scholarly journals The cycle duration of the seminiferous epithelium remains unaltered during GnRH antagonist-induced testicular involution in rats and monkeys

1999 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Aslam ◽  
G Rosiepen ◽  
H Krishnamurthy ◽  
M Arslan ◽  
G Clemen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Endocrine Regulation

Although the gonadotropic control of the spermatogenic process is well established, the endocrine regulation of the timing and kinetics of germ cell development has received little attention. We found previously that the administration of a GnRH antagonist (ANT) over a period of 25 days could retard spermatid development and slightly prolong cycle length in intact adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of extended exposure to ANT on the duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the monkey. Additionally, the duration of spermatogenesis was studied in the ANT-exposed rat model. In experiment 1, monkeys were given either saline or ANT (n=6/group) and on day 30 all animals received a single injection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to label S-phase germ cells. Testicular biopsies were taken on days 39, 43, 47 and 51 (end of treatment) for BrdU localization and flow cytometric analysis. ANT treatment suppressed hormone levels, reduced testis size by >70% and severely impaired germ cell production. Despite these alterations, cycle duration remained unchanged at all time-points compared with controls (10.12+/-0.15 days vs 10.16+/- 0.44 days). In experiment 2, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=15/group) received either vehicle (VEH) or ANT for 14 days and received BrdU injection on day 2. Cycle duration was found to be shorter in the ANT-treated group (12.45+/-0.09 days) than in the control group (12.75+/-0.08, P<0.05). As spermatogenic cycle length in this control group was longer than that of our historical controls (range: 12.37-12.53 days), experiment 2 was repeated (n=10/group). In experiment 3, cycle duration was 12.51+/-0.02 for VEH and 12.46+/-0.05 for the ANT-treated group (P>0.05) in both species. We concluded that the duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in monkeys and rats is independent of gonadotropins but is rather regulated by the spermatogenic tissue itself.

scholarly journals EFEITO DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO DO HORMÔNIO CORIÔNICO GONADOTRÓFICO (hCG) NA DURAÇÃO DO CICLO ESTRAL E NA TAXA DE PRENHEZ EM BOVINOS DE CORTE

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. FANTINI FILHO ◽  
L.E. KOZICKI ◽  
F.P. SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intramuscular Route ◽  
And Control

No experimento foram utilizados 62 animais da raça Charolesa e Caracú, inseminados artificialmente (IA). No 7o dia após a IA, as vacas foram divididas aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: tratado (n=32), que recebeu 2.500 UI de hCG (IM) e controle (n=30), que recebeu 1 ml de solução fisiológica estéril, (IM). O diagnóstico de prenhez foi realizado por toque retal no 45o dia após a IA. Resultados: A duração do ciclo estral diferiu (P0,05) entre o grupo tratado e controle (40,62% e 23,33%, respectivamente). Conclusões: A duração do ciclo estral dos animais tratados foi prolongada em relação aos controles (P0,05) as taxas de prenhez em bovinos de corte. Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on estrous cycle length and pregnancy rates in cattle Abstract In the present experiment a total of 62 cows of Charoles and Caracú breeds, artificially inseminated (AI). At day 7th after AI the cows were aleatory distributed in two groups: treated group (n=32) that receive 2.500 UI of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by the intramuscular route and control group (n=30) to wich 1.0 ml of sterile physiological solution was administered also by the intramuscular route. It has been found that the estrous cycle lenght was different (P0,05) between treated and the control groups (40,6 and 23,3%, respectively). In this way, the estrous cycle lenght of the treated cows was extended in regard to the control cows. The hCG administration did not increase pregnant rates.

scholarly journals Effect of Intrauterine Infusion of Equine Fresh Platelets-Rich Plasma (PRP) or Lyophilized PRP (L-GFequina) on Ovarian Activity and Pregnancy Rate in Repeat Breeder Purebred Arabian Mares

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123
Author(s):  
Ahmed Dawod ◽  
Jordi Miro ◽  
Hamed T. Elbaz ◽  
Hossam Fahmy ◽  
Ahmed S. Abdoon
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Estrus Phase

This study was designed to examine the effect of the intrauterine infusion of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or equine lyophilized growth factor (L-GFequina) on the follicular growth, endometrial thickness, estrus cycle length, and pregnancy rate in purebred Arabian mares. A total of 73 purebred Arabian mares who experienced repeat breeding for three successive cycles were randomly divided into the following three groups: control group, without treatment; second Group (PRP group), in which mares were intrauterine infused with 20 mL of fresh PRP on the second day after the end of physic estrus phase; and the third group (L-GFequina Group), consisting of mares that were intrauterine infused with 20 mL of reconstituted lyophilized horse platelets growth factors (L-GFequina) on the second day after the estrus phase. The results showed no significant difference between control and treated groups in the diameter of the preovulatory follicles during the post treatment cycle. The endometrium thickness increased significantly in the L-GFequina and PRP groups ahead of the non-treated group. Intrauterine L-GFequina or PRP administration shortened the estrus cycle length. A higher pregnancy rate was recorded in the L-GFequina and PRP treated mares. In conclusion, the intrauterine infusion of L-GFequina or PRP increased the endometrial thickness and pregnancy rate and could be used to improve fertility in Arabian purebred mares who experienced from repeat breeding.

scholarly journals Letrozole as co-treatment agent in ovarian stimulation antagonist protocol in poor responders: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Moini ◽  
Zohreh Lavasani ◽  
Ladan Kashani ◽  
Maryam Farid Mojtahedi ◽  
Nazila Yamini
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Antagonist Protocol

Background: Ovarian stimulation (OS) for poor ovarian response (POR) patients is still a major challenge in assisted reproductive techniques. Aromatase inhibitors as co-treatment in antagonist protocol are suggested to these patients, but there are controversial reports. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness Letrozole (LZ) as adjuvant treatment in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-antagonist protocol in POR patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in Arash women’s hospital. One hundred sixty infertile women with POR based on Bologna criteria were allocated into two groups randomly: LZ + GnRH-antagonist (LA) and placebo + GnRH-antagonist (PA) groups. In the experimental group, the patients received 5 mg LZ on the first five days of OS with 150 IU of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) and 150 IU of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG). The cycle outcomes were compared between groups. Results: The total number of retrieved oocytes and the metaphase II oocytes in LA-treated group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p = 0.008, p = 0.002). The dosage of hMG used and the duration of OS and antagonist administration in LZ-treated group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The number of patients with no oocyte, in the control group, was higher than the LZ-treated group, and the clinical pregnancy rate in LA-treated group (25%) was higher than the control group (18%); however, the differences were not significant statistically. Conclusion: Adding 5 mg of LZ to rFSH/hMG antagonist protocol may improve the in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle outcome in POR patients. Key words: Letrozole, Ovarian reserve, Primary ovarian insufficiency, Ovulation induction, Fertilization in vitro, Aromatase inhibitors.

scholarly journals The Reproductive Effect of Terbinafine in Ewe: Effects on Estrous Cycle and Ovarian Follicles

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
Muhannad A.A. AlBayaty
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Antiproliferative Agent ◽  
Reproductive Effect

Terbinafine is a fungicide given orally with the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day for each ewe for 60 days. The vaginal smears of ewe, body and ovarian weight were daily administered at slaughter time; ewes were slaughtered at 60th day. Estrous cycle was affected by showing a significant reduce in the estrous cycle length of each phases of estrous cycle with associated significant increase in the diestrus phase in terbinafine treatment as compared with control group (olive oil treatment as adjuvant) of ewes. There was a significant reduce in the number of follicles and a significant raise in the number of atretic follicles in treated group as compared with control group as well as upsurge the progesterone/estrogen ratio. The body and ovarian weight were significant diminished in terbinafine treatment. These observed effects of terbinafine on the ovarian activity may be due to a direct effect as antiproliferative agent or the hypothalamus - hypophysial - ovarian axis causing hormonal inequality.

scholarly journals Dynamic switch of immunity and antitumor effects of metformin in rat spontaneous esophageal carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Takei ◽  
Tomoharu Miyashita ◽  
Satoshi Takada ◽  
Hidehiro Tajima ◽  
Itasu Ninomiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Nk T Cells ◽  
Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Esophageal Carcinogenesis

AbstractChronic inflammation contributes to tumor development by creating a local microenvironment that facilitates neoplastic transformation and potentiates the progression of cancer. Esophageal cancer (EC) is an inflammation-associated malignancy with a poor prognosis. The nature of the switch between chronic inflammation of the esophagus and EC-related immunological changes remains unclear. Here, we examined the dynamic alterations of immune cells at different stages of chronic esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and EC using an esophageal spontaneous carcinogenesis rat model. We also investigated the anticancer effects of metformin. To stimulate EC carcinogenesis, chronic gastroduodenal reflux esophagitis via esophagojejunostomy was induced in 120 rats in metformin-treated and non-treated (control) groups. After 40 weeks, BE and EC developed in 96.7% and 63.3% of the control group, and in 66.7% and 23.3% of the metformin-treated group, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the balance of M1/M2-polarized or phospho-Stat3-positive macrophages, regulatory T, cytotoxic T, natural killer (NK), NK T cells, and Th17 T cells was dynamically changed at each stage of the disease and were resolved by metformin treatment. These findings clarify the immunity in esophageal carcinogenesis and suggest that metformin could suppress this disease by improving the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and immune evasion.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

Haemostatic Clot Formation at Anastomosis of Synthetic Venous Graft in Defibrinogenated Dogs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ishimaru ◽  
E Berglin ◽  
H-A Hansson ◽  
A-C Teger-Nilsson ◽  
G William-Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Vena Cava ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Fibrin Network ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Graft ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryA segment of the inferior vena cava was replaced by an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft in 13 dogs. Five of them served as a control group, while the other 8 were moderately or severely defibrinogenated with subcutaneous batroxobin. Plasma fibrinogen decreased to extremely low values throughout the experiment in the defibrinogenated dogs except in the moderately treated group in which it temporarily rose to 0.72-0.87 g/1 on the first postoperative day.Scanning electron microscopic observations of the haemostatic clot formed at the anastomoses of the graft revealed no significant morphological differences in platelet adhesion and/or aggregation between the three groups. These findings confirmed that platelets play a key role in primary haemostasis during defibrinogenation.The fibrin network was slightly diminished and only short fibrin filaments could be seen in the moderately and severely defibrinogenated groups respectively. These differences in composition of the clots are discussed in relation to their haemostatic capacity.

Effects of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the testes and accessory sex glands of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Chowdhury ◽  
Robert Tcholakian ◽  
Emil Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect

Abstract. It has been suggested that treatment of intact male rats with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) causes an interference with testosterone (T) production by the testes by a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis. To test this hypothesis, different doses (5, 10 or 25 IU) of hCG were administered concomitantly with 50 μg of OeB to adult intact or hypophysectomized male rats. The testicular and plasma testosterone, and serum hCG levels were determined. The sex accessory weights were recorded. In the intact OeB-treated group of animals, hCG stimulated both the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels above the intact control group. However, in hypophysectomized animals, although plasma testosterone levels increased above that of intact controls, their secondary sex organ weights did not. Moreover, inspite of high circulating hCG levels, the testicular testosterone content and concentration remained suppressed in OeB-treated animals. The reason for such dichotomy of hCG action on OeB-treated animals is not clear at present.

Evaluation of anti-psoriatic activity of selected phytochemicals on UV-induced psoriasis in mouse tail model

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Jada Naga Lakshmi ◽  
A. Narendra Babu ◽  
Rama Rao Nadendla
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Epidermal Thickness ◽  
Psoriasis Severity

Objectives: To evaluate anti-psoriatic activity of Phytochemicals on UV-Induced psoriasis in mouse tail model. Materials and Methods: Anti-psoriatic activity of selected phytochemicals on UV-Induced psoriasis in mouse tail model. The animals were dividing into 05 groups and each group contain 5 animals. Disease control group did not receive any treatment only exposure to UV-light, vehicle control treated with simple ointment, standard group treated with salicylic acid (1%w/w) ointment, remaining group are treated 1% and 2% selective phytochemical at two concentrations of ointment to topically on the tail skin. And the data were analysed using one way ANOVA followed by two-way ANOVA (Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test). Results: There was significant decrease in epidermal thickness (P < 0.05) as compared with control group. In 2% phytoconstituents has shown a significant reduction in the total epidermal thickness 8.4****±0.748, 7.6**±0.6781 and 8*±0.8366 in geraniol, glycyrrhizic acid and ellagic acid treated group, when compare to the disease induced animal, there was no lesion of Munro’s microabscess, capillary loop dilation along with elongation of rete ridges in the section of skin of rats. Psoriasis Severity Index was reduced in test treated groups as compared with that of disease control group. It was slowly reduced to 2nd week, totally (55-70%) reduction in PSI is observed at the time of third week of treatment period. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that the 2% of geraniol, ellagic acid, glycyrrhizicacid and hesperidin, exhibited significant activity on UV-induced psoriasis in rodents. The study implies that selected phytoconstituents are a promising research for further investigations to prove its anti-psoriatic activity.

Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Against TramadolInduced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Albrakati
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Kidney Function Tests ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
The Mean

Tramadol, a broadly in recent years, is an effective analgesic agent for the treatment of moderate to acute pain. Its metabolites are excreted by the kidney which may cause nephrotoxicity. Moringa oleifera leaves are commonly used to provide herbal and plant-derived medicinal products especially in developing nations. The present study was carried out to determine the biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of tramadol-treated albino mice and to evaluate the possible protective role of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity. Twenty adult albino mice were divided into four groups. Control group (group i) received daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline only, group ii received oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (20 mg/kg/bw) for three weeks, group iii received daily intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw) for the same period, group iv, received daily oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, (20 mg/kg/bw) three hours before injecting intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw), for the same period. Blood samples were withdrawn at the end of the experiment for kidney function tests and specimens from the kidney were processed for histological study. No significant differences in the mean values of the kidney function tests were noticed between Moringa oleifera group and control group. However, there was highly significant increase in the mean values of serum, urea and creatinine in tramadol-treated group as compared to the control group. Although tramadol + Moringa oleifera group revealed significant difference in the mean values of urea and creatinine when compared with tramadol-treated group. So, Moringa oleifera leaves extract have been shown to attenuate the renal dysfunction, improve the renal architecture, with nearly normalization of serum urea and creatinine levels which indicate improvement of renal function. In conclusion, in the light of biochemical results and histological findings, co-administration of Moringa oleifera leaves lessened the negative effects of tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity; possibly by its antioxidant action. Further investigation of these promising protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced renal injury may have considerable impact on developing an adjunct therapy aiming to improve the therapeutic index of some nephrotoxic drugs.

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