scholarly journals Distribution and attack behaviour of the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens, recently introduced to China

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gao ◽  
X. Wen ◽  
H. Guan ◽  
M. Knížek ◽  
J. Žďárek
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Dendroctonus Valens ◽  
Attack Trees ◽  
First Time

The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was found for the first time in China in Yangcheng and Xinshui counties, Shanxi province in 1998, and in Hebei province in 1999. The beetle mostly attacks the oil pine Pinus tabulaeformis Carriére. By 2003 the beetle was found in 85 counties of three provinces in north China and the area of infested pine forests covered more than 700,000 ha. The elevation above sea level of forests infested is more than 800 m. The beetles most frequently attack trees on hilltops and at the forest edge, fewer attacks occur in the centre of the stand. This correlates with the damage done to the trees by wind or man. Weak and dying trees are more vulnerable to attack than healthy ones. The most attractive breeding sites are fresh stumps. The population density of the beetles is higher in the forests on northern slopes than on southern slopes. Most of the bores in the trunk are less than 0.5 m above ground; the galleries are found also on roots.

Morphological and molecular characteristics of Bastiania sinensis sp. n., Tripyla aquatica Brzeski & Winiszewska-Ślipińska, 1993 and T. setifera Bütschli, 1873 (Nematoda: Triplonchida) from Shanxi Province, North China

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Mei Na Liu ◽  
Yu Mei Xu ◽  
Zeng Qi Zhao ◽  
Jian Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Using Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Respective Species

Summary This paper describes a new species of Bastiania, presents a new record and redescribes a known species of Tripyla. These nematodes are all in the order Triplonchida and were collected from Shanxi Province, North China. Bastiania sinensis sp. n. is characterised by having the female with a relatively slender body 1049-1295 μm long, dorsally arcuate after heat relaxation, with outer labial setae and cephalic setae in a single circle, an oval amphid, 7-8 laterodorsal cervical setae scattered in the pharyngeal region, orthometamenes and pseudocoelomocytes present, tail conoid with a mucron 1-2 μm long, two pairs of caudal setae present, a = 58.1-75.5, b = 4.0-4.6, c = 12.7-19.7, c′ = 4.1-7.8 and V = 61.1-67.7. Males were not found. Tripyla aquatica is recorded for the first time from China, and is redescribed. Tripyla setifera has been reported from China but without a detailed description – now provided. In addition, phylogenetic relationships among the species were analysed using data from the near full length small subunit (SSU) and D2-D3 segments of large subunit (LSU) of rRNA genes. Bastiania sinensis sp. n. is monophyletic with the Bastiania sequences available in GenBank, but is on an independent branch supporting its status as a separate species; T. aquatica and T. setifera are monophyletically clustered with known Tripyla species and grouped together with sequences from their respective species.

scholarly journals The Effects of Landscape Structure and Stand-Scale Factors on Dendroctonus Valens Damage Under Disturbance Conditions in North China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyi Zhan ◽  
Lixia Wang ◽  
Linfeng Yu ◽  
Lili Ren ◽  
Yizhou Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
North China ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Dendroctonus Valens ◽  
Scale Factors ◽  
Beetle Damage

Abstract Background In recent years, the red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens, RTB), an invasive pest species has spread northward along the distribution of pine forests, forming a potential threat to healthy pine forests in North China. Previous studies have shown that natural (e.g., fire) and human (e.g., felling) disturbances can significantly promote bark beetle damage. However, few studies have considered the effect of multi-scale factors on bark beetle damage under disturbance conditions. Here, we investigated RTB damage (entrance holes) in 98 forest stands with and without disturbance (fire or stolen felling) in the Heilihe National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia, which is considered to be in the early stage of RTB outbreak. We assessed the effects of forest landscape structure (forest proportion and host connectivity) and stand-scale characteristics on RTB damage under different disturbance conditions (presence or absence). In addition, we also explored the effects of fire and stolen felling disturbance on RTB damage and the significant differences between them. Result Disturbance (i.e., fire and stolen felling) could significantly promote the occurrence of RTB and there was no significant difference between the two types of disturbance. In the absence of disturbance, small stand-scale factors (i.e., aspect and canopy cover) played important roles in the prediction of RTB damage. In the presence of disturbance, forest proportion within a radius of 250 m was the main factor affecting RTB invasion. Higher forest coverage could reduce the migration of RTB from the surrounding environment to the disturbance area, thus reducing RTB damage. In addition, we observed a positive relationship between elevation and RTB invasion. Conclusion Landscape structure and stand-scale factors had different effects on RTB invasion under different disturbance conditions. This study not only provides new insights into understanding the roles played by multi-scale factors in RTB damage but also assists in the implementation of pest management programs.

scholarly journals A Giant Ostrich from the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Formation of North China, with a Review of the Fossil Ostriches of China

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Eric Buffetaut ◽  
Delphine Angst
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North China ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
The Crimea

A large incomplete ostrich femur from the Lower Pleistocene of North China, kept at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris), is described. It was found by Father Emile Licent in 1925 in the Nihewan Formation (dated at about 1.8 Ma) of Hebei Province. On the basis of the minimum circumference of the shaft, a mass of 300 kg, twice that of a modern ostrich, was obtained. The bone is remarkably robust, more so than the femur of the more recent, Late Pleistocene, Struthio anderssoni from China, and resembles in that regard Pachystruthio Kretzoi, 1954, a genus known from the Lower Pleistocene of Hungary, Georgia and the Crimea, to which the Nihewan specimen is referred, as Pachystruthio indet. This find testifies to the wide geographical distribution of very massive ostriches in the Early Pleistocene of Eurasia. The giant ostrich from Nihewan was contemporaneous with the early hominins who inhabited that region in the Early Pleistocene.

Association of exposure to ambient air pollution with ovarian reserve among women in Shanxi province of north China

2021 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 116868
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin Feng ◽  
Jinhong Luo ◽  
Xiaocheng Wang ◽  
Wolong Xie ◽  
Jiao Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
North China ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Shanxi Province

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality and Potential Human Health Risk Assessment for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes: A Case Study in the Semiarid Region of North China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Feifei Chen ◽  
Leihua Yao ◽  
Gang Mei ◽  
Yinsheng Shang ◽  
Fansheng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
North China ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Hydrochemical Types ◽  
Potential Human Health

Groundwater is a valuable water source for drinking and irrigation purposes in semiarid regions. Groundwater pollution may affect human health if it is not pretreated and provided for human use. This study investigated the hydrochemical characteristics driving groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes and potential human health risks in the Xinzhou Basin, Shanxi Province, North China. More specifically, we first investigated hydrochemical characteristics using a descriptive statistical analysis method. We then classified the hydrochemical types and analyzed the evolution mechanisms of groundwater using Piper and Gibbs diagrams. Finally, we appraised the groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using the entropy water quality index (EWQI). We assessed the associated human health risks for different age and sex groups through drinking intake and dermal contact pathways. Overall, we found that (1) Ca-HCO3 and Ca·Mg-HCO3 were the dominant hydrochemical types and were mainly governed by rock weathering and water–rock interactions. (2) Based on the EWQI classifications, 67.74% of the groundwater samples were classified as medium quality and acceptable for drinking purpose. According to the values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and soluble sodium percentage (%Na), 90.32% of the samples were suitable for irrigation, while the remaining samples were unfit for irrigation because of the high salinity in the groundwater. (3) Some contaminants in the groundwater, such as NO3−, NO2− and F−, exceeded the standard limits and may cause potential risks to human health. Our work presented in this paper could establish reasonable management strategies for sustainable groundwater quality protection to protect public health.

scholarly journals NH<sub>3</sub>-promoted hydrolysis of NO<sub>2</sub> induces explosive growth in HONO

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanyun Xu ◽  
Ye Kuang ◽  
Chunsheng Zhao ◽  
Jiangchuan Tao ◽  
Gang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract. The study of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO), which is the primary source of OH radicals, is crucial to atmospheric photochemistry and heterogeneous chemical processes. The heterogeneous NO2 chemistry under haze conditions was pointed out to be one of the missing sources of HONO on the North China Plain, producing sulfate and nitrate in the process. However, controversy exists between various proposed mechanisms, mainly debating on whether SO2 directly takes part in the HONO production process and what roles NH3 and the pH value play in it. In this paper, never before seen explosive HONO production (maximum rate: 16 ppb/hour) was reported and evidence was found for the first time in field measurements during fog episodes (usually with pH > 5) and haze episodes under high relative humidity (usually with pH 

Introduced predators and cavity-nesting seabirds: unexpected low level of interaction at breeding sites

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ruffino ◽  
K. Bourgeois ◽  
E. Vidal ◽  
J. Icard ◽  
F. Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Puffinus Yelkouan ◽  
First Time

The mechanisms by which introduced predators and long-lived seabirds interact and even coexist are still poorly known. Here, the interactions between the widely introduced black rat ( Rattus rattus (L., 1758)) and an endemic Mediterranean cavity-nesting seabird, the yelkouan shearwater ( Puffinus yelkouan (Acerbi, 1827)), were for the first time investigated for a set of 60 suitable breeding cavities throughout the entire breeding cycle of this seabird. Our results pointed out that rat visits to cavities were significantly higher when shearwaters had left the colony for their interbreeding exodus. Among the set of suitable breeding cavities, yelkouan shearwaters preferentially selected the deepest and the most winding cavities for breeding. Very few rat visits were recorded at the shearwater-occupied cavities and no predation event was recorded. These intriguing results reveal a low level of interaction between introduced black rats and yelkouan shearwaters, which may have facilitated their long-term coexistence for thousands of years on some Mediterranean islands.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variations of CO<sub>2</sub> mole fractions observed at Beijing, Xianghe and Xinglong in North China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Minqiang Zhou ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Bo Yao ◽  
Pengfei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
North China ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽  
Boundary Layer Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 mole fractions are observed at Beijing (BJ), Xianghe (XH), and Xinglong (XL) in North China using the Picarro G2301 Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy instruments. The measurement system is described comprehensively for the first time. The geo-distances among these three sites are within 200 km, but they have very different surrounding environments: BJ is inside the megacity; XH is in the suburban area; XL is in the countryside on a mountain. The mean and standard deviation of CO2 mole fractions at BJ, XH, and XL between October 2018 and September 2019 are 448.4 ± 12.8 ppm, 436.0 ± 9.2 ppm and 420.6 ± 8.2 ppm, respectively. The seasonal variations of CO2 at these three sites are similar, with a maximum in winter and a minimum in summer, which is dominated by the terrestrial ecosystem. However, the seasonal variations of CO2 at BJ and XH are more affected by human activities as compared to XL. By using CO2 at XL as the background, CO2 enhancements are observed simultaneously at BJ and XH. The diurnal variations of CO2 are driven by the boundary layer height, photosynthesis and human activities at BJ, XH and XL. Moreover, we address the impact of the wind on the CO2 mole fractions at BJ and XL. This study provides an insight into the spatial and temporal variations of CO2 mole fractions in North China.

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