scholarly journals Discrimination of tobacco cultivars using SCAR and RAPD markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Jiuzhe Sun ◽  
Junting Wang ◽  
Dongying Su ◽  
Jinchu Yang ◽  
Erbin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Tobacco Cultivar ◽  
Identification Strategy

Tobacco genetic purity is crucial to maintain the quality of cigarette products in the tobacco industry. To reduce the difficulties in the discrimination of large number of tobacco cultivars in production practice, we developed a two-step identification strategy by using SCAR and RAPD markers. A total of 53 tobacco cultivars were examined in the study. Initially, all the selected cultivars were divided into four groups, each group consisted of seven to seventeen tobacco cultivars based on difference in phenotypes identified by the SCAR markers S4 and S8. Later, in each group, each tobacco cultivar was identified using RAPD fingerprinting by using one to four polymorphic primers, which were selected from 200 random primers. The results showed that all 53 tobacco cultivars could be effectively distinguished by using only two SCAR and seven RAPD markers. The two-step fingerprinting strategy could be used as a convenient and cost-effective tool to discriminate large numbers of tobacco cultivars for production planning in the tobacco industry.

Influence of mineral elements on the yield and quality of grain of the prospective line in winter tritikale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Voronchikhina ◽  
◽  
A.G. Marenkova ◽  
V. S. Rubets ◽  
V. V. Pylnev
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fertilizer System

The results of elements development of varietal agrotechnics of a new high-potential line 238h of winter triticale presented. It was identified that under the conditions of 2020 the most cost effective fertilizer system is an early spring application of NPK (S) (15-15-15 (10)) at a dose of 200kg/ha. The profitability level of this fertilizer was 88,9%.

Regulatory Issues in Pakistan Telecommunication

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Quershi
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Competitive Price ◽  
Modern Services ◽  
A Company ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure

Growth in telecom infrastructure and provision of modern telecom services to consumers at a cost based tariff helps growth of national economy. Modern telecoms serve as the engine of growth of national economy. Following the global trends of liberalisation and deregulation in telecoms monopolies which have thus far been providing inefficient communication at a greedily high tariffs are falling apart. Mergers in telecoms are not for increasing the size of the monopoly but to provide more efficient and cost effective services to the consumers. In Pakistan the erstwhile T&T department played a needful role at its time. Conversion of the department into a corporation and then into a company were steps necessary for following the global trends. Need now is to continue this trend further, eliminate the monopolistic approach by allowing more players in the field thus permitting the market forces to decide the provision of better quality of modern services at competitive price.

A Sample Preparation on Decapsulation Methodology for Effective Failure Analysis on Thin Small Leadless (TSLP) Flip Chip Package with Copper Pillar (CuP) Bump Interconnect Technology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwee Hoon Yen ◽  
Ng Kiong Kay
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Voltage Contrast ◽  
Interconnect Technology

Abstract Today, failure analysis involving flip chip [1] with copper pillar bump packaging technologies would be the major challenges faced by analysts. Most often, handling on the chips after destructive chemical decapsulation is extremely critical as there are several failure analysis steps to be continued such as chip level fault localization, chip micro probing for fault isolation, parallel lapping [2, 3, 4] and passive voltage contrast. Therefore, quality of sample preparation is critical. This paper discussed and demonstrated a quick, reliable and cost effective methodology to decapsulate the thin small leadless (TSLP) flip chip package with copper pillar (CuP) bump interconnect technology.

Quality Improvement of the DNA extracted by boiling method in Gram negative bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 5347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar B. Ahmed* ◽  
Anas S. Dablool
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Several methods of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction have been applied to extract bacterial DNA. The amount and the quality of the DNA obtained for each one of those methods are variable. The study aimed to evaluate bacterial DNA extraction using conventional boiling method followed by alcohol precipitation. DNA extraction from Gram negative bacilli was extracted and precipitated using boiling method with further precipitation by ethanol. The extraction procedure performed using the boiling method resulted in high DNA yields for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria in (199.7 and 285.7μg/ml, respectively) which was close to control method (229.3 and 440.3μg/ml). It was concluded that after alcohol precipitation boiling procedure was easy, cost-effective, and applicable for high-yield quality of DNA in Gram-negative bacteria.

Scoundrels or Stars? Theory and Evidence on the Quality of Workers in Online Labor Markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Farrell ◽  
Jonathan H. Grenier ◽  
Justin Leiby
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Online Labor Markets ◽  
Online Labor ◽  
Low Pay

ABSTRACT Online labor markets allow rapid recruitment of large numbers of workers for very low pay. Although online workers are often used as research participants, there is little evidence that they are motivated to make costly choices to forgo wealth or leisure that are often central to addressing accounting research questions. Thus, we investigate the validity of using online workers as a proxy for non-experts when accounting research designs use more demanding tasks than these workers typically complete. Three experiments examine the costly choices of online workers relative to student research participants. We find that online workers are at least as willing as students to make costly choices, even at significantly lower wages. We also find that online workers are sensitive to performance-based wages, which are just as effective in inducing high effort as high fixed wages. We discuss implications of our results for conducting accounting research with online workers. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

Animal Models and Alternatives in the Quality Control of Vaccines: Are In Vitro Methods or In Vivo Methods the Scientific Equivalent of the Emperor's New Clothes?

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Coenraad Hendriksen ◽  
Johan van der Gun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Vitro Test

In the quality control of vaccine batches, the potency testing of inactivated vaccines is one of the areas requiring very large numbers of animals, which usually suffer significant distress as a result of the experimental procedures employed. This article deals with the potency testing of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, two vaccines which are used extensively throughout the world. The relevance of the potency test prescribed by the European Pharmacopoeia monographs is questioned. The validity of the potency test as a model for the human response, the ability of the test to be standardised, and the relevance of the test in relation to the quality of the product are discussed. It is concluded that the potency test has only limited predictive value for the antitoxin responses to be expected in recipients of these toxoids. An alternative approach for estimating the potency of toxoid batches is discussed, in which a distinction is made between estimation of the immunogenic potency of the first few batches obtained from a seed lot and monitoring the consistency of the quality of subsequent batches. The use of animals is limited to the first few batches. Monitoring the consistency of the quality of subsequent batches is based on in vitro test methods. Factors which hamper the introduction and acceptance of the alternative approach are considered. Finally, proposals are made for replacement, reduction and/or refinement (the Three Rs) in the use of animals in the routine potency testing of toxoids.

scholarly journals The effect of silica desiccation under different storage conditions on filter-immobilized environmental DNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Allison ◽  
Jessica M. Round ◽  
Lauren C. Bergman ◽  
Ali Mirabzadeh ◽  
Heather Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Silica Bead ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Objective Silica gel beads have promise as a non-toxic, cost-effective, portable method for storing environmental DNA (eDNA) immobilized on filter membranes. Consequently, many ecological surveys are turning to silica bead filter desiccation rather than ethanol preservation. However, no systematic evaluation of silica bead storage conditions or duration past 1 week has been published. The present study evaluates the quality of filter-immobilized eDNA desiccated with silica gel under different storage conditions for over a year using targeted quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based assays. Results While the detection of relatively abundant eDNA target was stable over 15 months from either ethanol- or silica gel-preserved filters at − 20 and 4 °C, silica gel out-performed ethanol preservation at 23 °C by preventing a progressive decrease in eDNA sample quality. Silica gel filter desiccation preserved low abundance eDNA equally well up to 1 month regardless of storage temperature (18, 4, or − 20 °C). However only storage at − 20 °C prevented a noticeable decrease in detectability at 5 and 12 months. The results indicate that brief storage of eDNA filters with silica gel beads up to 1 month can be successfully accomplished at a range of temperatures. However, longer-term storage should be at − 20 °C to maximize sample integrity.

scholarly journals Active Surveillance of Small Renal Masses: A Systematic Review

Kidney Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Ellis ◽  
Edward Messing
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Small Renal Masses ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Delayed Intervention

Background: Our goal is to review current literature regarding active surveillance (AS) of small renal masses (SRMs) and identify trends in survival outcomes, factors that predict the need for further intervention, and quality of life (QOL). Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed and EMBASE and identified 194 articles. A narrative summary was performed in lieu of a meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity of selected studies. Results: Seventeen articles were chosen to be featured in this review. Growth rate (GR) was not an accurate predictor of malignancy, although it was the characteristic most commonly used to trigger delayed intervention (DI). The mean 5-year overall survival (OS) of all studies was 73.6% ±1.7% for AS groups. The combined cancer specific survival (CSS) for AS is 97.1% ±0.6% , compared to 98.6% ±0.4% for the primary intervention (PI) groups, (p = 0.038). Conclusions: Short and intermediate-term data demonstrate that AS with the option for DI is a management approach whose efficacy (in terms of CSS) approaches that of PI at 5 years, is cost effective, and prevents overtreatment, especially in patients with significant comorbidities.

scholarly journals Preserving the Activities of Daily Living Independence in Late Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 228-228
Author(s):  
Pao-feng Tsai ◽  
Thomas Jakobs ◽  
Reid Landes
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Activity Of Daily Living ◽  
Nursing Assistant ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Certified Nursing Assistant

Abstract Levels of Assistance (LoA) is an effective caregiving intervention for maintaining activity of daily living (ADL) independence. It is a structured, almost prescriptive, approach to encourage completing ADLs as independently as an elder’s capabilities permit. With appropriate prompts and assistance during dressing, elders can overcome disability, express retained competencies, and experience success. Simultaneously, caregivers learn to view their functions as maintaining the quality of life of able elders, and they receive reinforcement from elders who are more confident and happier. This study is a continuation of a previous project that created and tested a computer application training program for LoA in nursing homes. We refined the app to include grooming LoA and tested on 10 certified nursing assistant (CNA)/resident dyads at a local nursing home. The pilot results showed, although we did not see consistent improvement in CNA’s dressing LoA, we achieved 10% to 30% improvement in grooming LoA. This indicates that the dressing assistance training is able to transfer to grooming LoA. With only an average of one-hour app training, this improvement is cost effective as compared to training provided by care professionals. Future studies should consider incorporating a culture change strategy to improve CNAs’ intention for assisting elders. In addition, the training program should be offered in the initial hire to achieve maximum effect.

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