scholarly journals Crop yields, boron availability and uptake in relation to phosphorus supply in a field experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 619-625
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
Pavel Čermák ◽  
Martin Káš ◽  
Kateřina Marková ◽  
Radek Vavera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
B Uptake

The boron (B) availability and uptake were studied in relation to different phosphorus rates applied into soils in a three-year field experiment (2015–2017). The experiment was carried out at the experimental station at Humpolec (Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, Czech Republic). Three rates of phosphorus (20-40-80 kg P/ha) were applied as triple superphosphate. The crop rotation was spring barley-winter oilseed rape-winter wheat. No systematic fertilization with B was used and the response of natural boron soil content to the different phosphorus supply was studied. The crop yields, B content in plants, B-uptake, and content of B (extracted by Mehlich 3 and NH<sub>4</sub> acetate methods) were determined. Spring barley and winter wheat B uptake was about one order of magnitude lower in comparison with oilseed rape. Significant differences in B content in soils, in crop tissues and B-uptake, were found mainly under higher phosphorus doses (40 and 80 kg P/ha). NH<sub>4</sub> acetate method showed better correlations between P and B contents in soils than Mehlich 3 method from the second experimental year. The P-fertilization may affect negatively the B-uptake by plants, particularly if the highly nutrient demanding crop is grown.

scholarly journals Boron content in soils under increasing magnesium and sulphur doses in a field experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 366-373
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
Pavel Čermák ◽  
Martin Káš ◽  
Radek Vavera ◽  
Miroslava Pechová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Second Year

The three-year field experiment (2015–2017) with graded doses of magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) was carried out at the Humpolec experimental station (49.5546239N, 15.3485489E; Czech Republic). The interactions between boron (B), Mg and S in the soil were studied. No boron was applied into soils. Contents of B, S and Mg in the soil were determined by the Mehlich 3 and NH<sub>4</sub> acetate methods. The crop rotation was: spring barley-oilseed rape-winter wheat. Three Kieserite doses (S and Mg fertiliser) were applied. Sulphur treatments were 10-20-40 kg S/ha to cereals and 20-40-80 kg S/ha to oilseed rape. The doses of Mg were: 13-26-52 kg Mg/ha to cereals and 26-52-104 kg Mg/ha to oilseed rape. A significant gradual decrease of B-Mehlich 3 was observed under Kieserite treatments during the experiment (from 1.24 mg B/kg in control in the 1<sup>st</sup> year to 0.92 mg B/kg in the 3<sup>rd</sup> year). On the contrary, B-NH<sub>4</sub> acetate contents in soils remained similar during 2015–2017 in control soils (0.33–0.39 mg B/kg) and significantly decreased under Kieserite treatments, namely by 55–57% in 2016 and by 43–48% in 2017. A significant decrease of B content in soils was noted since the second year of experiment after oilseed rape. The boron contents in soils were affected in several ways – by adsorption of B on magnesium oxides and other substances, exchange with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup> anions and possible leaching, and also by the uptake by grown crops, mainly oilseed rape.  

Performance of 13 crop simulation models and their ensemble for simulating four field crops in Central Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
M. Kostková ◽  
P. Hlavinka ◽  
E. Pohanková ◽  
K. C. Kersebaum ◽  
C. Nendel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract The main aim of the current study was to present the abilities of widely used crop models to simulate four different field crops (winter wheat, spring barley, silage maize and winter oilseed rape). The 13 models were tested under Central European conditions represented by three locations in the Czech Republic, selected using temperature and precipitation gradients for the target crops in this region. Based on observed crop phenology and yield from 1991 to 2010, performances of individual models and their ensemble were analyzed. Modelling of anthesis and maturity was generally best simulated by the ensemble median (EnsMED) compared to the ensemble mean and individual models. The yield was better simulated by the best models than estimated by an ensemble. Higher accuracy was achieved for spring crops, with the best results for silage maize, while the lowest accuracy was for winter oilseed rape according to the index of agreement (IA). Based on EnsMED, the root mean square errors (RMSEs) for yield was 1365 kg/ha for winter wheat, 1105 kg/ha for spring barley, 1861 kg/ha for silage maize and 969 kg/ha for winter oilseed rape. The AQUACROP and EPIC models performed best in terms of spread around the line of best fit (RMSE, IA). In some cases, the individual models failed. For crop rotation simulations, only models with reasonable accuracy (i.e. without failures) across all included crops within the target environment should be selected. Application crop models ensemble is one way to increase the accuracy of predictions, but lower variability of ensemble outputs was confirmed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Soil Compaction and Different Tillage Systems on the Bulk Density and Moisture Content of Soil and the Yields of Winter Oilseed Rape and Cereals

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Orzech ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Dariusz Załuski
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Rotation System

Progressive soil compaction is a disadvantage of intensive tillage. Compaction exerts a negative impact on the physical properties of soil and decreases crop performance. The adverse effects of soil compaction can be mitigated by replacing conventional tillage with simplified tillage techniques. Simplified tillage exerts a protective effect on soil, reduces production costs and preserves agricultural ecosystems. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of compaction and different tillage methods on the bulk density and moisture content of soil. The experimental factors were as follows: Soil compaction before sowing (non-compacted control treatment and experimental treatments where soil was compacted after the harvest of the preceding crop) and four different methods of seedbed preparation in a three-field rotation system (winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, spring barley). The influence of compaction on the bulk density and moisture content of soil varied across the rotated crops and their developmental stages. Soil compaction had no significant effect on the analyzed parameters in the cultivation of winter oilseed rape. In treatments sown with winter wheat, soil compaction resulted in significantly lower soil density and significantly higher soil moisture content. In plots sown with spring barley, soil compaction led to a significant increase in the values of both parameters. The average bulk density of soil after various tillage operations in the examined crop rotation system ranged from 1.49–1.69 g·m−3 (winter oilseed rape), 1.47–1.59 g·m−3 (winter wheat), 1.47–1.61 g·m−3 (spring barley). The bulk density and moisture content of soil were lowest after conventional tillage (control treatment) and higher after simplified tillage. Regardless of soil compaction, the greatest reduction in winter oilseed rape yields was noted in response to skimming, harrowing and the absence of pre-sowing plowing. Spring barley yields were higher in non-compacted treatments, whereas the reverse was observed in winter wheat. Chisel plowing and single plowing induced the greatest decrease in wheat yields relative to conventional tillage. Single plowing significantly decreased the grain yield of spring barley relative to the tillage system that involved skimming and fall plowing to a depth of 25.

scholarly journals Analysis of Changes in Soil Organic Carbon, Energy Consumption and Environmental Impact Using Bio-Products in the Production of Winter Wheat and Oilseed Rape

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8246
Author(s):  
Darius Juknevičius ◽  
Zita Kriaučiūnienė ◽  
Algirdas Jasinskas ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape

Agricultural management, environmentally friendly technologies, chemical, organic and bio-based substances used, as well as meteorological factors, have a significant impact on the fluctuations of soil organic carbon (SOC). The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of different biopreparations on the changes of SOC content and the winter wheat and winter oilseed rape yields by assessing the energy consumption efficiency and the environmental impacts. The experimental research was conducted from 2017 to 2019 in three different treatments, in two of which were used either a molasses and magnesium sulphate based-biopreparation (T1) or a bacteria-based biopreparation (T2), while treatment T3 was applied as a control where no biopreparations were used. The dynamics of SOC content were analyzed at two depths: 0–10 and 10–20 cm. For the analysis of energy efficiency indicators and environmental impacts, the greenhouse gas (GHG) and energy consumption conversion equivalents were used. A summary of the results showed that both types of biopreparations had a positive effect on the changes of SOC content, which was especially evident in the deeper layers at 10–20 cm depth, where, irrespective of the crop type, a more significant increase of the SOC content was observed every year of the experiment compared to the control treatment. Biopreparations had a significant effect in increasing the winter wheat and winter oilseed rape yield. The best energy efficiency ratio was observed in winter wheat (4.84) and winter oilseed rape (5.11) in treatment T1. The results of the environmental impact assessment showed that the lowest GHG emissions were recorded in the winter wheat production in treatment T1 at 108.7–149.1 kg CO2eq Mg−1, while the highest were observed in oilseed rape production in the control treatment T3 at 343.4 kg CO2eq Mg−1.

scholarly journals Productive and Environmental Consequences of Sixteen Years of Unbalanced Fertilization with Nitrogen and Phosphorus—Trials in Poland with Oilseed Rape, Wheat, Maize and Barley

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1747
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rutkowska ◽  
Piotr Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
The Baltic

Two factorial field experiments were carried out between 2003 and 2018 in the Experimental Stations in Eastern and Western Poland using four crop rotations with winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, maize and spring barley. The initial value of phosphorus (P) in Grabów soil was 69.8 mg P·kg−1 soil and in Baborówko soil it was 111.3 mg P·kg−1 soil (Egner-Riehm Double-Lactate DL). P fertilizer was added annually at 39 kg P·ha−1 under winter oilseed rape, 35 kg P·ha−1 under maize and 31 kg P·ha−1 under wheat and barley using superphosphate and nitrogen (N), which was added at five levels (30–250 kg N·ha−1) per year as ammonium nitrate in addition to controls with no added fertilizer. Through the several years of the experiment, P fertilizer had no effect on crop N use efficiency (NUE) nor crop productivity. There was significant soil P mining particularly in the high-N fertilizer trials causing a reduction in the content of available soil P by up to 35%. This work recommends that, based on soil P analysis, P fertilizer should not be added to high-P soils. This practice may continue uninterrupted for several years (16 in this case) until the excess soil P has been reduced. This mechanism of removal of “legacy” P from soil has major implications in reducing runoff P into the Baltic Sea drainage area and other water bodies.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Flooding on Survival of Leptosphaeria biglobosa ‘brassicae’ in Stubble of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) in Central China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1426-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Cai ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Mingde Wu ◽  
Daohong Jiang ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Central China ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape

Blackleg (Phoma stem canker) caused by Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa is an economically important disease on oilseed rape and many cruciferous vegetables. Oilseed rape–rice rotation is a routine cultivation practice in central China. This study was conducted to assess the effect of flooding on survival of L. biglobosa ‘brassicae’ in the stubble of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Basal stems with typical blackleg symptoms were collected and cut into small pieces (2 cm) that were either submerged in water at 16 and 20, 20 and 28, 28 and 33, and 33 and 40°C (12 and 12 h) or kept dry at room temperature (control). Moreover, in a field experiment, the stem pieces were placed on the soil surface in a rice field or in a cotton field and either flooded in water or not flooded, respectively. After 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, the stem pieces were sampled for retrieval of L. biglobosa ‘brassicae’ on V8-juice agar and for determination of dry weight. Selected L. biglobosa ‘brassicae’ isolates from the stem pieces were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results from the two experiments showed that, compared with the controls, flooding for 1 to 2 weeks substantially reduced recovery of L. biglobosa ‘brassicae’ and flooding for 4 weeks resulted in negligible recovery of L. biglobosa ‘brassicae’. All of the 99 selected isolates produced a 444-bp DNA fragment in the PCR, confirming that they belong to L. biglobosa ‘brassicae’. Results also indicated that flooding caused rapid decomposition of the stem pieces. After flooding for 8 weeks, the dry weight of the stem pieces was reduced by 28 to 42% in the laboratory experiment and by 26 to 36% in the field experiment. These results suggest that oilseed rape–rice rotation is probably an efficient way to reduce longevity of L. biglobosa ‘brassicae’ in stubble of winter oilseed rape in central China.

Availability to subsequent crops and leaching of nitrogen in 15N-labelled sugarbeet tops and oilseed rape residues

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Thomsen ◽  
B. T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Subsequent Crop

SUMMARYIn autumn 1991, sugarbeet tops (Beta vulgaris L.) and different components of oilseed rape residues (Brassica napus L.), both labelled with 15N, were incorporated into the soil under field conditions at Askov Experimental Station, Denmark, using stainless steel cylinders to contain the treatments. The availability of this labelled N to a subsequent crop was measured, using as test crops autumn-sown rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In spring 1992, cylinders with 15 N-residues received NH4NO3 and those without 15NH415NO3. In a parallel experiment, 15N-labelled beet tops were incorporated in lysimeters. A four-course rotation of sugarbeet, spring barley (undersown with perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L.), perennial ryegrass and winter wheat at two rates of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) or animal slurry was grown in these lysimeters. Leaching and the availability of beet top N to successive crops were followed for 2 years. The soil in the cylinders and lysimeters was a light sandy loam (˜ 10% clay).Of the 7·10 g N/m2 added in beet tops, 10–15% was harvested in two subsequent crops of barley and ryegrass and 13–19% was lost by nitrate leaching. Beet top N accounted for 3–7% of the total N offtake in 1992. In 1993 < 1·5% of the total N offtake in ryegrass was from the beet tops applied in 1991. Combining results from mineral fertilized treatments, it was found that 9% of the beet top N was removed in the first cereal crop, 9% was lost by nitrate leaching and 68% remained in the 0–20 cm soil layer (including roots), suggesting that the denitrification loss was < 15%.Incorporation of oilseed rape stubble (1·35 g N/m2), two rates of pods (6·25 and 18·75 g N/m2) or mixed residues (12·25 g N/m2) contributed 0·5, 2·3, 7·4 and 4·6%, respectively, to the total N harvested in the following crop of winter wheat. The percentage of the added labelled N taken up by the wheat ranged from 4·9 to 6·1%, with 60–79% remaining in the 0–20 cm layer after harvest.For beet tops it was calculated that 100 kg N/ha in residues incorporated in the autumn could replace 18 kg N/ha given in the following spring as mineral fertilizer. For oilseed residues, the corresponding average value was 9 kg N/ha.In fertilized cropping systems, oilseed rape residues had minor effects on the subsequent crop, so that an uneven return of residues, as often occurs with combined crops, would do little harm. A considerable proportion of the N applied in sugarbeet tops was lost by leaching and the residual value of the sugarbeet tops to subsequent crops was low.

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