scholarly journals Effect of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on hormonal status and metabolic changes in neonatal lambs

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gao ◽  
Y.C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Restricted Group ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Neonatal Lambs

The study investigated the consequences of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on hormonal status and metabolic changes in neonatal lambs. Four ewes out of twenty-eight multiparous ewes mated at a synchronized oestrus were slaughtered at day 90 of pregnancy to collect fetal blood to serve as an initial comparison group. Twenty-four animals were divided into three groups and offered 0.18 MJ ME&middot;kg<sup>&ndash;0.75</sup>per day (restricted group 1, RG1), 0.33 MJ ME&middot;kg<sup>&ndash;0.75</sup>per day (restricted group 2, RG2), and control group (ad libitum CG) during late pregnancy, respectively. Immediately after parturition, blood was collected from the neonatal lambs in each group and analyzed for growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, insulin (INS), thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>), triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>), glucose (GLU), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and total amino acid (TAA), respectively. The results indicated that the maternal undernutrition during late gestation decreased the average lamb birth weight in both RG1 (P &lt; 0.01) and RG2 (P &lt; 0.05) compared to CG. During the late fetal development period, the concentrations of T4, INS, and IGF-I of neonatal lambs in CG were increased (P &lt; 0.05) compared to those at day 90 of pregnancy; the secretions of T<sub>4</sub>, INS, and IGF-I in RG1 and RG2 during restriction were suppressed. The neonatal INS concentrations in RG1 and RG2 were decreased (P &lt; 0.05), but the neonatal GH concentration in RG1 was greater than that of CG (P &lt; 0.05). The GLU concentrations of neonatal lambs in RG1 were lower than those of CG (P &lt; 0.05). However, the neonatal NEFA (P &lt; 0.05) and TAA (P &lt; 0.01) concentrations in RG1 were greater than those of CG. Thus, maternal undernutrition can change the hormonal and metabolic status of neonatal lambs, which may have significant implications on postnatal growth and adult health.

scholarly journals Maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy in sheep. Its relationship to maternal condition, gestation length, hepatic physiology and glucose metabolism

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary J. West
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Condition Score

There is a paucity of information on the metabolic effects of undernutrition of the ewe carrying multiple fetuses in late pregnancy. In the present study the effects of induction of ketosis from 132 d gestation in ewes carrying twin fetuses were compared with a control group. The ewes were well fed up to 132 d. Ketotic ewes showed a loss of condition score from 3·7 (SE 0·11) at 130 d gestation to 3·0 (SE 0·15) 10 d later after clinical recovery, compared with control twin-pregnant ewes (P < 0·01). The weight loss during the same time period was from 70·6 (SE 2·7) kg at 130 d to 64·2 (SE 2·7) kg at 140 d gestation. As expected, both groups lost weight and condition score in the first 28 d of lactation. Induction of ketosis caused a significant shortening of the gestation period to 142·8 (SE 0·7) d compared with 150 (SE 0·4) d in normal twin-pregnant ewes (P < 0·001). Ewes with induced ketosis recovered clinically and showed a normal feed intake by 3·4 (SE 0·07) d; three required treatment. Induction of ketosis resulted in reduction of hepatic uptake of bromosulphthalein (P < 0·01) and its biliary excretion (P < 0·05), metabolic clearance rate (P < 0·001), fractional clearance (P < 0·001) and 15 and 30 min retention compared with control twin-pregnant ewes. Most values had returned to normal by the first week of lactation. It is thought that in human pregnancy similar changes in bromosulphthalein clearance may be related to reduced binding sites for bromosulphthalein in the liver caused by increased circulating oestrogens. Induction of ketosis resulted in a significant hypoglycaemic (P < 0·01), ketotic (P < 0·001) state compared with well-fed twin-pregnant ewes. These changes could be correlated with the severity of the clinical signs, together with a significant rise in plasma urea (P < 0·001) and NH3 (P < 0·05) concentrations. Again, the return of most of these values to normal by the first week of lactation lends support to the reversibility of hepatic lesions caused by fatty infiltration of the liver. The seventy of this condition in naturally occurring cases suggests that factors other than undernutrition may be contributory, such as the general body condition of the ewe and glucose metabolism by the liver, including the conversion of propionate to glucose.

scholarly journals Effect of intrauterine growth restriction on weight and cellularity of gastrointestinal tract in postnatal lambs

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Xianzhi Hou ◽  
Yingchun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restricted Group

This study investigated the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during late pregnancy on weight and cellularity of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in postnatal lambs. Twenty-three Mongolian lambs were entered into the study. Their dams were mated at a synchronized estrus and divided into three groups offered 0.175 MJ ME kg-0.75 d-1 (Restricted Group 1, RG1), 0.33 MJ ME kg-0.75 d-1 (Restricted Group 2, RG2) and Control Group (CG, ad libitum access to feed) during their late pregnancy (90 d), respectively. The lambs were slaughtered at birth (neonatal lambs) and at 28 wk of age. The neonatal abomasum weight, jejunum weight and length, abomasum and jejunum DNA content, and the reticulum protein:DNA ratio were lower for RG1 than those of CG (P < 0.05). At 28 wk of age, there were no significant difference in the weights and lengths of jejunum and the weight of abomasum in the lambs among RG1, RG2 and CG (P > 0.05). However, the rumen and omasum weight, and omasum DNA content were lower for RG1 than for CG (P < 0.05). For the jejunum, the protein:DNA ratios in RG2 were significantly higher than those of CG (P < 0.05). These changes in the weight and cellularity of the GIT may have significant implications on postnatal growth and health. Key words: Intrauterine growth restriction, postnatal lambs, gastrointestinal tract, weight, cellularity

scholarly journals Blood Metabolic and Hematology Parameters and Survivorship in Mice after Application of the Rabies Challenge Virus Standard in Vaccine Potency Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Obradović ◽  
Branislava Belić ◽  
Marko Cincović ◽  
Dragana Vujin ◽  
Aleksandar Potkonjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids

Background: Rabies virus can cause intensive and lethal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in animals and humans. Metabolic examinations are conducted at the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and it has been found that many metabolic changes occur during RABV infection. However, although it is a neurotropic virus, it can cause damage to extraneural tissues - lungs, heart, kidneys and liver. This study aimed to determine differences in metabolic, endocrinology and hematologic parameters in blood of mice after application of rabies challenge with virus standard 27 strain (CVS-27).Materials, Methods & Results: This study included 30 survived, and 30 dead mice that were part of the standard procedure of NIH (National Institute of Health) test in Pasteur Institute in Novi Sad. Tests were performed in the following order: two groups of mice were vaccinated in a 7 day period with different dilutions of standard vaccine and the examined vaccine. Seven days after the last vaccination, immunized animals and animals in the control group received test virus CVS-27. Blood samples were collected from a heart puncture. Differences in hematologic and biochemical parameters were determined by t-test. Due to a high number of blood parameters, we performed a joint analysis of multiple dependent variables. Higher pH value and higher concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), albumin, urea, creatinine, α-amylase, magnesium (Mg), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and lactate were noted in dead mice. Higher granulocytes and mean platelet volume (MPV) were noted in mice which died, but also reduced lymphocytes, erythrocytes, haemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets count. Higher values of insulin, cortisol and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance) were noted in the group of dead mice compared to the surviving one. Reduced QUICKI (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) value was noted in mice which died compared to the surviving group. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that components 1 and 2 explain 38.7 of variance and that these two compounds are enough for the distinction between the animals which dies and those that survived. It was found that the cortisol, insulin, HOMAIR, NEFA, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic acid, LDH and granulocyte could explain the variance of the first component, which highly correlated with the first principal component. Also, pH level, glucose, creatinine, albumin and BHB showed significant importance. A positive correlation was shown between those parameters.Discussion: Mice that died during NIH test after applying CVS-27 expressed more significant stress (higher cortisol level). Disturbances of energy metabolism were noted (more significant catabolism of lipids and insulin resistance), changes of protein metabolism caused by muscle load (urea, creatinine, AST and LDH) and general disturbances of acid-base status (higher pH) and dehydration (increased albumin) were also noted in mice that died. Values of hematologic parameters showed minor influence at total variability and are a bit correlated with metabolic changes. In factor analysis, component 1 was determined from numerous parameters. Correlations between component 1 and cortisol, HOMA-IR, lactates, insulin, AST and LDH were noted. It completely determines survived and dead animals after CVS-27 during NIH test. Disturbances in blood parameters showed an analogy with previous studies of CNS. Given parameters can be very useful in clinical-pathological analysis in RABV infection.

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

scholarly journals Metabolic changes following transcatheter bariatric embolotherapy for weight loss in obesity: secondary outcomes from a prospective RCT

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fried ◽  
V.Y Reddy ◽  
P Neuzil ◽  
R Rosen ◽  
P Sramkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Private Company ◽  
C Peptide

Abstract Background/Introduction Obesity and its comorbid conditions (i.e. type II diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, hypertension, etc...) is a growing burden globally, however, the current treatments (i.e. bariatric surgery, intragasrtic balloons and/or pharmaceutical therapy) pose substantial risks or are contraindicated for various populations. Transcatheter bariatric embolotherapy of left gastric artery by reducing “hunger” hormones from the gastric fundus is a procedure for weight loss that has been growing in prominence over the last several years, however, to date no randomized-controlled trial has been conducted until our study. We studied TBE in a double-blind, sham procedure, first in human RCT of patients (pts) with obesity. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of TBE for weight loss in obese patients as well as to evaluate metabolic changes. Methods After IV propofol, eligible pts (age 21–60; BMI 35–50 kg/m2) were randomized 1:1 to Sham (skin nick & 1 hr wait) or TBE. All pts received Lifestyle Therapy (behavioral and diet education). Study staff following the pts were also blinded to treatment. Blood samples for gastrointestinal hormones were collected in EDTA tubes containing a protease inhibitor cocktail and frozen per local laboratory standards. All collected samples were assessed together in two batches at the end of the study. The hormones analyzed included ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, Visfatin, resistin, PAI-1 (total), Leptin, and C-Peptide. An Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and a diabetes assay was performed at baseline and at 6- and 12-months post-intervention. Note, while diabetes was an exclusion criterion for this study, pre-diabetes was not. Results 44 pts were enrolled, of which 40 pts were randomized equally to the groups, with no major complications in either group. TBE demonstrated superior weight loss over the control group at 6- and 12-months post-intervention in both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. At 6 and 12 months, the TBE group demonstrated a clinically meaningful decrease in glucose 1-hour post-fasting by OGTT. GIP levels in the TBE group increased at a mean of 21%, indicative of an improvement in pre-diabetic milieu. Circulating plasma visfatin levels decreased 20% at 6 months and 26% at 12 months in the TBE group indicating a decrease in body fat. C-Peptide levels were noticeably increased in the TBE group at 6 months possibly indicating improvements in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Conclusion(s) TBE is safe and results in clinically significant weight loss and demonstrated a positive effect on glucose homeostasis in pre-diabetic patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Endobar Solutions, LLC

scholarly journals The Effect of Administration of a Phytobiotic Containing Cinnamon Oil and Citric Acid on the Metabolism, Immunity, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Magdalena Krauze ◽  
Monika Cendrowska-Pinkosz ◽  
Paulius Matuseviĉius ◽  
Anna Stępniowska ◽  
Paweł Jurczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids

It was postulated that a phytobiotic preparation containing cinnamon oil and citric acid added to drinking water for chickens in a suitable amount and for a suitable time would beneficially modify the microbiota composition and morphology of the small intestine, thereby improving immunity and growth performance without inducing metabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to establish the dosage and time of administration of such a phytobiotic that would have the most beneficial effect on the intestinal histology and microbiota, production results, and immune and metabolic status of broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out on 980 one-day-old male chickens until the age of 42 days. The chickens were assigned to seven experimental groups of 140 birds each (seven replications of 20 individuals each). The control group (G-C) did not receive the phytobiotic. Groups CT-0.05, CT-0.1, and CT-0.25 received the phytobiotic in their drinking water in the amount of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mL/L, respectively, at days 1–42 of life (continuous application, CT). The birds in groups PT-0.05, PT-0.5, and PT-0.25 received the phytobiotic in the same amounts, but only at days 1–7, 15–21, and 29–35 of life (periodic application, PT). Selected antioxidant and biochemical parameters were determined in the blood of the chickens, as well as parameters of immune status and redox status. The morphology of the intestinal epithelium, composition of the microbiome, and production parameters of chickens receiving the phytobiotic in their drinking water were determined as well. The addition of a phytobiotic containing cinnamon oil and citric acid to the drinking water of broiler chickens at a suitable dosage and for a suitable time can beneficially modify the microbiome composition and morphometry of the small intestine (total number of fungi p < 0.001, total number of aerobic bacteria p < 0.001; and total number of coliform bacteria p < 0.001 was decreased) improving the immunity and growth performance of the chickens (there occurred a villi lengthening p = 0.002 and crypts deepening p = 0.003). Among the three tested dosages (0.05, 0.1, and 0.25 mL/L of water) of the preparation containing cinnamon oil, the dosage of 0.25 mL/L of water administered for 42 days proved to be most beneficial. Chickens receiving the phytobiotic in the amount of 0.25 mL/L had better growth performance, which was linked to the beneficial effect of the preparation on the microbiome of the small intestine, metabolism (the HDL level p = 0.017 was increased; and a decreased level of total cholesterol (TC) p = 0.018 and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) p = 0.007, LDL p = 0.041, as well as triacylglycerols (TAG) p = 0.014), and immune (the level of lysozyme p = 0.041 was increased, as well as the percentage of phagocytic cells p = 0.034, phagocytosis index p = 0.038, and Ig-A level p = 0.031) and antioxidant system (the level of LOOH p < 0.001, MDA p = 0.002, and the activity of Catalase (CAT) p < 0.001 were decreased, but the level of ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) p = 0.029, glutathione p = 0.045 and vitamin C p = 0.021 were increased).

scholarly journals Mammary Gland Structures Are Not Affected by an Increased Growth Rate of Yearling Ewes Post-Weaning but Are Associated with Growth Rates of Singletons

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Haslin ◽  
Rene A. Corner-Thomas ◽  
Paul R. Kenyon ◽  
Adrian J. Molenaar ◽  
Stephen T. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Heavy Group

The experiment aimed to examine the impacts of an increased growth rate of ewes between three and seven months of age on udder development using ultrasound and to establish whether ultrasonography could be used to identify ewe mammary structures that may be indirect indicators of singleton growth to weaning. Udder dimensions, depths of gland cistern (GC), parenchyma (PAR) and fat pad (FP) were measured in late pregnancy (P107), early lactation (L29), and at weaning (L100) in 59 single-bearing yearling ewes selected from two treatments. The ‘heavy’ group (n = 31) was preferentially fed prior to breeding achieving an average breeding live-weight of 47.9 ± 0.38 kg at seven months of age. The ‘control’ group (n = 28) had an average breeding live-weight of 44.9 ± 0.49 kg. Udder dimensions, GC, PAR and FP did not differ between treatments. Lamb growth to L100 was positively associated (p < 0.05) with PAR at P107 and GC at L29. There was no evidence of negative effects of the live-weight gain treatments on udder development of yearling ewes as measured by ultrasonography. The results suggest that this ultrasound method has the potential to identify pregnant yearling ewes which would wean heavier singletons.

Cellular Bioenergetic and Metabolic Changes in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gevezova ◽  
Danail Minchev ◽  
Iliana Pacheva ◽  
Yordan Sbirkov ◽  
Ralitsa Yordanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
And Gender

Background: Although Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is considered a heterogeneous neurological disease in childhood, a growing body of evidence associates it with mitochondrial dysfunction explaining the observed comorbidities. Introduction: The aim of this study is to identify variations in cellular bioenergetics and metabolism dependent on mitochondrial function in ASD patients and healthy controls using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We hypothesized that PBMCs may reveal the cellular pathology and provide evidence of bioenergetic and metabolic changes accompanying the disease. Method: PBMC from children with ASD and a control group of the same age and gender were isolated. All patients underwent an in-depth clinical evaluation. A well-characterized cohort of Bulgarian children was selected. Bioenergetic and metabolic studies of isolated PBMCs were performed with a Seahorse XFp analyzer. Result: Our data show that PBMCs from patients with ASD have increased respiratory reserve capacity (by 27.5%), increased maximal respiration (by 67%) and altered adaptive response to oxidative stress induced by DMNQ. In addition, we demonstrate а strong dependence on fatty acids and impaired ability to reprogram cell metabolism. The listed characteristics are not observed in the control group. These results can contribute to a better understanding of the underlying causes of ASD, which is crucial for selecting a successful treatment. Conclusion: The current study, for the first time, provides a functional analysis of cell bioenergetics and metabolic changes in a group of Bulgarian patients with ASD. It reveals physiological abnormalities that do not allow mitochondria to adapt and meet the increased energetic requirements of the cell. The link between mitochondria and ASD is not yet fully understood, but this may lead to the discovery of new approaches for nutrition and therapy.

Features hormonal status in pregnant women with benign cervical pathology in anamnesis

2017 ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Bysaha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Fetoplacental Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
Objective Study ◽  
Stimulation Of

The objective: study of hormonal status in pregnant women with benign cervical pathology (CP) in anamnesis. Patients and methods. Clinical and statistical analysis of the hormonal status of 100 women with a history of benign CP pathology has been performed. According to the revealed symptoms of CP during colposcopic examination, women were divided into two groups: 100 pregnant women, in whom colposcopic and cytologically signs of CP pathology were not detected, were included in the control group; and 100 women who had a pathology of CP, entered the main group. Results. The study examined hormonal relationships in the system mother–placenta–fetus, namely the level of hormones such as estriol, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin, placental lactogen. Hormonal changes in pregnant women and contribute to reducing the immunoreactivity unwanted stimulation of existing benign hyperplastic background processes in the cervix. Conclusion. Determining functional state placenta is an important factor in the timely diagnosis of disorders in the functioning of the system mother–placenta–fetus. Key words: hormonal status, placenta, uterine cervix, fetoplacental complex.

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