Gram-negative aerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from pathological processes and lesions of horses

The pathogenicity of bacterial strains isolated from pathological processes and lesions of horses, strategies for their treatment and the choice of appropriate antimicrobials are frequently a challenging problem for private veterinarians who seek help in our laboratory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to map genera and species of Gram-negative aerobic and microaerophilic microorganisms isolated from pathological processes in horses and to identify the most effective antimicrobial agents for therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility. Between 2009 and 2014 a total of 449 clinical samples (n = 449) were examined; 229 (51%) of them were obtained from the respiratory tract, 121 (27%) from the skin, 40 (8.9%) from the digestive tract, 40 (8.9%) from the eyes, eight (1.8%) from the urinary system, six (1.3%) from the musculoskeletal system, four (0.9%) from the lymphatic system and one (0.2%) from milk. The examination was performed using conventional microbiological culture methods. The identification of isolates was confirmed using MALDI-TOF molecular phenotyping (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Bremen, Germany). From the 276 Gram-negative isolates (prevalence of 61.5%), the most frequently detected strains were Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Actinobacillus spp. with prevalence rates of 7.6%, 6.7%, 6.7%, 6.0% and 5.8%. In addition, another 20 genera of microorganisms were detected. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using the disc diffusion method. The most effective agents were gentamicin (94.1%), enrofloxacin (91.7%), colistin (87.0%), florfenicol (86.2%), neomycin (85.5%), streptomycin (82.4%) and tetracycline (78.5%). A good knowledge of the spectrum of bacterial species participating in pathological processes and lesions in horses and their antimicrobial susceptibility may be of great importance not only in treatment but also in deciding which prophylactic antibiotics to administer after surgical interventions.

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Detection of SHV and TEM-type Extended spectrum β-lactamase in bacterial isolates recovered from clinical samples of patients attending military hospitals in South-South Nigeria

Zinc supplementation improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead ◽

10.18051/univmed.2019.v38.186-193 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Helen Oroboghae Ogefere ◽

Samuel E. Iriah ◽

Ephraim Ehidiamen Ibadin

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Military Hospitals ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Phenotypic Method ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

Background Multi-drug resistant bacterial strains have been increasingly implicated in clinical infections worldwide and beta-lactamase production is one of the commonest mechanisms of resistance in these strains. This study investigated the prevalence of extended spectrum â-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates and determined the temoneira (TEM) and sulfhydryl variable (SHV) types implicated in two military hospitals in South-South Nigeria. Methods Three-hundred and eighty (380) consecutive non-duplicate bacterial isolates (Gram negative bacilli) recovered from clinical samples were identified following standard techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for each isolate following the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Bacterial isolates recovered which comprised Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for ESBL using a phenotypic method (double disc synergy test). All positive isolates were screened for TEM and SHV genes by PCR method. Results Sixty-five isolates (17.1%) were ESBL producing using phenotypic method, E. coli showed the highest ESBL prevalence (24.3%). One isolate was SHV positive (1.5%), 8 (12.3%) were TEM positive while 3 (4.6%) isolates harbored both SHV and TEM genes. Fluoroquinolone - ofloxacin showed marked activity against ESBL-producing isolates (90.8%) while the least active were ceftriaxone (9.2%), ceftazidime (3.1%) and ampicillin (1.5%). Conclusion This study demonstrated that 17.1% of Gram-negative bacilli were ESBL producers. Screening of clinical isolates for ESBL should be implemented. The findings of this study suggest the need for caution in the use of antimicrobial agents in order to curb the incidence of antimicrobial resistance.

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In Vitro, Controlling the Establishment of Xanthomonas Campestris with different Bacterial Bioagents

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v29i1.28433 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 37-40

Author(s):

Amna Ali ◽

M Saleem Haider ◽

Sobia Mushtaq ◽

Ibatsam Khokhar ◽

Irum Mukhtar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Diffusion Technique

The antimicrobial agents of bacteria isolated from different rhizosphere of fruits and vegetables soil in Lahore. Of ten species, five were gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhii, Brachybacterium faecium); other five were gram positive and identified as Bacillus farraginis, Kurthia gibsonii, Aureobacterium liquefaciens, Curtobacterium albidum, Micrococcus lylae. The antagonistic potential of bacterial strains was assessed by the well diffusion technique and results indicating varying degree of biocontrol activity against pathogenic strain of X. campestris. Out of ten bacterial species, E. coli (gram negative) and C. albidum (gram positive) showed a high prevalence of resistance with reduction of 4.2cm and 4.1cm zone diameter respectively. The minimum inhibitory volume (MIV) to two bio-agents was determined for X. campestris from range 10-100 ?L. E. coli (volume required to inhibit < 20 ?L) and C. albidum (volume required to inhibit < 40 ?L) exhibited good activity against pathogen. These results provide information on the prevalence of resistant bacterial strains with the MIV of organisms and indicate the possibility of using these bacterial species as bio-agent against X. campestris.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 1, June 2012, pp 37-40

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Genetic Characterization of a Novel Composite Transposon Carrying armA and aac(6)-Ib Genes in an Escherichia coli Isolate from Egypt

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.7835 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 163-169

Author(s):

Mona T. Kashef ◽

Omneya M. Helmy

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Coli Isolate ◽

Wide Range

Aminoglycosides are used in treating a wide range of infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, aminoglycoside resistance is common and occurs by several mechanisms. Among these mechanisms is bacterial rRNA methylation by the 16S rRNA methyl transferase (16S-RMTase) enzymes; but data about the spread of this mechanism in Egypt are scarce. Cephalosporins are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in Egypt; therefore, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of 16S-RMTase among third generation cephalosporin-resistant clinical isolates in Egypt. One hundred and twenty three cephalosporin resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates were screened for aminoglycosides resistance by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and tested for possible production of 16S-RMTase. PCR testing and sequencing were used to confirm the presence of 16S-RMTase and the associated antimicrobial resistance determinants, as well as the genetic region surrounding the armA gene. Out of 123 isolates, 66 (53.66%) were resistant to at least one aminoglycoside antibiotic. Only one Escherichia coli isolate (E9ECMO) which was totally resistant to all tested aminoglycosides, was confirmed to have the armA gene in association with blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14 and aac(6)-Ib genes. The armA gene was found to be carried on a large A/C plasmid. Genetic mapping of the armA surrounding region revealed, for the first time, the association of armA with aac(6)-Ib on the same transposon. In conclusion, the isolation frequency of 16S-RMTase was low among the tested aminoglycoside-resistant clinical samples. However, a novel composite transposon has been detected conferring high-level aminoglycosides resistance.

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SEARCH FOR ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS: QUINOXALINE AS A PROMISING TARGET

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.54.07.10919 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (07) ◽

pp. 5-9

Author(s):

R. G Ingle ◽

◽

S. J. Wadher

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Promising Target ◽

Quinoxaline Derivatives

A set of ten new 2,3-diphenyl-6-sulfonamido quinoxaline derivatives was synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion method. Test derivatives R3, R5, R’’1 and R’’2 show promising results against bacterial strains S. aureus gram positive and E. coli gram negative organism with the concentration 1000 μg/mL in disk diffusion method. Rest of the derivatives show sensitivity against the same organisms. All the synthesized derivatives were confirmed by their spectral data.

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Determination of antibiotic resistance sensitivity of Aeromonas sobria isolated from Green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus)

Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.3.07 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 265-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ayşe Gül Şahin ◽

Ahmet Turan San ◽

Selahattin Gürçay ◽

Serhat Murat Alkan

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Aeromonas Species ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Aeromonas Sobria ◽

Freshwater Bacteria ◽

Vitek 2

Motil Aeromonas species are responsible for the formation of significant hemorrhagic septicemia in freshwater fish. Aeromonas are characteristic freshwater bacteria. They are often found in the ecosystem due to their being mobile. It is pathogenic in water, in various water creatures and in humans. In this study, it was determined that the bacterial strains obtained from Green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus) were Gram-negative, rod-shaped. VITEK-2 compact system is used for identification. Species have been identified as Aeromonas sobria. Aeromonas isolates were evaluated by 12 different antimicrobial agents in antimicrobial activity against the disk diffusion method. While cefquinome was found to be the most effective in the tested antimicrobials, the lowest sensitivity was determined against trimethoprim / sulphamethoxazole.

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STUDY OF VARIOUS FIVE EXTRACTS OF TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI SEEDS ON SELECTED FOUR GRAM-NEGATIVE COOKED FOOD SPOILAGE BACTERIAL STRAINS BY DISK DIFFUSION METHOD

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3184 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (9SE) ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Usha Masih

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Cold Water ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Trachyspermum Ammi

Bacterial foodborne diseases are caused by consumption of foods contaminated with bacteria or their toxins. This study evaluated antibacterial properties of Trachyspermum ammi Acetone, ethanol, methanol, cold water and hard water extracts of spice (Ajowan) seeds against four gram negative strains of pathogenic foodborne bacteria, E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43888, ATCC 25922, ATCC 8739 and ATCC 43895 that cause infection and intoxication. E. coli ATCC 43888 was observed to be highly susceptible to all extracts of ajowan with absolute zones of inhibition in the range of 16mm – 23mm in diameter. This study demonstrated that spice extracts have antimicrobial activity against food-borne bacterial species and should be considered as potential antibacterial agents for addition to ready meals. The spice contain high amount of secondary metabolites due to these metabolites they have high antimicrobial activity and it can be used as good bio- preserver and it can also use for medicinal purpose.

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Inhibitory effects of different hand sanitizers against the resident microflora of skin

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20195300 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 355

Author(s):

Touhida Ishma ◽

H. M. Sayeed Uddin ◽

Anik Paul ◽

Farahnaaz Feroz ◽

Mrityunjoy Acharjee

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Culture Methods ◽

E Coli ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Conventional Culture ◽

Hospital Acquired

Background: Practice of hand washing is very important to eliminate the microbial contamination especially during the work in laboratories, hospital and even at home before taking food. Proper use of hand sanitizer can significantly reduce the rate of hospital acquired infection also.Methods: The current investigation was designated to identify different bacterial species from the upper skin of hands of the laboratory managements through conventional culture methods and the efficacy of the samples (Dettol, Purell and Savlon) against the isolated bacteria through agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Results: Different concentrations such as 25%, 50% and 100% of each of antimicrobial agents showed their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. those were isolated from the hand. 25% of Dettol exhibited 20 mm zone diameter against Klebsiellaspp. Whereas 25% of Purell and Savlon unveiled 15 mm and 22 mm zone of inhibition against E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. respectively. In case of 100% sample of Dettol, Purell and Savlon, the highest zone diameter was observed as 55 mm, 50 mm and 45 mm against Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and E. coli consecutively. The MIC of Dettol sample was 8 µl against Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. In case of Purell, the MIC was 128 µl against Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were inhibited at 4 µl samples.Conclusions: The in-vitro antibacterial activity of the hand sanitizers was so satisfactory against the isolated bacteria. This finding would be very helpful for the laboratory management in order to minimize the rate of contamination during the research and supervision of the different experiment.

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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 3-FORMYL INDOLE BASED SCHIFF BASES

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.32553/jbpr.v7i6.561 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Singh Gurvinder ◽

Singh Prabhsimran ◽

Dhawan R. K.

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Spectral Analysis ◽

Schiff Bases ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Fungal Strain ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli

In order to develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of 3-formyl indole based Schiff bases were synthesized by reacting 3-formyl indole(indole-3-carboxaldehyde) with substituted aniline taking ethanol as solvent. The reaction was carried in the presence of small amount of p-toluene sulphonic acid as catalyst.All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR spectral analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against two gram positive bacterial strains (B. subtilisand S. aureus) and two gram negative bacterial strains (P. aeruginosaand E. coli) and one fungal strain (C. albicans). All the synthesized compounds were found to have moderate to good antimicrobial activity. The standard drug amoxicillin, fluconazole were used for antimicrobial activity. Among the synthesized compounds, the maximum antimicrobial activity was shown by compounds GS04, GS07, GS08 and GS10.

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Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v11i.8693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽

Toshka Petrova ◽

Ignat Ignatov ◽

Stoil Karadzhov

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

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Screening Of Antibacterial Activity Of Nepeta Ciliaris Benth. Against Respiratory Tract Pathogens

Kathmandu University Journal of Science Engineering and Technology ◽

10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6049 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 100-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gautam Shiv Shankar ◽

M Navneet ◽

Kumar Sanjay ◽

M Prabhat

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Positive Control ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Antibacterial Potential

The aim of present study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of various extracts (petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and aqueous) of Nepeta ciliaris against selected respiratory tract pathogens. The extracts from the aerial parts of N. ciliaris at concentration of 200 mg/ml were screened against three gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 1144, Streptococcus pneumoniae MTCC 655 and Streptococcus pyogenes MTCC 442) and one gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2474) bacterial pathogens. The agar well diffusion method was adopted to examine antibacterial and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of most effective extracts against the susceptible bacteria. Erythromycin was used as positive control to determine the sensitivity of the strains. Out of the four bacterial species tested, S. pneumoniae was the most susceptible. The acetone extract exhibited maximum activity against all the tested microorganisms while methanol extract showed activity against P. aeruginosa. The MIC values ranged from 40 to 50 mg/ml for all the organisms. The N. ciliaris is potentially a good source of antimicrobial agents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6049 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 100-103

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