scholarly journals Water Resources and Food Safety: Partnership of Russia and Countries of Asia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
Production Increase

The volume of renewable water resources and specific water availability in countries of Asia is shown. It has been found that at present more than 1.7 billion people live in the conditions of water stress and scarcity. Volumes of fresh water withdrawal for various purposes in Asian countries for 1980–2010 and predominant role of agrarian sector have been shown. Some measures aimed at the water availability for agriculture have been presented. Forecasts of increase of the global demand for grain and cattle-breeding products by 2050 is given and it has been found that Asia will play the leading role in global agriculture trends formation. It has been shown that Russia could become one of the leaders on the market of water-consuming agricultural products as it possesses enormous reserves for grain production increase. Problems with pure drinking water supply in Asian countries have caused drastic increase of bottled water consumption. Bottled water markets in Asian countries are the most rapidly growing in the world. Possibilities of Russia’s cooperation with its Asian neighbors in bottled water supply are shown.

Analysis on Water Resources Supply and Demand Balance of Rural Land Remediation Project in Baishan City, Jilin Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 2132-2137
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Xu ◽  
Xu Feng Liang ◽  
Xiu Juan Liang ◽  
Chang Lai Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Project Area ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Relevant Calculation

Water resources are an important influence factor of land remediation. As support of food production, analysis of water resources supply and demand balance is an important part and technical support of the construction. According to some relevant calculation formulas on water resources assessment, after forecast of water demand and the calculation of water supply, in the project area of the demonstration construction of whole rural land remediation in Baishan City, the average water availability for many years is 8990.1 thousand m3 each year, in which surface water availability is 7210.6 thousand m3, groundwater availability is 1579.4 thousand m3. Water demand is 5552.4 thousand m3 in 2015, in which water demand for life 4165.2 thousand m3; water demand for agricultural irrigation is 1387.2 thousand m3. Water supply is more than water demand; the results show that there is a slight surplus of water resources in the region. The basic supply-demand balance can be achieved in conditions of the design of water supply project in the project area.

Analisis Neraca Air dan Prasarana Tampungan Air di DAS Ciujung

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Yulia Dwi Kurniasari ◽  
Hadi Susilo Arifin ◽  
Muhammad Yanuar Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Availability Index

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk, laju pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengembangan wilayah berdampak pada kondisi sumber daya air. Keterbatasan prasarana tampungan air menjadi penyebab pentingnya distribusi sumber daya air secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kondisi neraca air dan prasarana tampungan air yang ada di DAS Ciujung. Metode yang digunakan adalah menghitung kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air, Neraca surplus-defisit, Indeks Pemakaian Air (IPA) dan Indeks ketersediaan air per kapita berdasarkan metode SNI 6728.1.2015 serta indikator tampungan air. Ketersediaan air dihitung berdasarkan debit andalan 80% (Q80). Kebutuhan air dihitung dari kebutuhan rumah tangga, perkotaan, industri (RKI), irigasi, peternakan, perikanan dan pemeliharaan sungai. Prasarana tampungan air dihitung melalui indikator tampungan bangunan konservasi air yang ada. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan air di DAS Ciujung sebesar 37,52 m3/detik sedangkan ketersediaan airnya sebesar 36,57 m3/detik. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya defisit air sebesar 0,95 m3/detik. Indeks Pemakaian Air sebesar 1,03 (kategori jelek). Indeks ketersediaan air per kapita sebesar 623,05 (indikasi kelangkaan air). Sedangkan indikator tampungan air sebesar 31,34% (kategori baik).  ABSTRACTThe population growth, the rapid rate of economic growth and regional development will have an impact on the condition of water resources. Limited water storage infrastructure is the importance cause of allocating water resources. The objective of study is to know the water balance and water storage infrastructure in Ciujung Watershed. The analysis methods was used to calculate the amount of water supply and demand, to calculate the surplus-deficit balance, Water Consumption index (IPA), Water Availability Index per Capita refers to SNI 6728.1.2015 and water storage indicator. Water supply calculation based on the mainstay discharge of 80% (Q80). Water demands calculation from the demand of households, cities and industries (RKI), irrigation, livestock, fisheries and river maintenance. Capacity of existing water conservation storage used to predict the water storage infrastructure. The results of analysis show that the water demands in Ciujung Watershed is 37,52 m3/second, while the water supply is 36,57 m3/second. This indicates there is a water deficit of 0,95 m3/second. According to calculation, Water Consumption Index is 1,03 (bad category), It resulted that Water availability index per capita is 623,05 (water scarcity indicator). On the other hand, Indicator for water storage is 31,34% (good category).

scholarly journals An integrated model for the assessment of global water resources – Part 2: Applications and assessments

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hanasaki ◽  
S. Kanae ◽  
T. Oki ◽  
K. Masuda ◽  
K. Motoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
Global Water

Abstract. To assess global water resources from the perspective of subannual variation in water availability and water use, an integrated water resources model was developed. In a companion report, we presented the global meteorological forcing input used to drive the model and six modules, namely, the land surface hydrology module, the river routing module, the crop growth module, the reservoir operation module, the environmental flow requirement module, and the anthropogenic withdrawal module. Here, we present the results of the model application and global water resources assessments. First, the timing and volume of simulated agriculture water use were examined because agricultural use composes approximately 85% of total consumptive water withdrawal in the world. The estimated crop calendar showed good agreement with earlier reports for wheat, maize, and rice in major countries of production. In major countries, the error in the planting date was ±1 mo, but there were some exceptional cases. The estimated irrigation water withdrawal also showed fair agreement with country statistics, but tended to be underestimated in countries in the Asian monsoon region. The results indicate the validity of the model and the input meteorological forcing because site-specific parameter tuning was not used in the series of simulations. Finally, global water resources were assessed on a subannual basis using a newly devised index. This index located water-stressed regions that were undetected in earlier studies. These regions, which are indicated by a gap in the subannual distribution of water availability and water use, include the Sahel, the Asian monsoon region, and southern Africa. The simulation results show that the reservoir operations of major reservoirs (>1 km3) and the allocation of environmental flow requirements can alter the population under high water stress by approximately −11% to +5% globally. The integrated model is applicable to assessments of various global environmental projections such as climate change.

scholarly journals Valuing Florida Water Resources: Households’ Willingness to Pay for Water Availability

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Tatiana Borisova ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Xiang Bi ◽  
Kelly Grogan ◽  
Tara Wade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Goods And Services

This paper is a part of the EDIS series “Economic Value of Florida Water Resources”. As the other papers in the series discuss, water resources provide us with a variety of goods and services (often referred to as ecosystem services). This paper discusses another ecosystem service that Florida water resources provide: water supply for households needs. In this article, we present several examples of valuing water availability found in literature and focused on Florida and other regions.

scholarly journals Water resources management: traditional technology and communities as part of the solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hussain ◽  
I. Husain ◽  
M. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Minimum Requirement

Abstract. Rajasthan, the largest State in India, has one of the most critical water statuses. Rajasthan, with more than 10.4 % of the country’s geographical area, supports more than 5.5 % of the human population and 18.70 % of the livestock, but only has 1.16 % of the total surface water available in the country. More than 60 % of the state is a part of the Great Thar Desert, and of the total 142 desert blocks in the country, 85 blocks are in the state of Rajasthan. The per capita annual water availability in the state is about 780 m3, compared with the minimum requirement of 1000 m3. It is feared that the availability would fall below 450 m3 by the year 2050. Thus, increasing population coupled with erratic rainfall further aggravates the water crisis. It is possible to harvest and augment water resources through the construction of small water harvesting structures called johads and the implementation of local water governance. This has been amply demonstrated by the successful experience of local communities in Alwar District in Rajasthan. Since 1985, 8600 johads have been built in 1086 villages. This has resulted in the rise in water levels in the shallow aquifer, increase in the area under single and double crops, increase in forest cover and drinking water supply security. The water collected in a johad during the monsoon penetrates into the sub-soil. This recharges the groundwater and improves the soil moisture in vast areas. The water in the johad can be used directly for irrigation, drinking water by animals, and other domestic purposes. The other advantage of this structure is that it checks soil erosion, mitigates floods, and ensures water availability in wells or boreholes used for drinking water supply, even for several successive drought years. Also, during the dry season when the water gradually recedes in the johad, the land inside the johad itself becomes available for cultivation.

scholarly journals Analysis of regional features of water use structure in the North Caucasus. Part 1. Water availability and water consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Е.А. Rybak ◽  
◽  
О.О. Rybak ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Impact

The key task of the societal development is to ensure effective management of water resources. As a consequence of aggravation of water problems in the world, the issues of sustainable and guaranteed access to water are considered as one of the components of ensuring food security, conservation and restoration recovery of natural resources, which are the basis of life support for the population. To date, the regulation of water resources in the North Caucasus experiences difficulties resulting from fragmented water use, unequal access to water, and contradictory legislation in the field of water use regulation. These problems are compounded by two factors: climate change and demographic situation. The main problem of water consumption in Russia is the irrational and ineffective use of water resources and, as a result, high specific water consumption. In the North Caucasus, water consumption is currently one of the highest in Russia. The characteristics of the impact on water resources are directly related to the use of water, the main elements of which are the water withdrawal from natural sources, the use of water and the discharge of wastewater. Based on open statistical sources, we analyzed the current situation in the use of water resources in the North Caucasus. The North Caucasus is characterized by problems similar to those of many regions of the country, in particular, large losses during transportation due to the emergency state of water supply networks and treatment facilities. Water supply problems in the North Caucasus are expected to worsen in the future. If urgent measures are not taken, the complex of problems will only accumulate. To overcome their negative consequences, it is necessary to revise the water use strategy and change the water consumption structure.

Analysis of Water Resources Supply and Demand Balance of Rural Land Remediation Project Area in Fuyu County, Jilin Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 609-614
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Xu ◽  
Xu Feng Liang ◽  
Xiu Juan Liang ◽  
Chang Lai Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Project Area ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Relevant Calculation

Water resources are an important influence factor of land remediation. As support of food production, analysis of soil and water resources supply and demand balance is an important part and technical support of the construction. According to some relevant calculation formulas on water resources assessment, after forecast of water demand and the calculation of water supply, in the project area of the demonstration construction of whole rural land remediation in Fuyu County, the average water availability for many years is 70581.6 thousand m3 each year, including surface water availability 57003.3 thousand m3 and groundwater availability 13578.3 thousand m3. Water demand is 58806.2 thousand m3 in 2015; including water demand for life 5150.9 thousand m3 and water demand for agricultural irrigation 53655.3 thousand m3. Water supply is more than water demand; the basic supply-demand balance can be achieved in conditions of the design of water supply project.

scholarly journals Adaptive optimal allocation of water resources response to future water availability and water demand in the Han River basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tian ◽  
Shenglian Guo ◽  
Lele Deng ◽  
Jiabo Yin ◽  
Zhengke Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Anthropogenic Changes ◽  
Han River ◽  
Han River Basin

AbstractGlobal warming and anthropogenic changes can result in the heterogeneity of water availability in the spatiotemporal scale, which will further affect the allocation of water resources. A lot of researches have been devoted to examining the responses of water availability to global warming while neglected future anthropogenic changes. What’s more, only a few studies have investigated the response of optimal allocation of water resources to the projected climate and anthropogenic changes. In this study, a cascade model chain is developed to evaluate the impacts of projected climate change and human activities on optimal allocation of water resources. Firstly, a large set of global climate models (GCMs) associated with the Daily Bias Correction (DBC) method are employed to project future climate scenarios, while the Cellular Automaton–Markov (CA–Markov) model is used to project future Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) scenarios. Then the runoff simulation is based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model with necessary inputs under the future conditions. Finally, the optimal water resources allocation model is established based on the evaluation of water supply and water demand. The Han River basin in China was selected as a case study. The results show that: (1) the annual runoff indicates an increasing trend in the future in contrast with the base period, while the ascending rate of the basin under RCP 4.5 is 4.47%; (2) a nonlinear relationship has been identified between the optimal allocation of water resources and water availability, while a linear association exists between the former and water demand; (3) increased water supply are needed in the water donor area, the middle and lower reaches should be supplemented with 4.495 billion m3 water in 2030. This study provides an example of a management template for guiding the allocation of water resources, and improves understandings of the assessments of water availability and demand at a regional or national scale.

Ensuring Water Availability to Water Users through Incentive Payment for Ecosystem Services Scheme: A Case Study in a Small Hilly Town of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Rai ◽  
Mani Nepal ◽  
Laxmi D. Bhatta ◽  
Saudamini Das ◽  
Madan S. Khadayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Project Design ◽  
Incentive Payment ◽  
Water Users

This study was carried out to design an incentive payment for an ecosystem services (IPES) scheme in the Baitadi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project of Nepal. The main intention behind the designing of the scheme was to develop strategy for equitable use of water resources and involve communities, watershed and water user, in the sustainable management of water resources. We administered household survey in both the watershed community and water users to elicit their preferences regarding water source management and drinking water supply. A discrete choice experiment was employed in the case of water users which showed that, for them, water quality and quantity are the most important attributes. The estimated annual willingness-to-pay of water users for doubling water availability is NPR 482,076 (USD 4,505) and for doubling the water quantity and the supply of clean water that can be drunk directly from the tap is NPR 1.18 million (USD 10,988). The results of consultations with stakeholders indicate that the construction of public toilets, the regularization of grazing, off-season vegetable farming and drinking water distribution in the upstream area may contribute to maintaining the quality of water while keeping the watershed community satisfied with regard to water-sharing. These activities require NPR 1.17 million (USD 10,987) in the first year and NPR 425,640 (USD 3,978) annually from the second year on. The estimated willingness-to-pay and cost of the watershed activities indicate that implementing IPES in the Baitadi Town Water Supply Project is financially feasible and socially acceptable. Our study recommends the integration of the IPES design into the project design phase in future drinking water scheme, the best option being its integration into the initial environmental examination at the time of project design.

scholarly journals Research on water resources dispatch model based on improved genetic algorithm – water resources dispatch model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Fu ◽  
Huahui Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Improved Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Operation Rules

Abstract According to the research of reservoir water resources scheduling and distribution, the aim is to balance the water supply and demand in each period, and consider the total water supply and the annual external water withdrawal of the reservoir in each period as water rights. The decision-making variables are provided for the water supply of the reservoir in the paper, so that water demand of the water-receiving area can be better met to alleviate the water shortage at various stages and realize the effective use of water resources. Moreover, through the constraints of reservoir operation rules and other constraints, a mathematical model is established for optimal operation of water resources in the reservoir system. Meanwhile, optimized genetic algorithms are applied to solve the model according to the characteristics of the model. After simulation tests, compared with the traditional linear binary algorithm used in the reservoir, the improved genetic algorithm studied in the paper improves the accuracy of data calculation and data convergence, which proves that the research results of the paper provide theoretical and practical significance for improving the level of reservoir water resources management and solving the problem of optimal water resources scheduling.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document