scholarly journals TRADE SECRECY AND ITS ROLE IN COMBATING THE STATE OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (34) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
E.V. Gabidullina ◽  
◽  
Ya.R. Gareeva ◽  
KhabibullinaA.Z. Khabibullina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Economic Espionage

This article deals with the study of commercial secrecy and its role in the development of the shadow economy. The article describes the concept and specifics of the development of the shadow economy. Features of the development of the shadow economy and its development in the State have been identified. The author defines the role of commercial secrecy as one of the tools of the expression of shadow economy. Economic espionage is defined as a means of causing harm to the activities of economic agents and the State as a whole. Through fraud and various illegal activities, business-related methods and technologies can be identified for use in other entities or for other purposes. Such actions cause economic damage to economic agents. With global digitization, more and more information is being converted to electronic mode. It becomes more difficult to implement than it does with paper-based documents. The conclusion is that there is a need to develop regulatory requirements to define the security aspects of commercial activities and ways to ensure their safety. This will help to minimize the shadow economy

scholarly journals The Role of the State in Formation and Development of Shadow Economy in Modern-Day Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Davydova ◽  
Galina Makarova ◽  
Mikhail Tagiev
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
The Government

The article discusses some theoretical and methodological problems of defining the concept of shadow economy and determining its role in the economy and society, and estimates the role of the state in formation and development of the informal economy. The authors propose to define shadow economy basing not only on the widely accepted micro-economic approach, but also on the macro-economic one. In this relation, they point out the inverse dependence of shadow economy on two micro-factors, namely, the state of the economy and the quality of public management. According to the article, the quality of public and economy management could be assessed by the extent to which the government is able to balance its own peculiar interests (which might be unfavourable for the society, but not completely eradicable) and those of the economically active population striving for their wellbeing and stable economic development. The authors infer that shadow economy emerges and extends its scope if the legislation provides for the state to prioritize, instead of minimizing, its peculiar interests over the interests of the economy and economically active population. Therefore, in the majority of countries, shadow economy is, in fact, a result of flaws accidentally or deliberately designed in the current national legislative framework.

From Public to Private Investment Based Development Strategy: Understanding the Process, Policies and Effects of the Paradigm Shift

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Sunitha Raju
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
And Performance

This paper analyses India’s Industrial transition from a protectionist to a liberalised regime. As such, the analysis is for two time periods, namely, the Pre and the Post Reform periods. Given the broad development objectives, the focus of the analysis is on examining the policy framework and its effect on the industrialisation process. At the sectoral level, the relative roles of the public and the private sectors have been analysed in terms of their investment behaviour and performance. Even though there has been evidence of positive efficiency gains in the post reform period, this paper argues that economic liberalisation in India has been primarily reactionary in nature, without any long term development agenda. Contrary to the general belief that economic liberalism would diminish the role of the State, the paper argues that the role of the State needs to be redefined. Considering our development needs, the State should concentrate on designing appropriate policies for regulating private sector instead of actively participating in commercial activities, develop rural infrastructure for greater employment opportunities; and strengthen the social security systems.

Analysis of trends in bank financing of Ukraine’s economy in 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Anatolii DROBIAZKO ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr LYUBICH ◽  
Olena KAMINSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bank Lending ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Resource Support

The article considers the development trends of the main banking markets of active operations for the eight months of 2021. The analysis of market trends has showed that despite significant efforts of the Government to intensify lending under the programs "Affordable Loans 5-7-9%" and "Mortgage Lending", the dynamics of growth of banks' loan portfolios can notmeet expectations. The banking regulator has adopted new legal and regulatory requirements that significantly cool the banking business in conducting new lending operations. Banks with state participation in capital dominate the volume of credit operations. There is a tendency to reduce the volume of negatively classified assets in banks with the participation of the state in capital. The downward trend in negatively classified assets provides prospects for attracting foreign capital to the balance sheets of these banks. In general, the global trend of enhancing the role of the state in solving problems during the crisis has manifested itself in the economic processes of Ukraine. Trends regarding the increase of the role of the state in the financial sector during the economic crisis in modern literature is called the "new Keynesianism". In the banking sector of Ukraine there is a situation when banks have a reserve of liquidity to expand lending. But the regulatory requirements for financial monitoring of banking operations and reserve requirements for active operations of banks have become stiffer in terms of resource support for the economy.In addition, the strengthening of legal requirements for personal criminal liability of bank management is a brake on resource support of the economy. Fiscal housing at this stage of development of the financial system of Ukraine is manifested in the significant activity of banks in the government securities market. It is not worth expecting significant economic support due to the increase in bank lending without changes in regulatory policy in the crisis of 2021.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF VIEWS ON THE FACTORS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTIVE FORCES: FROM MATERIAL FACTORS TO INSTITUTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
K. Yu. Proskurnova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Third

The topic relevance of the research is due to the fact that the identification of opportunities for the country spatial development and the strengthening the role of space in the national economy development necessitate the analysis of theoretical views how it is necessary to allocate productive forces, what factors affect the efficiency of using economic resources distributed in space, what possible options for building relationships between independent economic agents, depending on the territorial location. The purpose of the study is determining the role of institutions in identifying the conditions and opportunities for the spatial development of the state based on the analysis of the theories’ evolution of the productive forces’ allocation and spatial development. The main methods used in the study are content analysis and comparative analysis of theoretical views and practical approaches to the allocation of productive forces, spatial development of individual regions and the state. The paper presents an analysis of theories which contents factors that determine the approaches to the allocation of productive forces. Theories are considered in the temporal sequence of their emergence. The first group of theories is idealized and has not found its implementation in practice. The second group, represented by Soviet scientists, was practically applied during locating production throughout the country and was based on the institutions of a planned economy. The third group of theories arose in the conditions of institutions of a mixed economy and are the comprehension of facts and processes happened in practice. So, the second group of theories is presented as «theory — practice», and the third as «practice — theory». The direction of future research involves determining the place and role of institutions in the planning and implementation of measures for the spatial development of regions and the country.

scholarly journals The Reduction of Decision Complexity: Normative Policies and the Role of Information**

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-119
Author(s):  
Luigi Mittone
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Government ◽  
Decision Complexity ◽  
Thomas Schelling ◽  
Role Of Information ◽  
Production Of Information

Abstract The principal aim of this work is to interpret the function of the state as a mechanism for reducing the complexity of the decisional process of the economic agents. The paper takes the hit from a famous case reported by Thomas Schelling - the ‘hockey players dilemma’ - to develop a model based on a modified version of the prisoner dilemma. The model compares two alternative strategies implemented by the government, the production of information versus the production of rules, both aimed to reduce irrational behaviours. The main result is that the production of information cannot by itself restore the perfect information.

A Re-Appraisal of the Role of Blood Coagulation and Platelets in the Generalized Shwartzman Phenomenon

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 519-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Levin ◽  
E Beck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Renal Glomeruli ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon ◽  
Do So

SummaryThe role of intravascular coagulation in the production of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon has been evaluated. The administration of endotoxin to animals prepared with Thorotrast results in activation of the coagulation mechanism with the resultant deposition of fibrinoid material in the renal glomeruli. Anticoagulation prevents alterations in the state of the coagulation system and inhibits development of the renal lesions. Platelets are not primarily involved. Platelet antiserum produces similar lesions in animals prepared with Thorotrast, but appears to do so in a manner which does not significantly involve intravascular coagulation.The production of adrenal cortical hemorrhage, comparable to that seen in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, following the administration of endotoxin to animals that had previously received ACTH does not require intravascular coagulation and may not be a manifestation of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon.

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

Sociostructural Aspects of Socio-Economic Development:The role of Economic approach

2014 ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
M. Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The author discusses the importance of studying socio-structural factors of socio-economic development through a broader application of the economic approach. The resources of status positions of economic agents are in the spotlight. A possible platform for interdisciplinary interactions is proposed which allows to increase the contribution of both economics and sociology in improving governance at all levels.

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