scholarly journals Model-based estimation of the state of vehicle automation as derived from the driver’s spontaneous visual strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Schnebelen ◽  
Camilo Charron ◽  
Franck Mars
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
The State ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Dynamic Indicators

When manually steering a car, the driver’s visual perception of the driving scene and his or her motor actions to control the vehicle are closely linked. Since motor behaviour is no longer required in an automated vehicle, the sampling of the visual scene is affected. Autonomous driving typically results in less gaze being directed towards the road centre and a broader exploration of the driving scene, compared to manual driving. To examine the corollary of this situation, this study estimated the state of automation (manual or automated) on the basis of gaze behaviour. To do so, models based on partial least square regressions were computed by considering the gaze behaviour in multiple ways, using static indicators (percentage of time spent gazing at 13 areas of interests), dynamic indicators (transition matrices between areas) or both together. Analysis of the quality of predictions for the different models showed that the best result was obtained by considering both static and dynamic indicators. However, gaze dynamics played the most important role in distinguishing between manual and automated driving. This study may be relevant to the issue of driver monitoring in autonomous vehicles.

scholarly journals Mediating Effect of Islamic Social Reporting on the Relationship between Good Corporate Governance and Company Value: The Case of the State-Owned Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 001
Author(s):  
Indah Yuliana ◽  
Farahiyah Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Company Value ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is related to the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) which guarantees that the funds invested in the company are well managed and will provide adequate returns so that this can attract investors and indirectly can increase the company value. This research aims to analyze the indirect effect of GCG rating on company value through the disclosure of ISR and it also attempts to analyze the direct effect of GCG and ISR toward company value, and the effect of GCG towards ISR. This research used quantitative and descriptive approaches with secondary data. The state-owned enterprises in the manufacturing and mining sector listed in the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) were selected as the sample of the study. The method used in this study includes descriptive statistical analysis, partial least square, and mediation test. The result shows that GCG has a positive effect on company value and ISR disclosure, while ISR disclosure does not affect company value. However, GCG does not affect company value through ISR disclosure. This indicates that ISR disclosure has no mediation effect on the relationship between GCG and company value.

scholarly journals Analisis Kompetensi dan Pengembangan Karir Pegawai dengan Employee Engagement Sebagai Intervening dalam Peningkatan Kinerja ASN Kecamatan di Wilayah Kota Depok

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayat Hidayat ◽  
Alfatih Manggabarani ◽  
Mahendro Sumardjo
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The State ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
P Value ◽  
City Region ◽  
The Individual

AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul Analisis Kompetensi dan Pengembangan Karir Pegawai dengan Employee Engagement sebagai Intervening dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara Kecamatan di Wilayah Kota Depok. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan antara lain untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi pegawai dan pengembangan karir terhadap employee engagement dan kinerja dengan variable employee engagement berperan sebagai variabel intervening. Sampel penelitian adalah Aparatur Sipil Negara Kecamatan di wilayah Kota Depok dengan jumlah sample 82 pegawai. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan PLS (Partial Least Square). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi ASN tidak signifikan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja dengan koefisien jalur sebesar 0.133 (p value 0.150 > 0,05) dan kompetensi Aparatur Sipil Negara juga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Employee engagement dengan koefisien jalur sebesar 0.058 (p value 0.692 > 0.05). Variable Employee engagement mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan koefisien jalur sebesar 0.403 (p value 0.000 < 0.05). Beberapa hal positif dalam variabel ini adalah rasa antusias dan semangat Aparatur Sipil Negara Kecamatan Kota Depok dalam bekerja namun hal yang perlu ditingkatkan adalah rasa kenyamanan dalam organisasi serta menumbuhkan rasa keikutsertaan/andil dalam setiap kesuksesan organisasi. Keberhasilan organisasi bukanlah kesuksesan individu pegawai akan tetapi kesuksesan seluruh perangkat Aparatur Sipil Negara Kecamatan di Wilayah Kota Depok. Kata Kunci: Kompetensi, Pengembangan Karir Pegawai, Employee engagement, Kinerja Pegawai AbstractThe title of this research is the Competence analysis and the Career Development of the Employees by Employee Engagement as Intervening Aspect in the effort to develop the Performance of the State Civil Apparatus in Depok City region. This research has main purposes, among others: to identify impact of employee’s competency and career development to the employee engagement and their performance with employee engagement variable as an intervening variable. The sample of the research is the State Civil Apparatus in Depok City region with the total sample of 82 employees. At the same time, PLS (Partial Least Square) was used for the data analysis. The result of this research shows that the competence of the State Civil Apparatus has no significant impact to their performance with coefficient pathway as 0.133 (p value 0.150 > 0,05) and State Civil Apparatus competency has no significant impact to the employee engagement with the coefficient pathway of 0.058 (p value 0,692 > 0.05). Employee Engagement variable has an impact to the employee performance with the coefficient pathway of 0.403 (p value 0,000 < 0.05). The various positive points of this variable are the enthusiasm, spirit and passion of the State Civil Apparatus in Depok City to work. However, there is necessity to increase a amenities and convenience in the organization as well as encourage and embolden the participation/involvement for the success of the organization. The success of the organization is not the individual success but the success of the State Civil Apparatus of Depok City sub-district. Keywords: Competence, Career Development of the Employees, Employee Engagement, Performance of Employe

scholarly journals High Precision Outdoor and Indoor Reference State Estimation for Testing Autonomous Vehicles

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sánchez Morales ◽  
Julian Dauth ◽  
Bertold Huber ◽  
Andrés García Higuera ◽  
Michael Botsch
Keyword(s):  
State Estimation ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Satellite Systems

A current trend in automotive research is autonomous driving. For the proper testing and validation of automated driving functions a reference vehicle state is required. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are useful in the automation of the vehicles because of their practicality and accuracy. However, there are situations where the satellite signal is absent or unusable. This research work presents a methodology that addresses those situations, thus largely reducing the dependency of Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs) on the SatNav. The proposed methodology includes (1) a standstill recognition based on machine learning, (2) a detailed mathematical description of the horizontation of inertial measurements, (3) sensor fusion by means of statistical filtering, (4) an outlier detection for correction data, (5) a drift detector, and (6) a novel LiDAR-based Positioning Method (LbPM) for indoor navigation. The robustness and accuracy of the methodology are validated with a state-of-the-art INS with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) correction data. The results obtained show a great improvement in the accuracy of vehicle state estimation under adverse driving conditions, such as when the correction data is corrupted, when there are extended periods with no correction data and in the case of drifting. The proposed LbPM method achieves an accuracy closely resembling that of a system with RTK.

scholarly journals Takeover Safety Analysis with Driver Monitoring Systems and Driver-Vehicle Interfaces in Highly Automated Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6685
Author(s):  
Dongyeon Yu ◽  
Chanho Park ◽  
Hoseung Choi ◽  
Donggyu Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Total System ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Minimum Risk ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Driver Monitoring

According to SAE J3016, autonomous driving can be divided into six levels, and partially automated driving is possible from level three up. A partially or highly automated vehicle can encounter situations involving total system failure. Here, we studied a strategy for safe takeover in such situations. A human-in-the-loop simulator, driver-vehicle interface, and driver monitoring system were developed, and takeover experiments were performed using various driving scenarios and realistic autonomous driving situations. The experiments allowed us to draw the following conclusions. The visual–auditory–haptic complex alarm effectively delivered warnings and had a clear correlation with the user’s subjective preferences. There were scenario types in which the system had to immediately enter minimum risk maneuvers or emergency maneuvers without requesting takeover. Lastly, the risk of accidents can be reduced by the driver monitoring system that prevents the driver from being completely immersed in non-driving-related tasks. We proposed a safe takeover strategy from these results, which provides meaningful guidance for the development of autonomous vehicles. Considering the subjective questionnaire evaluations of users, it is expected to improve the acceptance of autonomous vehicles and increase the adoption of autonomous vehicles.

scholarly journals Proactive Personality, Career Success, dan Career Adaptability pada Karyawan PT Kereta Api Indonesia Daop 8 Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tri Siwi Agustina ◽  
Ivan Rizky Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Career Success ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
The State ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
The Other ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Subjective Career Success ◽  
Boundaryless Career

Proactive personality is an important factor in a boundaryless career. The reason is, in the boundaryless career period, the work environment becomes uncertain and the challenges in a career are increasingly complex. Therefore, there is a need for an adaptive attitude in running a career. Proactive personality is seen as a form of career adaptability. This study analyzes the rela- tionship between proactive personality, career adaptability and career success (subjective and ob- jective). Samples from this study are 41 people from employees of PT KAI DAOP 8 Surabaya which is included in the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN). The respondents’ data were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) using the SmartPLS 3.0 program. The results of this study indicate that when proactive personalities increase, career adaptability and subjective career success will in- crease too. While the other results of this study are when proactive personality increases, it does not significantly influence objective career success. Similarly, increasing career adaptability does not significantly influence objective career success.

scholarly journals Linear Offset-Free Model Predictive Control in the Dynamic PLS Framework

Information ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ligang Hou ◽  
Ze Wu ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
State Space ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Space Model ◽  
System Output ◽  
Disturbance Model

This work addresses the model predictive control (MPC) of the offset-free tracking problem in the dynamic partial least square (DyPLS) framework. Firstly, state space MPC based on the DyPLS is proposed. Then, two methods are proposed to solve the offset-free problem. One is to reform the state space model as a velocity form. Another is to augment the state space model with a disturbance model and estimate the mismatch between system output and model output with an estimator. Both methods use the system output as a feedback in the control scheme. Hence, the offset-free tracking is guaranteed, and unmeasured step disturbance can be rejected. The results of two simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed methods.

scholarly journals Decision-Making System for Lane Change Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in Connected and Automated Driving

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
HongIl An ◽  
Jae-il Jung
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
The State ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
State Information ◽  
Gradient Learning

Lane changing systems have consistently received attention in the fields of vehicular communication and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we propose a lane change system that combines deep reinforcement learning and vehicular communication. A host vehicle, trying to change lanes, receives the state information of the host vehicle and a remote vehicle that are both equipped with vehicular communication devices. A deep deterministic policy gradient learning algorithm in the host vehicle determines the high-level action of the host vehicle from the state information. The proposed system learns straight-line driving and collision avoidance actions without vehicle dynamics knowledge. Finally, we consider the update period for the state information from the host and remote vehicles.

scholarly journals Sitting Postures and Activities in Autonomous Vehicles – New Requirements towards Occupant Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1874-1878
Author(s):  
Anna-Lena Köhler ◽  
Julia Pelzer ◽  
Kristian Seidel ◽  
Stefan Ladwig
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
User Study ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Occupant Safety ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Impact

In the context of autonomous driving, new possibilities for passenger positions and occupation arise. Vehicle concepts provide more degrees of freedom for seating configurations and different activities as a passenger, leading to a need for advanced protection principles. The H2020-project OSCCAR analyses occupant safety requirements for highly automated vehicles (HAV) and defines technological developments necessary for novel safety principles. In order to understand the potential of novel sitting postures and activities in the context of autonomous driving, an empirical user study was conducted to examine the impact of different scenarios on preferred sitting postures in a simulated automated driving situation. Results gave insights into detailed sitting postures that are most likely to be obtained by occupants in future use cases. The results serve as input to a test case matrix in order to design future occupant restraint principles.

scholarly journals On-Board Road Friction Estimation Technique for Autonomous Driving Vehicle-Following Maneuvers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Stefania Santini ◽  
Nicola Albarella ◽  
Vincenzo Maria Arricale ◽  
Renato Brancati ◽  
Aleksandr Sakhnevych
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
The State ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Road Friction ◽  
Friction Estimation

In recent years, autonomous vehicles and advanced driver assistance systems have drawn a great deal of attention from both research and industry, because of their demonstrated benefit in reducing the rate of accidents or, at least, their severity. The main flaw of this system is related to the poor performances in adverse environmental conditions, due to the reduction of friction, which is mainly related to the state of the road. In this paper, a new model-based technique is proposed for real-time road friction estimation in different environmental conditions. The proposed technique is based on both bicycle model to evaluate the state of the vehicle and a tire Magic Formula model based on a slip-slope approach to evaluate the potential friction. The results, in terms of the maximum achievable grip value, have been involved in autonomous driving vehicle-following maneuvers, as well as the operating condition of the vehicle at which such grip value can be reached. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is disclosed via an extensive numerical analysis covering a wide range of environmental, traffic, and vehicle kinematic conditions. Results confirm the ability of the approach to properly automatically adapting the inter-vehicle space gap and to avoiding collisions also in adverse road conditions (e.g., ice, heavy rain).

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