scholarly journals Chinas Experience in Combating Desertification and Greenifyng the Country: History, Outcomes and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
Aleksander Selishchev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Combating Desertification ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
National Economies ◽  
State Of The Environment

In the 21st century, despite the international community’s activism in addressing global problems, environmental issues continue to be of particular relevance. The state of the environment, as never before, becomes decisive at the most important stage of implementation of the macroeconomic policy of the state - determination of its strategic development goals. The period of industrialization has left a legacy of air pollution, land degradation, desertification and deforestation on the planet, both for knowledge-intensive, post-industrialized developed countries and for developing ones that continue to rely on raw materials. Ignoring them could block any alternatives of further economic development of national economies and increase their human capital. China is a striking example of a country, whose leaders at the end of the last century began to pay serious attention to environmental issues, first of all, to combating desertification and the subsequent implementation of forestation programs in the country. Thanks to its sound environmental policy, China has succeeded in increasing the proportion of its forest cover from 8,6 % in 1949 to 23,04 % by 2020. The purpose of the article is to provide a retrospective analysis of the complex activities in various provinces and regions of China aimed at transforming the country into a green space. Adopting the relevant experience of other countries could be a trigger in settling the still burning environmental issue.

scholarly journals Tracking Sustainability Goals with Creative Data Sources

Eos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munyaradzi Makoni
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
State Of The Environment

Nontraditional sources of data could assist in charting the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals, helping design appropriate policies and investments to improve the state of the environment.

scholarly journals Environmental problems of the agro-industrial complex: a lawyer’s view

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08035
Author(s):  
Svetlana Miroshnik ◽  
Olesya Nemykina ◽  
Ekaterina Bochkareva ◽  
Svetlana Kozhushko ◽  
Olga Solovyeva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Land Water

The relevance of the research topic is caused by the fact that the agro-industrial complex has a significant impact on the state of the environment. The agro-industrial complex is the most important element of the economic life of the absolute majority of countries. Its functioning is objectively necessary - enterprises that are part of the agro-industrial complex provide society with food and a number of important goods made from agricultural raw materials. The work of the agro-industrial complex also has the other side of the coin. Mechanization and automation of production lead to a quantitative and qualitative deterioration in the state of land, water and air resources. The purpose of the study is to highlight the environmental problems of the agro-industrial complex, to formulate proposals for their solution. The methodological basis of the study was scientifically grounded integrative legal thinking. The conclusion is made that the regulation of relations arising in the process of functioning of the agro-industrial complex is ensured through the application of social and technical norms. Environmental quality standards are of particular importance for solving environmental problems of the agro-industrial complex. They should be scientifically based and binding on all subjects of law.

scholarly journals GeoERA´s Contribution Towards Resilience in Europe’s Raw Materials Supply Chains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Wittenberg ◽  
Daniel P. S. de Oliveira ◽  
F. Javier González Sanz ◽  
Lisbeth Flindt Jørgensen ◽  
Tom Held
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Material Cycles ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
National Economies

<p>The well-being of society and the interdependencies of national economies depend heavily on reliably functioning supply chains as the COVID-19 pandemic proved this long-known statement in everyone's daily life. None of the supply chains can do without the mostly mineral raw materials. The United Nations sees raw materials as the key component for achieving all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The European Green Deal (COM(2019) 640 final) of the European Union as well as the Paris Agreement cannot be achieved without raw materials. The IPR Global Resources Outlook 2019 [1] foresees an increasing demand for raw materials worldwide regardless of all efforts to further close the raw material cycles. At the same time, the demand for responsible procurement under ethically, socially and ecologically sound conditions is becoming more and more stringent.</p><p>The four GeoERA Raw Materials projects EuroLITHOS, FRAME, MINDeSEA and Mintell4EU share expertise, information and focus on European on-shore and off-shore resources as a first step to take our share of responsibility to ensure responsible sourcing from domestic sources [2]. It is among the tasks of the GeoERA raw material projects to know and evaluate in a comparable way the raw materials of the geology under our feet and to visualize these results in accessible databases, maps and publications.</p><p>Results will be presented and discussed on the example of selected raw materials that are particularly important for the energy transition to make Europe climate-neutral by 2050.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Constructing Apathy: How Environmentalism and Environmental Education May Be Fostering “Learned Hopelessness” in Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Negative Messages ◽  
State Of The Environment

AbstractFor children, environmental issues have become part of their formal and informal educational lives. The merging of the terms environment and education in the 1970s has also witnessed an emerging degree of pessimism through bringing the plight of the environment to the educational arena of children. Much of the discourse surrounding sustainable development is premised on a negative outlook regarding the state of the environment. It is these types of negative messages on which this article focuses. This paper suggests that while attempting to educate future generations about environmental issues, environmentalism may have also assisted in developing a generation of children who have not only become apathetic to environmental issues but also lost in a confusing muddle of “learned hopelessness’.

Accounting for ambient air pollution when predicting the incidence of the child population

1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-388
Author(s):  
F. F. Dautov
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Child Population ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
State Of The Environment

The close relationship between the state of the environment and the health of the population has become increasingly evident in recent years and deserves attention, especially in economically developed countries.

GLOBAL CHALLENGES FOR OIL ANF FAT INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE IN 2020

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Beskupska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Export Duty

The article deals with the problems of the oil and fat industry in the 2020-2021 marketing year and the main reasons for their occurrence. The strategic importance of the oil and fat industry for the country's economy as a whole has been determined. The performance of this industry, since 1999, when the export duty on sunflower seeds was introduced, annually continues to confirm the advantages of the economy's transition from a raw material type, turning into a raw material appendage for the economies of developed countries, to the creation of a competitive product with high added value within the country. The article pointed out that a 15% drop in the yield of oilseeds in 2020 significantly influenced the formation of a pricing policy for oilseeds and negatively affected the activities of processing enterprises. The necessity of state intervention in case of uncontrolled growth of prices for raw materials and the maximum restriction of export of raw materials from the country are substantiated. The food security of our country and the development of domestic agriculture largely depend on the quality of decisions made at the state level today. For the stable and dynamic development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, and in particular the oil and fat industry, it is necessary to maintain active cooperation between the state and business, which will help to attract foreign investments more actively and produce products with higher added value. It was found that with the total processing capacity of oilseeds at the level of 23 mln tons per year, there is a need to contain exports as much as possible. Since a maximum of 16 million tons of sunflower and about 1 million tons of soybeans and rapeseed are processed, there is a need to increase processing by introducing an export duty on all oilseeds, thus stimulating not the export of raw materials, but the processing and export of final products.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

Ghana: the State of Agriculture and Prospects for Food Security in the Context of Achieving SDGs

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Tatyana Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

For the first time in Russian African studies, the author examines the current state of agriculture, challenges and prospects for food security in Ghana, which belongs to the group of African countries that have made the most progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are a collection of 17 global goals adopted by UN member states in 2015 with a view of achieving them by 2030. The SDGs include: ending poverty in all its forms everywhere (Goal 1); ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture (2); ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages (3), etc. These goals are considered fundamental because the achievement of a number of other SDGs – for example, ensuring quality education (4), achieving gender equality (5), ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns (12), etc. – largely depends on their implementation. Ghana was commended by the world community for the significant reduction in poverty, hunger and malnutrition between 2000 and 2014, i.e. for the relatively successful implementation of the first of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000–2015) – the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. However, SDGs require more careful study and planning of implementation measures. In order to achieve the SDGs, the Government of Ghana has adopted a number of programs, plans and projects, the successful implementation of which often stumbles upon the lack of funding and lack of coordination between state bodies, private and public organizations, foreign partners – donors and creditors, etc., which are involved in the processes of socioeconomic development of Ghana. The author determines the reasons for the lack of food security in Ghana, gives an assessment of the state of the agricultural sector, the effective development of which is a prerequisite for the reduction of poverty and hunger, primarily due to the engagement of a significant share (45%) of the economically active population in this sector. The study shows that the limited growth in food production is largely due to the absence of domestic markets and necessary roads, means of transportation, irrigation and storage infrastructure, as well as insufficient investment in the agricultural sector, rather than to a shortage of fertile land or labor.

On the issue of the revitalization and modernization of the engineering in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
A. E. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Products

Currently, one of the important tasks of the economic policy of Russia is the formation of a hightech image of the national economy, capable of effective functioning in the changing global geopolitical and geoeconomic conditions. In this context, the issue of revitalization of mechanical engineering, which plays a key role in the development of the country’s economy, is of particular relevance. This sector is a link between scientific and technological progress and the level of provision of domestic producers with domestic machines and equipment, allowing them to produce competitive products and to a lesser extent depend on the state of the external environment. The example of the developed countries of the world shows that the development of advanced engineering technology significantly increases the efficiency of the national economy, helps to accelerate its growth. At the same time, in Russia, in order to unleash the scientific and technical potential and activate engineering, it is necessary to initiate modernization processes in it. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of the study is to analyze the state of Russian engineering from the position of its role in the country’s economy. It is shown that at present a significant barrier to the development of this sector is the predominance of imported equipment, due to technical and operational characteristics, often superior to domestic counterparts.

Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yu. Olefir ◽  
E. Sakanyan ◽  
I. Osipova ◽  
V. Dobrynin ◽  
M. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

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