BIOMARKERS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE IN CHEETAHS (ACINONYX JUBATUS)

Epidemiological studies in rural Mexico have shown the role of poor quality water in gastrointestinal disease incidence. This led to the establishment of a program, which included the assessment of inexpensive systems for household treatment of drinking water. We describe the main features of a hand carved stone filter evaluated over 6 months under laboratory conditions and 6 months under household conditions. The filter had a capacity of 5L and an average volume of 18L/d filtered water (the temperature of which was always an average 4°C lower than the influent). Average bacterial removals under laboratory conditions were 98% for total and faecal coliforms (TC, FC), 96% for faecal streptococci (FS), 99% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 100% for helminth eggs and protozoan cysts. During the field evaluation removals were 80–100% TC, 45–95% FC and 8–93% FS due to the different qualities of influent water and the operation conditions. Nevertheless, the filters represented an immediate mitigation measure of the health risks associated with the continuous ingestion of microbiologically unsafe waters.

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Antineoplastic Activity, Structural Modification, Synthesis and Structure-activity Relationship of Dammarane-type Ginsenosides: An Overview

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272823666190401141138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 503-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qiang Zhang ◽

Xude Wang ◽

Liyan Lv ◽

Guangyue Su ◽

Yuqing Zhao

Keyword(s):

Structural Modification ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Structure Activity Relationship ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Activity Relationship ◽

Cycle Arrest ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Structural Association ◽

Relationship Of

Dammarane-type ginsenosides are a class of tetracyclic triterpenoids with the same dammarane skeleton. These compounds have a wide range of pharmaceutical applications for neoplasms, diabetes mellitus and other metabolic syndromes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, aging, neurodegenerative disease, bone disease, liver disease, kidney disease, gastrointestinal disease and other conditions. In order to develop new antineoplastic drugs, it is necessary to improve the bioactivity, solubility and bioavailability, and illuminate the mechanism of action of these compounds. A large number of ginsenosides and their derivatives have been separated from certain herbs or synthesized, and tested in various experiments, such as anti-proliferation, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and cancer-involved signaling pathways. In this review, we have summarized the progress in structural modification, shed light on the structure-activity relationship (SAR), and offered insights into biosynthesis-structural association. This review is expected to provide a preliminary guide for the modification and synthesis of ginsenosides.

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MicroRNA Determines the Fate of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Regulates Intestinal Diseases

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203720666190125110626 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 666-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sujuan Ding ◽

Gang Liu ◽

Hongmei Jiang ◽

Jun Fang

Keyword(s):

Target Genes ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Vital Role ◽

Intestinal Barrier Function ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Intestinal Function ◽

Cell Fates ◽

Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation

The rapid self-renewal of intestinal epithelial cells enhances intestinal function, promotes the nutritional needs of animals and strengthens intestinal barrier function to resist the invasion of foreign pathogens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short-chain, non-coding RNAs that regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation by down-regulating hundreds of conserved target genes after transcription via seed pairing to the 3' untranslated regions. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs can improve intestinal function by participating in the proliferation and differentiation of different cell populations in the intestine. In addition, miRNAs also contribute to disease regulation and therefore not only play a vital role in the gastrointestinal disease management but also act as blood or tissue biomarkers of disease. As changes to the levels of miRNAs can change cell fates, miRNA-mediated gene regulation can be used to update therapeutic strategies and approaches to disease treatment.

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Cytomegalovirus antigen detection in peripheral blood leukocytes after allogeneic marrow transplantation

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v80.5.1358.1358 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 1358-1364 ◽

Cited By ~ 162

Author(s):

M Boeckh ◽

RA Bowden ◽

JM Goodrich ◽

M Pettinger ◽

JD Meyers

Keyword(s):

Marrow Transplantation ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Marrow Transplant ◽

Cmv Infection ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Blood Leukocytes ◽

Shell Vial ◽

Allogeneic Marrow Transplantation ◽

Peripheral Leukocytes ◽

Allogeneic Marrow

Abstract Detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia was compared with shell vial centrifugation cultures for rapid detection of CMV infection. In a prospective study, 59 CMV seropositive patients were monitored weekly during the first 100 days after allogeneic marrow transplantation for virus excretion from urine, throat, and blood and for antigenemia by direct staining of peripheral leukocytes using an antibody pool directed against pp 65. Antigenemia was present in 21 of 22 patients with culture-proven CMV infection and in 3 of 37 without culture-proven CMV infection (sensitivity 95%, specificity 91%). The median time of onset of antigenemia and shell vial cultures was day 47 and 55 after transplant, respectively (P = .0006). Among patients who developed CMV disease without preceding cultures, antigenemia was detected in all patients with CMV pneumonia (N = 6) and in two of three patients with gastrointestinal disease by a median of 10 and 7 days, respectively, before the onset of disease (P = .0002). Levels of antigenemia were significantly higher in patients with disease or viremia than in patients with excretion from urine or throat (P less than .05). Whether the antigenemia assay is more sensitive than rapid culture methods to focus antiviral prophylaxis in marrow transplant patients must be determined in controlled studies.

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Russell Body Typhlitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

International Journal of Surgical Pathology ◽

10.1177/10668969211008251 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106689692110082

Author(s):

Sarah Al-Rawaf ◽

Salem Alowami ◽

Robert Riddell ◽

Asghar Naqvi

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Literature Review ◽

Light Chain ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

English Literature ◽

The Other ◽

Tubulovillous Adenoma ◽

Inflammatory Polyp ◽

Intracytoplasmic Inclusions

Russell bodies are accumulation of immunoglobulin in plasma cells forming intracytoplasmic inclusions. Russell body colitis is rare with only 3 cases described in the English literature up to date. We report a 78-year-old male with cirrhosis showing prominent cecal infiltration of Russell body containing plasma cells. Plasma cells showed no nuclear atypia or mitoses, and no evidence of light chain restriction. In this article, we report a fourth case of Russell body colitis, that is unique in being localized to the cecum in contrast to the other 3, 1 of which was in an inflammatory polyp in the sigmoid colon, 1 in a rectal tubulovillous adenoma and 1 as part of diffuse gastrointestinal disease. This is therefore the first report of localized Russell body typhlitis, occurring in a cirrhotic patient in whom an adjacent erosion was likely nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated, a combination that may have facilitated the formation of Russell bodies.

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Mealtime Environment and Control of Food Intake in Healthy Children and in Children with Gastrointestinal Diseases

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Katerina Sdravou ◽

Elpida Emmanouilidou-Fotoulaki ◽

Athanasia Printza ◽

Elias Andreoulakis ◽

Athanasios Evangeliou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Child Autonomy ◽

And Control ◽

Mealtime Environment

Parental feeding practices and mealtime routine significantly influence a child’s eating behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the mealtime environment in healthy children and children with gastrointestinal diseases. We conducted a cross-sectional case–control study among 787 healthy, typically developing children and 141 children with gastrointestinal diseases, aged two to seven years. Parents were asked to provide data on demographics and describe their mealtime environment by answering to 24 closed-ended questions. It was found that the majority of the children had the same number of meals every day and at the same hour. Parents of both groups exerted considerable control on the child’s food intake by deciding both when and what their child eats. Almost one third of the parents also decided how much their child eats. The two groups differed significantly in nine of the 24 questions. The study showed that both groups provided structured and consistent mealtime environments. However, a significant proportion of children did not control how much they eat which might impede their ability to self-regulate eating. The presence of a gastrointestinal disease was found to be associated with reduced child autonomy, hampered hunger cues and frequent use of distractions during meals.

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A75 IMPLEMENTING A CIRRHOSIS ORDER SET: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROVIDER-IDENTIFIED BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS

Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1093/jcag/gwab002.073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 41-42

Author(s):

E Johnson ◽

M Carbonneau ◽

D Campbell-Scherer ◽

P Tandon ◽

A Hyde

Keyword(s):

Focus Groups ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Pragmatic Trial ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Barriers And Facilitators ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Implementation Barriers ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Order Set

Abstract Background Cirrhosis is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in individuals with gastrointestinal disease. Multiple care gaps exist for hospitalized patients with cirrhosis, resulting in high rates of re-hospitalization (e.g. 44% at 90 days in Alberta). The Cirrhosis Care Alberta (CCAB) is a 4-year multi-component pragmatic trial with an aim to reduce acute-care utilization by implementing an electronic order set and supporting education across eight hospital sites in Alberta. Aims As part of the pre-implementation evaluation, this qualitative study analyzed data from provider focus groups to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation. Methods We conducted focus groups at eight hospital sites with a total of 54 healthcare providers (3–12 per site). A semi-structured interview guide based upon constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Normalization Process Theory (NPT) frameworks was used to guide the focus groups. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed thematically and inductively. Results Five major themes emerged across all eight sites: (i) understanding past implementation experiences, (ii) resource challenges, (iii) competing priorities among healthcare providers, (iv) system challenges, and (v) urban versus rural differences. Site-specific barriers included perceived lack of patient flow, time restraints, and concerns about the quality and quantity of past implementation interventions. Facilitators included passionate project champions, and an ample feedback process. Conclusions Focus groups were useful for identifying pre-implementation barriers and facilitators of an electronic orders set. Findings from this study are being refined to address the influence of COVID-19, and the data will be used to inform the intervention roll-out at each of the sites. Funding Agencies Alberta Innovates

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Risk Factors for Undernutrition at Admission Among Adult Hospitalized Patients at a Referral Hospital in Indonesia

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244020983310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 215824402098331

Author(s):

Nur Chandra Bunawan ◽

Dwi Suseno ◽

Drupadi H. S. Dillon ◽

Ikhwan Rinaldi ◽

Dyah Purnamasari

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Initial Hospital ◽

Comorbidity Index

Patients with undernutrition at admission have higher risks to worsen their nutritional status, which is linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the prevalence of undernutrition at admission and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged 18 to 59 years old in Internal Medicine ward at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, between July and September 2019. Factors that might be associated with undernutrition at admission, such as age, sex, marital status, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and type of comorbidity, depression, and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), were assessed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the associated factors. Sixty hospitalized patients with median age of 42 years and 76.7% with married status joined the study. The most common reason for hospitalization was acute gastrointestinal disease with gallstones as the most common comorbidity. Undernutrition exists in 26.7% of subjects. High CCI score was observed among 11.7% subjects and half of subjects had NLR category ≥5. Bivariate analysis revealed that unmarried status, age ≥40 years, and malignancy were associated with undernutrition at admission. Logistic regression analysis showed malignancy as an independent predictor of undernutrition during the initial hospital admission (odds ratio [OR] = 11.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.1, 125.7]). The prevalence of undernutrition at admission was 26.7%. Factors associated with an increased prevalence of undernutrition at admission were age <40 years, unmarried status, and malignancy. Malignancy was an independent factor of the prevalence of undernutrition at admission.

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Manipulating the Microbiome: An Alternative Treatment for Bile Acid Diarrhoea

Microbiology Research ◽

10.3390/microbiolres12020023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 335-353

Author(s):

Evette B. M. Hillman ◽

Sjoerd Rijpkema ◽

Danielle Carson ◽

Ramesh P. Arasaradnam ◽

Elizabeth M. H. Wellington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Bile Acid Synthesis ◽

Bile Acid Metabolism ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The 1960S ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

The Uk

Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a widespread gastrointestinal disease that is often misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome and is estimated to affect 1% of the United Kingdom (UK) population alone. BAD is associated with excessive bile acid synthesis secondary to a gastrointestinal or idiopathic disorder (also known as primary BAD). Current licensed treatment in the UK has undesirable effects and has been the same since BAD was first discovered in the 1960s. Bacteria are essential in transforming primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. The profile of an individual’s bile acid pool is central in bile acid homeostasis as bile acids regulate their own synthesis. Therefore, microbiome dysbiosis incurred through changes in diet, stress levels and the introduction of antibiotics may contribute to or be the cause of primary BAD. This literature review focuses on primary BAD, providing an overview of bile acid metabolism, the role of the human gut microbiome in BAD and the potential options for therapeutic intervention in primary BAD through manipulation of the microbiome.

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