scholarly journals The legend of plantar neuropraxia in long-distance athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
DS Kellogg ◽  
J Joslin
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sensory Deficits ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neurosensory Testing

Background. Legend has it that endurance athletes who develop plantar foot pain during long-distance running frequently experience an eventual relief of pain due to a transient neuropraxia brought on by continued activity.Objective. To evaluate the nature of this legend, we assessed long-distance runners for the presence of sensory deficits before and after completion of an ultramarathon, expecting to find an induced neuropraxia  and abnormal sensory results.Methods. Twenty-five adult participants of an ultramarathon were evaluated prior to their 50/100 km run and again upon completion of the race. Neurosensory testing was performed using a 10 g monofilament at 4 locations on each foot and a 128 Hz tuning fork at one location on each foot. The same techniques were used prior to, and at conclusion of the race.Results. We detected no neuropraxia or sensory deficits in any participant, despite reports by the same subjects that they had experienced the phenomenon during the race. While runners commonly report losing sensation in their feet during long runs, we were unable to demonstrate any sensory deficit with simple field-based testing.Conclusion. We believe that there is room for additional research to be performed using more sensitive means of neurosensory evaluation.

scholarly journals The legend of plantar neuropraxia in long-distance athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
DS Kellogg ◽  
J Joslin
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sensory Deficits ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neurosensory Testing

Background. Legend has it that endurance athletes who develop plantar foot pain during long-distance running frequently experience an eventual relief of pain due to a transient neuropraxia brought on by continued activity.Objective. To evaluate the nature of this legend, we assessed long-distance runners for the presence of sensory deficits before and after completion of an ultramarathon, expecting to find an induced neuropraxia  and abnormal sensory results.Methods. Twenty-five adult participants of an ultramarathon were evaluated prior to their 50/100 km run and again upon completion of the race. Neurosensory testing was performed using a 10 g monofilament at 4 locations on each foot and a 128 Hz tuning fork at one location on each foot. The same techniques were used prior to, and at conclusion of the race.Results. We detected no neuropraxia or sensory deficits in any participant, despite reports by the same subjects that they had experienced the phenomenon during the race. While runners commonly report losing sensation in their feet during long runs, we were unable to demonstrate any sensory deficit with simple field-based testing.Conclusion. We believe that there is room for additional research to be performed using more sensitive means of neurosensory evaluation.

scholarly journals Catharsis – Philosophical and Spiritual Aspects of Long-Distance Running

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Marcel Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Running

Summary The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the occurrence of cathartic states in a sample of long-distance runners. Data collected via questionnaires were used to evaluate quantitative variables complemented by heuristics while aiming at qualitatively categorize the areas of cathartic states in the context of philosophical and spiritual aspects of long-distance running. The study findings objectify philosophical and spiritual aspects affecting personalities of long-distance runners. The study findings have shown that catharsis represents a relevant philosophical and spiritual aspect affecting long-distance running. We assume that authentic experience of catharsis and its effects motivates runners to perform regular physical activity. The analysis of philosophical and spiritual aspects of long-distance running has revealed a multi-spectral holistic relevance based on the transfer affecting a specific way of life, spectrum of values, ethical personality traits, and also the quality of long-distance runners’ lives.

scholarly journals OR-025 Association study between Chinese excellent long-distance female athletes’ PGC-1β genetic polymorphism and aerobic capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jia ◽  
Chunyan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity

Objective Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) is mainly expressed in mitochondria-rich tissues, which involved in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biosynthesis and energy metabolism processes such as fatty acid transport and oxidation, hepatic gluconeogenesis. PGC-1β is Previous studies have shown that this genetic polymorphism is associated with the athletic ability of elite endurance athletes. Therefore, based on the previous research, the relationship between PGC-1β gene polymorphism and aerobic exercise ability of elite female long-distance runners was discussed to provide new effective indicators for athletes' selection of materials, and improve the accuracy and advancement of athletes' selection of materials. Methods 56 Chinese elite female long-distance runners were selected, and venous blood was extracted to analyze the gene polymorphism of specific gene locus. The subjects were tested for aerobic endurance index and lung function index, wherein the aerobic endurance index included maximum oxygen uptake, relative maximal oxygen uptake relative value, anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold relative value, and lung function indicators including vital capacity, Time lung capacity, minute ventilation and maximum ventilation . Subsequently, the cross-sectional association study method was used to analyze the association between four genotypes locus of PGC-1β including rs32579, rs2161257, rs1544744 and rs10783180 in 56 subjects. Results 1) All four polymorphic locus were tested by H-W balance, indicating that the subjects were representative of the population. 2) rs32579 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 3) rs2161257 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 4) rs1544744 locus: There were no significant differences in lung function indicators and aerobic exercise capacity between different genotype athletes. 5) rs10783180 locus: There is a significant difference in the relative values of anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold between different genotype athletes. The anaerobic threshold of AG genotype athletes was 2156.35±227.69 ml/min and the anaerobic threshold of athletes with GG genotype was 2143.41±217.30 ml/min. So the anaerobic threshold of AG genotype athletes was significantly greater than the anaerobic threshold of GG genotype athletes. The Anaerobic threshold relative value for AG genotype athletes was 50.99±3.99 ml/kg/min, while the anaerobic threshold relative value for athletes with GG genotype was 48.12±4.25 ml/kg/min. The anaerobic threshold relative value of AG genotype athletes was significantly greater than that of GG genotype athletes Other indicators showed no significant difference. Conclusions The rs10783180 polymorphism is associated with the athletic ability of elite endurance athletes. The population carrying AG genotype may have higher anaerobic threshold value and relative value of anaerobic threshold, which may become more excellent endurance athletes. Rs10783180 polymorphic locus AG genotype can be used as a molecular genetic marker to predict the relative value of anaerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold of Chinese Han women's long-distance runners in northern China.

scholarly journals Dependence of reactions of the external respiratory system in athletes on the orientation of the training process

Pathologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
S. M. Kanyhina ◽  
M. S. Potapenko ◽  
L. O. Kurilets
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Respiratory Volume

Issues of improving the functional training (different orientation of the training process) of athletes due the development of the respiratory system, including the respiratory system, as well as increasing the body's resistance to hypoxic stress remain extremely relevant at the present stage of sport development. The aim of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of the reaction of the external respiratory system in athletes, depending on the orientation of the training process. Materials and methods. The study involved 104 athletes (84 men and 20 women) skill level from CMS to IMS: 63 – athletes, who developed mainly endurance quality (triathletes, swimmers, long-distance runners, rowing), 31 – strength quality (weightlifters, powerlifting, weightlifting), 10 – speed quality (runners sprinters). The mean age of the athletes under study was 21.75 ± 3.32 years. Among them there are international masters of sports (IMS) – 2 athletes, masters of sports (MS) – 25, candidates for master of sports – 48, athletes of 1 degree – 29. Computer spirometric examination was performed for all athletes using the spirographic complex “Spirocom” produced by LLC “KHAI-Medica” in Kharkiv in accordance with existing recommendations. Research results. Analysis of computer spirometry showed, that athletes, who developed the quality of strength had 18.2 % (P = 0.014) greater vital capacity of the lungs, due to the predominance of respiratory volume by 29.9 % (P = 0.017) and by 42.1 % (P = 0.001) inspiratory reserve volume, but less by 22.4 % (P = 0.019) expiratory reserve volume, than athletes, who improved the quality of endurance. Athletes, who developed the quality of endurance in contrast to athletes, who improved the quality of speed had a higher forced vital capacity of the lungs by 14.9 % (P = 0.031), due to the predominance of a inspiratory reserve volume by 9.8 % (P = 0.049) and expiratory reserve volume by 28.5 % (P = 0.044). Athletes, who improved the quality of speed had lower vital capacity of the lungs by 26.1 % (P = 0.003), forced vital capacity of the lungs by 20.2 % (P = 0.016), due to a decrease of inspiratory reserve volume by 34.2 % (P = 0.008), than athletes, who improved the quality of strength. Athletes, who developed the quality of speed, had greater resistance to air flow in the bronchi of small caliber in the exhalation phase, as evidenced by a lower rate of forced expiratory volume1 by 21.1 % (P = 0.015), the volume of forced expiratory to reach the peak expiratory flow by 30.2 % (P = 0.016), MEF 75 by 22.9 % (P = 0.036), FEF 75–85 by 22.8 % (P = 0.035), than athletes, who developed the quality of strength. Conclusions Athletes, who have developed a quality of strength have a greater vital capacity of the lungs, due to the predominance of respiratory volume and inspiratory reserve volume, but less expiratory reserve volume, than in athletes, who improved the quality of endurance. Athletes, who developed endurance quality, in contrast to athletes, who improved the quality of speed, have a higher forced vital capacity of the lungs, due to the predominance of inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes. The function of external respiration of athletes, who improved the quality of speed is characterized by lower vital capacity of the lungs, forced vital capacity of the lungs, due to reduced inspiratory reserve volume, and greater resistance to airflow in the bronchi of small caliber in the expiratory phase, than in athletes, who developed the quality of strength.

scholarly journals Key psychological factors in long distance running

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
D. Chojnicki ◽  
O. Smoleńska ◽  
R. Muszkieta
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Research Problems

Purpose of the article is to identify the most important psychological factors influencing success among long-distance runners. Material and methods. The application of an electronic diagnostic survey (interview) was used as the research method in the study. The normalized questionnaire was applied as a research technique in the paper. Results.The analysis of the results was divided into parts, the first two of which concern the characteristics and environment of the respondents, and the remaining ones refer to the research problems formulated in the methodology section. The most numerous group of women have physical and mental trainings (32%) and the majority of men trains neither physically nor mentally (28%). Conclusions. There are many key factors in long-distance running. However, the most important ones seem to be stubbornness, motivation, self-confidence, optimism as well as support from family and peers. Runners are considered to be people who are often physically and mentally resistant. They are often able to sacrifice a lot to achieve their goals. The path taken by long-distance runners is often incomprehensible to their surroundings that is family, peers or employers.

scholarly journals The use of arnica for the treatment of soft-tissue damage

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Bauer ◽  
L. Weight ◽  
M. I. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Soft Tissue Damage ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Arnica Montana ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tissue Trauma

There is growing anecdotal evidence of the use of homeopathy among sports participants. Arnica Montana [also known as Leopard ’s Bane] is frequently used as a prophylactic agent both before and after long distance running in the belief that it reduces delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS]. There is equivocal evidence of its efficacy. The lack of convincing scientific proof is a major reason for homeopathy not being embraced by the medical community. The aim of this review is to discuss the principles of homeopathy in general, followed by a more detailed analysis of the use of arnica in the treatment of soft tissue trauma. Clinical trials published since 1982 were identified using the Medline database. Based on these data it was concluded that there is no overwhelming evidence that treatment with a homeopathic remedy, specifically Arnica Montana, consistently reduces the severity of, or the rate of, healing of soft tissue damage.

Impairment of Sprint Mechanical Properties in an Actual Soccer Match: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryu Nagahara ◽  
Jean-Benoit Morin ◽  
Masaaki Koido
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Before And After

Purpose:To assess soccer-specific impairment of mechanical properties in accelerated sprinting and its relation with activity profiles during an actual match.Methods:Thirteen male field players completed 4 sprint measurements, wherein running speed was obtained using a laser distance-measurement system, before and after the 2 halves of 2 soccer matches. Macroscopic mechanical properties (theoretical maximal horizontal force [F0], maximal horizontal sprinting power [Pmax], and theoretical maximal sprinting velocity [V0]) during the 35-m sprint acceleration were calculated from speed–time data. Players’ activity profiles during the matches were collected using global positioning system units.Results:After the match, although F0 and Pmax did not significantly change, V0 was reduced (P = .038), and the magnitude of this reduction correlated with distance (positive) and number (negative) of high-speed running, number of running (negative), and other low-intensity activity distance (negative) during the match. Moreover, Pmax decreased immediately before the second half (P = .014).Conclusions:The results suggest that soccer-specific fatigue probably impairs players’ maximal velocity capabilities more than their maximal horizontal force-production abilities at initial acceleration. Furthermore, long-distance running, especially at high speed, during the match may induce relatively large impairment of maximal velocity capabilities. In addition, the capability of producing maximal horizontal power during sprinting is presumably impaired during halftime of a soccer match with passive recovery. These findings could be useful for players and coaches aiming to train effectively to maintain sprinting performance throughout a soccer match when planning a training program.

A Mismatch Between Athlete Practice and Current Sports Nutrition Guidelines Among Elite Female and Male Middle- and Long-Distance Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida A. Heikura ◽  
Trent Stellingwerff ◽  
Antti A. Mero ◽  
Arja Leena Tuulia Uusitalo ◽  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nutrition Guidelines ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
World Class ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Contemporary nutrition guidelines promote a variety of periodized and time-sensitive recommendations, but current information regarding the knowledge and practice of these strategies among world-class athletes is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate this theme by implementing a questionnaire on dietary periodization practices in national/international level female (n = 27) and male (n = 21) middle- and long-distance runners/race-walkers. The questionnaire aimed to gain information on between and within-day dietary choices, as well as timing of pre- and posttraining meals and practices of training with low or high carbohydrate (CHO) availability. Data are shown as percentage (%) of all athletes, with differences in responses between subgroups (sex or event) shown as Chi-square x2 when p < .05. Nearly two-thirds of all athletes reported that they aim to eat more food on, or after, hard training days. Most athletes said they focus on adequate fueling (96%) and adequate CHO and protein (PRO) recovery (87%) around key sessions. Twenty-six percent of athletes (11% of middle vs 42% of long-distance athletes [x2 (1, n = 46) = 4.308, p = .038, phi = 0.3])) reported to undertake training in the fasted state, while 11% said they periodically restrict CHO intake, with 30% ingesting CHO during training sessions. Our findings show that elite endurance athletes appear to execute pre- and post-key session nutrition recovery recommendations. However, very few athletes deliberately undertake some contemporary dietary periodization approaches, such as training in the fasted state or periodically restricting CHO intake. This study suggests mismatches between athlete practice and current and developing sports nutrition guidelines.

Metabolic changes following eccentric exercise in trained and untrained men

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1864-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Evans ◽  
C. N. Meredith ◽  
J. G. Cannon ◽  
C. A. Dinarello ◽  
W. R. Frontera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase

The effects of one 45-min bout of high-intensity eccentric exercise (250 W) were studied in four male runners and five untrained men. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity in these runners was higher (P less than 0.001) than in the untrained men before exercise and peaked at 207 IU/ml 1 day after exercise, whereas in untrained men the maximum was 2,143 IU/ml 5 days after exercise. Plasma interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the trained men was also higher (P less than 0.001) than in the untrained men before exercise but did not significantly increase after exercise. In the untrained men, IL-1 was significantly elevated 3 h after exercise (P less than 0.001). In the untrained group only, 24-h urines were collected before and after exercise while the men consumed a meat-free diet. Urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine in the untrained group rose significantly from 127 mumol/g before exercise to 180 mumol/g 10 days after exercise. The results suggest that in untrained men eccentric exercise leads to a metabolic response indicative of delayed muscle damage. Regularly performed long distance running was associated with chronically elevated plasma IL-1 levels and serum CK activities without acute increases after an eccentric exercise bout.

scholarly journals Pacing in Long-Distance Running: Sex and Age Differences in 10-km Race and Marathon

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Ivan Cuk ◽  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Elias Villiger ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Mass Participation ◽  
Events Data ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

Background and objective: The recent availability of data from mass-participation running events has allowed researchers to examine pacing from the perspective of non-elite distance runners. Based on an extensive analysis of the literature, we concluded that no study utilizing mass-participation events data has ever directly compared pacing in the 10-km race, with other long-distance races. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess and compare pacing between 10-km runners and marathoners, in regards to their sex and age. Materials and methods: For the purpose of this study, official results from the Oslo marathon (n = 8828) and 10-km race (n = 16,315) held from 2015 to 2018 were included. Results: Both 10-km runners and marathoners showed positive pacing strategies. Moreover, two-way analysis of variance showed that women were less likely to slow in the marathon than men (9.85% in comparison to 12.70%) however, not in the 10-km race (3.99% in comparison to 3.38%). Finally, pace changing is more prominent in youngest and oldest marathoners comparing to the other age groups (12.55% in comparison to 10.96%). Conclusions: Based on these findings, practitioners should adopt different training programmes for marathoners in comparison to shorter long-distance runners.

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