bolok-Tenau-Alak-Namosain. The results of the study showed that the value of Willingnes To Pay of the well owner was commercialized from 17 respondents who were willing to pay in the amount of Rp. 518.209 or Rp.6,100/m3. The average cost of production around Rp. 146.650/day, with the amount of discharged water that taken is 4.175 m3, with a cost per 5 m3 is Rp. 3.482, resulting in Rp.30.997 surplus for the producer. Consumer Respondent surplus towards payment of environmental services for commercialized wells water resources is Rp. 496.000,. The consumption of commercialized well water resources in Kupang on CAT Bolok-Tenau-Alak-Namosain is 150 m3/day or 54.750 m3/year, CAT Tabun-Bakunase-Haukoto-Sikumana is 2.600 m3/day or 949.000 m3/year, CAT Kupang- Oesapa-Tarus is 1.125 m3/day or 410.625 m3/year, CAT Penfui is 300 m3/day or 109.500 m3/year, and the amount of water withdrawal is less than the potential of groundwater in each CAT, so there is a surplus of water discharge that taken on CAT in the city of Kupang. The factors that influence the agreed response based on the test results indicate that the risk factors that have a low level of risk are Age (X1), Education (X2), Occupation (X3), Cost (X5), while risk factors that have a strong level of risk are Acceptance (X4) and Environmental Services Knowledge (X6). For Age risk factors (X1), Education (X2), Employment (X3), Costs (X5) have a low level risk level, this means that these factors are not risk factors that can pose a high risk on the willingness of the respondents to pay (WTP). While Acceptance (X4) and Environmental Services Knowledge (X6) have strong risk factors which means that these factors pose a strong risk to the willingness of respondents to pay (WTP), so that a significant effect is partially between acceptance and knowledge of environmental services to willingness of well owners in paying for groundwater environmental services that are used as economic goods. Acceptance and knowledge of environmental services have a significant effect because the greater the acceptance and knowledge of environmental services, the greater the willingness to pay for environmental services.

scholarly journals Water Resources and Food Safety: Partnership of Russia and Countries of Asia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
Production Increase

The volume of renewable water resources and specific water availability in countries of Asia is shown. It has been found that at present more than 1.7 billion people live in the conditions of water stress and scarcity. Volumes of fresh water withdrawal for various purposes in Asian countries for 1980–2010 and predominant role of agrarian sector have been shown. Some measures aimed at the water availability for agriculture have been presented. Forecasts of increase of the global demand for grain and cattle-breeding products by 2050 is given and it has been found that Asia will play the leading role in global agriculture trends formation. It has been shown that Russia could become one of the leaders on the market of water-consuming agricultural products as it possesses enormous reserves for grain production increase. Problems with pure drinking water supply in Asian countries have caused drastic increase of bottled water consumption. Bottled water markets in Asian countries are the most rapidly growing in the world. Possibilities of Russia’s cooperation with its Asian neighbors in bottled water supply are shown.

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