scholarly journals Characteristics of salivary profiles of oestradiol and progesterone in premenopausal women

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T Chatterton ◽  
Esnar T Mateo ◽  
Nanjiang Hou ◽  
Alfred W Rademaker ◽  
Simbi Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Breast Center ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Density Study ◽  
Initial Cycle ◽  
Hormonal Levels

The objective of the study was to characterize salivary sex steroid levels in 56 women undergoing annual mammography who were participating in a breast density study at the Lynn Sage Breast Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital, and to determine the predictability of the patterns within women. Saliva was collected daily by the women at home for one complete menstrual cycle and then again at approximately 6-month intervals. The occurrence of sporadic anovulatory cycles was identified in 12 subjects, and persistent oestradiol (OE2) elevation in all three cycles without significant progesterone levels occurred in another five subjects. In addition, both OE2 and progesterone were significantly lower in initial menstrual cycles than in subsequent cycles, suggestive of an effect of participation in the study on hormone levels. Initial salivary OE2 levels were not good predictors of corresponding levels in either follicular or luteal phases of the menstrual cycles at the 6-month intervals. However, after the initial cycle, progesterone levels were highly predictable within individuals over a period of 6 months (r=0.78, P< 0.001). The study emphasizes the natural variation among and within women in the absence of any intervention, and indicates the need for properly controlled studies before attributing changes in hormonal levels to therapy. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of sampling at multiple time points when examining the relationship between hormones and risk.

scholarly journals Self-Acceptance and Interdependence Promote Longevity: Evidence From a 20-year Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Ng ◽  
Heather G. Allore ◽  
Becca R. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
The Relationship

We explored psychosocial pathways to longevity, specifically, the association between psychological well-being and mortality in a 20-year prospective cohort study of 7626 participants. As hypothesized, high self-acceptance and interdependence were associated with decreased mortality risk, controlling for other psychological components (purpose, positive relations, growth, mastery) and potential confounders: personality, depression, self-rated health, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), illness, and demographics. Self-acceptance decreased mortality risk by 19% and added three years of life. Longevity expectation fully mediated the relationship between self-acceptance and mortality. Interdependence decreased mortality risk by 17% and added two years of life. Serenity towards death fully mediated the relationship between interdependence and mortality. This is the first known study to investigate self-acceptance, interdependence, and serenity toward death as promoters of longevity, and distilled the relative contributions of these factors, controlling for covariates—all of which were measured over multiple time points. Theoretically, this study suggests that components of well-being may make meaningful contributions to longevity, and practically recommend that self-acceptance and interdependence could be added to interventions to promote aging health.

scholarly journals Trade-off between fast growth and the ossification process in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
Snježana Kužir ◽  
◽  
Krešimir Drašner ◽  
Krešimir Matanović ◽  
Lucija Bastiančić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
System Development ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Ossification Process ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between growth rate and ossification is not consistent among fish. In some species, fast-growing individuals ossify earlier, while in other species, a trade-off between growth rate and ossification exists. This research was conducted to test the hypothesis about the existence of a trade-off mechanism in common carp offspring. For this purpose, specimens from two groups of common carp offspring (96 in total) with different growth rates were sampled at multiple time points between 5 and 29 days post-hatching. The standard length was measured and presented in correlation with the days post-hatching. To evaluate the skeletal system development, whole specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and stained for bone and cartilage. Particular emphasis was placed on the onset of ossification in the clearly visible bones of the head, vertebral column, and fins. According to our findings, larger, fast-growing specimens ossify earlier. The hypothesis on the existence of a trade-off between fast growth and the onset of ossification in common carp was not confirmed in our study.

Do Humble CEOs Matter? An Examination of CEO Humility and Firm Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 1147-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Y. Ou ◽  
David A. Waldman ◽  
Suzanne J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Pay Disparity ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
The Relationship

We propose a mediation model to explain the relationship between CEO humility and firm performance. Building on upper echelons, power, and paradox theories, we hypothesize that when a more humble CEO leads a firm, its top management team (TMT) is more likely to collaborate, share information, jointly make decisions, and possess a shared vision. The firm will also tend to have lower pay disparity between the CEO and the TMT. The humble CEO and TMT, in turn, will be more likely to adopt an ambidextrous strategic orientation, which will be associated with stronger firm performance. We tested the model by using both survey and archival data that were collected at multiple time points from 105 small-to-medium-sized firms in the computer software and hardware industry in the United States. Findings largely support our theoretical assertions, suggesting that CEO humility has important implications for firm processes and outcomes.

scholarly journals MIR31 May Mediate Multiple Biology Processes To Promote Vocal Fold Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haizhou Wang ◽  
Wen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Collagen Production ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the role of MIR31 in vocal fold wound healing (VFWH) and its possible mechanism. MIR31 expression was studied in rat vocal fold tissue at multiple time points (1, 4, and 8 weeks) after vocal fold injury. Co-expression analysis, pathway analysis, and literature-based network analysis were conducted to explore the possible mechanism underlying the relationship between MIR31 and VFWH. MIR31 expression was significantly elevated after vocal fold injury (p<5.65e-5), which also presented decreased expression in the late stage of VFWH process compared to the early and middle stages (p<5.40e-3). MIR31 also presented strong co-expression with 17 VFWH-significant genes (absolute value of ROH∈(0.63, 0.83)), which were mainly involved in collagen production. Literature-based network analysis showed that MIR31 could suppress two inhibitors (gene SMAD1 and HDAC2) of wound healing and activate one promoter (adenosine triphosphate). MIR31 could also mediate multiple biology processes that were associated with wound healing, including keratinocyte proliferation, collagen production, and inflammation. This study supports a strong association between MIR31 and the process of vocal fold wound healing, which may be related to collagen synthesis and other biological processes that need further study.

scholarly journals Physical activity levels among ovarian cancer survivors: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. ijgc-2020-002107
Author(s):  
Tamara Jones ◽  
Carolina Sandler ◽  
Dimitrios Vagenas ◽  
Monika Janda ◽  
Andreas Obermair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Activity Advice ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ObjectivePhysical activity following cancer diagnosis is associated with improved outcomes, including potential survival benefits, yet physical activity levels among common cancer types tend to decrease following diagnosis and remain low. Physical activity levels following diagnosis of less common cancers, such as ovarian cancer, are less known. The objectives of this study were to describe physical activity levels and to explore characteristics associated with physical activity levels in women with ovarian cancer from pre-diagnosis to 2 years post-diagnosis.MethodsAs part of a prospective longitudinal study, physical activity levels of women with ovarian cancer were assessed at multiple time points between pre-diagnosis and 2 years post-diagnosis. Physical activity levels and change in physical activity were described using metabolic equivalent task hours and minutes per week, and categorically (sedentary, insufficiently, or sufficiently active). Generalized Estimating Equations were used to explore whether participant characteristics were related to physical activity levels.ResultsA total of 110 women with ovarian cancer with a median age of 62 years (range 33–88) at diagnosis were included. 53–57% of the women were sufficiently active post-diagnosis, although average physical activity levels for the cohort were below recommended levels throughout the 2-year follow-up period (120–142.5min/week). A decrease or no change in post-diagnosis physical activity was reported by 44–60% of women compared with pre-diagnosis physical activity levels. Women diagnosed with stage IV disease, those earning a lower income, those receiving chemotherapy, and those currently smoking or working were more likely to report lower physical activity levels and had increased odds of being insufficiently active or sedentary.ConclusionsInterventions providing patients with appropriate physical activity advice and support for behavior change could potentially improve physical activity levels and health outcomes.

scholarly journals The molecular make up of smoldering myeloma highlights the evolutionary pathways leading to multiple myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Boyle ◽  
Shayu Deshpande ◽  
Ruslana Tytarenko ◽  
Cody Ashby ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Suppressor Genes ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Clonal Structure ◽  
Time To Progression ◽  
Novel Mutations ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Smoldering Myeloma ◽  
Copy Number Changes

AbstractSmoldering myeloma (SMM) is associated with a high-risk of progression to myeloma (MM). We report the results of a study of 82 patients with both targeted sequencing that included a capture of the immunoglobulin and MYC regions. By comparing these results to newly diagnosed myeloma (MM) we show fewer NRAS and FAM46C mutations together with fewer adverse translocations, del(1p), del(14q), del(16q), and del(17p) in SMM consistent with their role as drivers of the transition to MM. KRAS mutations are associated with a shorter time to progression (HR 3.5 (1.5–8.1), p = 0.001). In an analysis of change in clonal structure over time we studied 53 samples from nine patients at multiple time points. Branching evolutionary patterns, novel mutations, biallelic hits in crucial tumour suppressor genes, and segmental copy number changes are key mechanisms underlying the transition to MM, which can precede progression and be used to guide early intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Use of TanDEM-X and SRTM-C Data for Detection of Deforestation Caused by Bark Beetle in Central European Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3042
Author(s):  
Kateřina Gdulová ◽  
Jana Marešová ◽  
Vojtěch Barták ◽  
Marta Szostak ◽  
Jaroslav Červenka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Central European ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Bohemian Forest ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The availability of global digital elevation models (DEMs) from multiple time points allows their combination for analysing vegetation changes. The combination of models (e.g., SRTM and TanDEM-X) can contain errors, which can, due to their synergistic effects, yield incorrect results. We used a high-resolution LiDAR-derived digital surface model (DSM) to evaluate the accuracy of canopy height estimates of the aforementioned global DEMs. In addition, we subtracted SRTM and TanDEM-X data at 90 and 30 m resolutions, respectively, to detect deforestation caused by bark beetle disturbance and evaluated the associations of their difference with terrain characteristics. The study areas covered three Central European mountain ranges and their surrounding areas: Bohemian Forest, Erzgebirge, and Giant Mountains. We found that vertical bias of SRTM and TanDEM-X, relative to the canopy height, is similar with negative values of up to −2.5 m and LE90s below 7.8 m in non-forest areas. In forests, the vertical bias of SRTM and TanDEM-X ranged from −0.5 to 4.1 m and LE90s from 7.2 to 11.0 m, respectively. The height differences between SRTM and TanDEM-X show moderate dependence on the slope and its orientation. LE90s for TDX-SRTM differences tended to be smaller for east-facing than for west-facing slopes, and varied, with aspect, by up to 1.5 m in non-forest areas and 3 m in forests, respectively. Finally, subtracting SRTM and NASA DEMs from TanDEM-X and Copernicus DEMs, respectively, successfully identified large areas of deforestation caused by hurricane Kyril in 2007 and a subsequent bark beetle disturbance in the Bohemian Forest. However, local errors in TanDEM-X, associated mainly with forest-covered west-facing slopes, resulted in erroneous identification of deforestation. Therefore, caution is needed when combining SRTM and TanDEM-X data in multitemporal studies in a mountain environment. Still, we can conclude that SRTM and TanDEM-X data represent suitable near global sources for the identification of deforestation in the period between the time points of their acquisition.

scholarly journals Associations of Binge Drinking With Vascular Brain Injury and Atrophy in Older American Indians: The Strong Heart Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (7-8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 51S-59S
Author(s):  
Jordan P. Lewis ◽  
Astrid M. Suchy-Dicey ◽  
Carolyn Noonan ◽  
Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan ◽  
Jason G. Umans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Neurological Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Large Cohort Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Multiple Time Points

Objectives: American Indians (AIs) generally consume less alcohol than the US general population; however, the prevalence of alcohol use disorder is higher. This is the first large cohort study to examine binge drinking as a risk factor for vascular brain injury (VBI). Methods: We used linear and Poisson regression to examine the association of self-reported binge drinking with VBI, measured via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in 817 older AIs who participated in the Strong Heart and Cerebrovascular Disease and Its Consequences in American Indians studies. Results: Any binge drinking at multiple time-points was associated with increased sulcal (β = 0.360, 95% CI [0.079, 0.641]) and ventricle dilatation (β = 0.512, 95% CI [0.174, 0.850]) compared to no binge drinking. Discussion: These observed associations are consistent with previous findings. Identifying how binge drinking may contribute to VBI in older AIs may suggest modifiable health behaviors for neurological risk reduction and disease prevention.

scholarly journals Inferring time series chromatin states for promoter-enhancer pairs based on Hi-C data

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Miko ◽  
Yunjiang Qiu ◽  
Bjoern Gaertner ◽  
Maike Sander ◽  
Uwe Ohler
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Expectation Maximization Algorithm ◽  
Chromatin State ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Chromatin States ◽  
Multiple Time Points

Abstract Background Co-localized combinations of histone modifications (“chromatin states”) have been shown to correlate with promoter and enhancer activity. Changes in chromatin states over multiple time points (“chromatin state trajectories”) have previously been analyzed at promoter and enhancers separately. With the advent of time series Hi-C data it is now possible to connect promoters and enhancers and to analyze chromatin state trajectories at promoter-enhancer pairs. Results We present TimelessFlex, a framework for investigating chromatin state trajectories at promoters and enhancers and at promoter-enhancer pairs based on Hi-C information. TimelessFlex extends our previous approach Timeless, a Bayesian network for clustering multiple histone modification data sets at promoter and enhancer feature regions. We utilize time series ATAC-seq data measuring open chromatin to define promoters and enhancer candidates. We developed an expectation-maximization algorithm to assign promoters and enhancers to each other based on Hi-C interactions and jointly cluster their feature regions into paired chromatin state trajectories. We find jointly clustered promoter-enhancer pairs showing the same activation patterns on both sides but with a stronger trend at the enhancer side. While the promoter side remains accessible across the time series, the enhancer side becomes dynamically more open towards the gene activation time point. Promoter cluster patterns show strong correlations with gene expression signals, whereas Hi-C signals get only slightly stronger towards activation. The code of the framework is available at https://github.com/henriettemiko/TimelessFlex. Conclusions TimelessFlex clusters time series histone modifications at promoter-enhancer pairs based on Hi-C and it can identify distinct chromatin states at promoter and enhancer feature regions and their changes over time.

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