scholarly journals Tooth loss in relation to serum cotinine levels - A cross-sectional study from the Belville South area in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (04) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Faheema Kimmie-Dhansay ◽  
Carla C Pontes ◽  
Usuf Chikte ◽  
Rajiv T Erasmus ◽  
Andre P Kengne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Tooth loss constitutes a major public health challenge, sharing common risk factors with non-communicable diseases. To report the relationship between tooth loss and serum cotinine levels in a population sample of mixed ethnic heritage from the Belville South area in South Africa. Cross-sectional epidemiological study.Subjects were invited from 2014 to 2016 according to a consecutive sampling technique and all those who met the inclusion criteria were included. In all, 1876 individuals were included, being 1416 females (75.5%), with a combined average age of 49.5 ± 15.3 years. In total 46.7% of the sample was edentulous, with females presenting a higher proportion than males (50.7% vs. 34.1%, p < 0.001). The relative risk (RR) of being edentulous was higher for females (RR=1.8, 95% CI=1.35-2.41, p<0.001) and for participants with cotinine levels 15-299 ng/ml (RR = 1.37, 95% CI=1.02=1.83, p=0.04) and ≥300 ng/ml (RR=1.51, 95% CI=1.09-2.08, p=0.01). Maxillary incisors and mandibular molars were the most prevalent missing teeth. The burden of tooth loss is high in the studied population sample, as well their unmet needs for dental care. Female gender, tobacco exposure, and aging were associated with partial and total edentulism.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS EXPERIENCES OF INDIAN POPULATION DURING CORONAVIRUS DISEASE PANDEMIC SOCIAL ISOLATION AND LONELINESS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
DIVYA GOEL ◽  
MAJID FAROOQ
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mental Health Programs

Objective: The sudden emergence of wide spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to adoption of physical distancing or lockdown all over the globe to curtail the viral transmission. Although lockdown plays an important role, at the same time, it can adversely affect the psychological health of the population. In addition, because of stay at home order, people are more inclined to use the media which can further aggravate the mental health issues in population. This study was planned to study the perceived psychological issues associated with the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods: An online social survey was conducted using semi-structured questionnaire, participants were added through snowball sampling technique. Results: A total of 455 people (264 females and 191 males) participated in the study. Majority of participants 228 (50.1%) felt stressed out during coronavirus lockdown period. Female gender was associated with greater negative psychological impact of lockdown. Most participants 263 (57.8%) were worried about the health of the loved ones. Most of the participants tried to seek information from different media. The difference between the stress level was highly significant (p=0.04639∗) between the participants depending on the duration for which they explore the information on different media. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic was associated with stress in the majority of people in our sample, and media has a role to modulate the psychological impact of this lockdown. As COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, we need to verify these findings on larger population and policy-makers need to strengthen our mental health programs to mitigate the psychological impact of this pandemic.

scholarly journals Psychosocial stress in South African patients with type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Ramkisson ◽  
Basil J. Pillay ◽  
Ben Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
African Patients

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is considered an emotionally and behaviourally demanding condition which adds to the stress of a patient’s daily living. There is a paucity of literature in South Africa regarding stress and diabetes. This study therefore aims to identify the areas and contributory factors of psychosocial stress in South African patients with diabetes.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two public facilities and five private medical practices on the north coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The Questionnaire on Stress in Diabetes – Revised was administered to 401 participants.Results: Eighteen percent of the sample reported having extreme psychosocial stress. Depression, physical complaints and self-medication/diet were the main areas which contributed to high psychosocial stress. Factors that also contributed to high levels of psychosocial stress were low educational level, unemployment, female gender, attending the public sector and high HbA1c levels.Conclusion: Psychosocial stress affects metabolic control in patients with diabetes, thereby increasing the risks of long-term complications.

scholarly journals Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines Among Physicians in Mid Delta Region of Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa Mohamed Shehata ◽  
Ahmed Elshora ◽  
Mira Maged Abu-elenin
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Attainments

Abstract Background Safe and effective vaccines became an important preventive tool to protect people against novel Corona Virus Disease infection. Since physicians are at higher risk for contagion of COVID-19 infection, they were prioritized for early vaccination. Also, they are role models who can improve adherence of people to vaccination. Aim of the study: to determine the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines among physicians in the Gharbia governorate, Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited working physicians through snowballing random sampling technique. Data was collected by using a self-administered electronic questionnaire which measured the self-perceived risk to COVID-19 infection, the attitudes and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. Results: The study enrolled 1268 physicians, 22% of them were vaccinated .Only 24% expressed their acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccines, while 36.7% didn't agree to get vaccinated. Vaccination unacceptance was significantly associated with increasing age, female gender, higher educational attainments, limited income, no direct patients' contact, diagnostic subspecialty, and working in a rural health facility (p= 0.004, 0.02, <0.0001, <0.0001, 0.01, 0.01, 0.002 respectively).Conclusions: Though physicians are at higher risk of infection, they had poor acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines which may, induce reluctance of people to get vaccinated. Special actions should be tailored to address the significant mediators associated with vaccine unacceptability.

scholarly journals The role of environmental tobacco exposure and Helicobacter pylori infection in the risk of chronic tonsillitis in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Chen Li’e ◽  
Che Juan ◽  
Jiang Dongying ◽  
Feng Guiling ◽  
Zheng Tihua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a chronic infectious pathogen with high prevalence. This study investigated the interaction between environmental tobacco exposure and H. pylori infection on the incidence of chronic tonsillitis in Chinese children. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study performed in an outpatient clinic in China. METHODS: Pediatric patients with chronic tonsillitis were enrolled. H. pylori infection was determined according to the presence of H. pylori CagA IgG antibodies. Serum cotinine levels and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure were determined for all participants. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in H. pylori infection between the children with chronic tonsillitis and children free of disease, but there was a significant difference in ETS between the two groups (P = 0.011). We next studied the association between ETS and chronic tonsillitis based on H. pylori infection status. In the patients with H. pylori infection, there was a significant difference in ETS distribution between the chronic tonsillitis and control groups (P = 0.022). Taking the participants without ETS as the reference, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that those with high ETS had higher susceptibility to chronic tonsillitis (adjusted OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.67-3.25; adjusted P < 0.001). However, among those without H. pylori infection, ETS did not predispose towards chronic tonsillitis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that tobacco exposure should be a putative mediator risk factor to chronic tonsillitis among children with H. pylori infection.

scholarly journals Depression among medical students in Alexandria, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1416-1425
Author(s):  
Wafaa Ihab Hafez Elsawy ◽  
Aida Aly Reda Sherif ◽  
Medhat Salah El Din Attia ◽  
Nessrin Ahmed El- Nimr
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Depression is a common illness worldwide with high rate among medical students. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence of depression among medical students in Alexandria, and identify its correlates. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria Uni- versity. Using a systematic random sampling technique, 390 students attending 4th, 5th, and 6th academic years were included. Data was collected using the Arabic version of the BDI-II and a predesigned structured self-administered questionnaire, including questions about the students’ personal and social characteristics and academic environment. Results: Moderate and severe depression accounted for 27.9% and 17.2%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis results showed that the independent predictors for moderate and severe depression were female gender, the presence of mental illness, not having someone to talk to when under stress, experiencing stressful life event(s) during the previous 6 months, not being satisfied with the socioeconomic level, reporting that the surrounding environment is not suitable for studying, not specifying a grade to achieve, and extreme dissatisfaction with the student’s result. Conclusion: Prevalence of moderate and severe depression was high among medical students, calling for actions to help those students and to prevent new cases. Keywords: BDI-II; depression; determinants; medical students; prevalence.

scholarly journals Functional tooth units and masticatory ability in elderly population

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Fatimah Rini Dwiningrum ◽  
Kartika Indah Sari ◽  
Rasmi Rikmasari
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Masticatory Function ◽  
Masticatory Ability ◽  
Functional Tooth ◽  
Functional Tooth Units

Introduction: The elders are the ones that most often experience tooth loss which affects masticatory function. Masticatory function can be evaluated subjectively through masticatory ability assessment. The masticatory function is influenced by the number of posterior occluding pairs; this also may be called as functional tooth units (FTUs). The purpose of this study was to describe FTUs and masticatory ability in the elderly. Methods: This research was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional study design. Subjects were taken by purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted in the Lebakgede Sub-district, Bandung City. Data mentioned were obtained by conducting interviews regarding data on subject characteristics and questionnaires of masticatory ability, as well as examining the oral cavity to obtain FTUs data. Results: Subjects obtained were 74 people consisting of 63 women (85.14%) and 11 men (14.86%). Based on the results, the average age of the research subjects was 68.49 years, and those with good masticatory ability status were 26 elderly (35.14%) with an average FTU value of 5.9 while 48 elderly (64.86%) had poor masticatory ability status with an average FTU score of 1.5, even 31 subjects (41.89%) had a zero FTU score. Conclusion: The majority of the elderly in this research mostly had a low total FTUs score which means that the masticatory ability status in the elderly tended to be poor.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Relation to Serum Cotinine Levels—Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cruvinel Pontes ◽  
Usuf Chikte ◽  
Faheema Kimmie-Dhansay ◽  
Rajiv T. Erasmus ◽  
Andre P. Kengne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Mucosal Lesions

Oral mucosal lesions (OML) can decrease oral health-related quality of life and some have the potential to become malignant. The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence of OML in relation to age, sex, and serum cotinine levels in a population with mixed ancestry from South Africa. This study is part of the Cape Town Vascular and Metabolic Health (VHM) study, conducted between 2014–2016. Trained dental examiners assessed the oral mucosa for the presence of OML according to WHO criteria. In total, 1976 individuals were included in the study, being 1496 females (75.7%) and 480 males (24.3%) with average age of 49.5 years (SD = 15.3). In total, 262 lesions were detected in 252 participants (overall prevalence of 13%). Males had higher prevalence than females (14% vs. 9%, p = 0.008). Participants aged 25–34 had the highest prevalence rates (21%). Participants who had cotinine ≥15 ng/mL had higher prevalence of OML as compared to those with <15 ng/mL (15% vs. 5%, p < 0.001). Most common lesions were nicotine stomatitis (33%) and leukoplakia (19%). Age, male sex, and higher cotinine levels were associated with increased prevalence of OML.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of geriatric depression in a rural community in Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special2) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
Ann Mary Thomas ◽  
Babita Susan ◽  
Jacob Davies Kalliath ◽  
Vinu Cherian ◽  
Brilly M Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Elderly constitutes a vulnerable group for depression, as they are especially prone to suffer adverse consequences of a depressive episode and have greater rates of completed suicides. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and determinants of geriatric depression.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 250 elderlies from 1st January 2019 to 1st January 2020 in the different rural blocks of Ernakulam district, India. The multistage sampling technique and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) were used to collect the data. A score of 0 9 is considered "normal", 10 19 is labeled as "mildly depressed", and 20 30 as "severely depressed". Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software. The Chi-square test /Fisher's exact test was used to study the association between the socio-demographic and behavioral variables with depression. Results: The mean age was 69.33 ± 7.41years and male: female ratio was 0.55: 1.The overall prevalence of depression was 52.4%. Advanced age over 70years [OR=2.04;95% CI, 1.227 – 3.394; P=0.006], female gender[OR=2.844;95% CI,1.663-4.865; P =<0.001], lack of gainful employment [OR=3.504; 95% CI, 1.833–6.699; P =<0.001], physical dependence [OR=0.365;95% CI,0.162–0.821; P =0.012], financial dependence [OR=0.388; 95% CI, 0.219–0.687; P =<0.001], presence of medical co morbidities [OR=0.428; 95% CI, 0.212–0.866; P =0.016],poor lifestyle including the lack of regular exercise [OR =2.020; 95% CI,1.174–3.473; P =0.010], addiction to alcohol [OR=4.932;95%CI,1.600-15.208; P =0.004] and addiction to tobacco smoking [OR=2.905;95%CI,1.273-6.628; P =0.009] and poor family support [OR= 5.180;95% CI,716–15.636; P = 0.002] were found to be significantly associated with depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among the elderlies was high, and hence early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to reduce its burden in the community.

Frequency of Neck and Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dentists

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Sidra Sarwar ◽  
Sara Khalid ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Hadeeqa Jabeen ◽  
Shahid Imran
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
And Performance

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are not only becoming prevalent among health care professionals in our country but are affecting their health and performance adversely. They are caused by poor ergonomics and awkward posture during work activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in dentists of Lahore, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2017 to March 2018. The data was collected using convenient sampling technique from 162 Dentists including 52 males and 110 females of Children hospital Lahore, Punjab Dental hospital and Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Data was collected by using Mangalore Questionnaire for identification of musculoskeletal disorders. Descriptive analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Of 162 dentists, 115 (71%) suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. Shoulder was the most commonly affected region (30.9%) followed by neck (25.9%), arm (6.2%), wrist (4.3%), elbow (3.1%) and forearm (0.6%). Pain (45.7%) was found to be the most common complaint followed by muscle weakness (20.4%), paraesthesia (3.7%) and swelling (1.2%). Conclusions: It was concluded that majority of the dentists were suffering from musculoskeletal disorders with shoulder as the most affected region and pain as the most frequent complaint. Key words: Dentists, Musculoskeletal disorders, Neck pain, Upper extremity

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document