scholarly journals LAND FRAGMENTATION AND IT DETERMINANTS IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN IKENNE AGRICULTURAL ZONE, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Elijah Obayelu ◽  
Omotoso Oluseye Ogunmola ◽  
Kola Jeremiah Oyewole
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Land Fragmentation ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Smallholder Farm ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Average Annual Income

Land fragmentation is a major obstacle to agricultural development in Nigeria. The objective of this study is to examine land fragmentation and its determinants by smallholder farmers. In Nigeria through the use of Ikenne Agricultural zone of Ogun State. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 smallholder farmers in the study area. Descriptive statistics, Simpson index and Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression were used. The results of the Simpson’s Index showed that the average land fragmentation index was 0.38 which implies that smallholder farm lands are highly fragmented. Household average annual income (p<0.01), per capita arable land (p<0.01), size of land rented in and out by household (p<0.01), labour force of household (p<0.05), total available land area (p<0.05) and farming experience (P<0.01) were the significant factors affecting average plot size owned by farmers. Also, household average annual income (p<0.01), per capita arable land (p<0.05), size of land rented in and out by household (p<0.01), labour force of household (p<0.05) were the ones contributing to the number of plots cultivated by the farmers. Land consolidation, application of specific land protection policies to prevent agricultural land from being developed for non-agricultural purposes are recommended.  

scholarly journals Comparison and display on small-scale maps and diagrams of the territorial resources of the largest countries of the World and their major cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-157
Author(s):  
Olga Markova ◽  
Valentina Maslennikova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Area Efficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

The largest countries of the world are inevitably involved in various global processes, both natural and socio-economic. These countries have common features and characteristic differences in the state of their territorial resources; the study of these characteristics is of interest for the global prospects of sustainable development. A large territory provides a variety of natural conditions and resources for the country; however, not in all countries it is possible to effectively use them in the economy throughout the all country. An analysis of their territorial resources was carried out for the six largest countries of the world according to the following parameters: area, efficiency, environmental load on the territory of the country, number, density, forecast of population growth or decline for 2050, main agricultural land (arable land, pastures, the provision of the population, degradation and pollution of the soils), forest resources (including security per capita, share in the area of countries), fresh water resources (including per capita provision and availability), greenhouse gas emissions, including per capita, the proportion of mammals endangered, proportion of areas of preserved ecosystems. The data obtained was displayed on the maps; a common legend is built for them in tabular form. A number of other parameters of the state of territorial resources and the environment were also studied. In the process of research, the most important cities of these countries were also studied and diagrams showing their similarities and differences in a number of indicators were constructed: area, population and population density, time of foundation, climatic and landscape parameters, the presence of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, high-rise construction parameters. The developed methodology is effective for assessing a variety of data on territorial resources that can be used to build models of sustainable development of the largest countries and regions of the Earth.

scholarly journals Granger causality between cardiovascular diseases and some macroeconomic indicators: Azerbaijan case

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 247-263
Author(s):  
Madina Yuzbashova
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
Average Annual Income ◽  
Granger Test

Objective: Statistical assessment of the interdependence of CVD indicators on macroeconomic indicators on the example of Azerbaijan. Design: Research design is to test statistical hypotheses about the presence of direct and inverse causal relationships between CDV-indicators and macroeconomic indicators. Baseline and estimated data cover the period from 1991 to 2018 and are based on data from the SSCRA (2019) report. We use paired linear regression in which macroeconomic indicators are independent and CDV indicators are dependent variables. The stationarity of the time series was checked using the ADF test. To investigate the causal relationship between time series, the Granger test was used. Main Outcome Measures: p-level < 0.05; time lags are 1, 2 and 3 years. Results: Absence of direct and inverse causal relationship between CVD indicators and macroeconomic indicators GDP per capita, average annual income households per capita and average annual income households per capita. Conclusions: In the period from 1991 to 2018, the number of CDV deaths in Azerbaijan increased by 1.54. There is a steady increase in CDV diseases by 2.23 times. Despite GDP growth, there is no direct and inverse causal relationship between CVD indicators and macroeconomic indicators in the sense of the Granger test.

scholarly journals Edge Effect in Wetland-Arable Land Boundary Determines Nesting Success of Scarlet Rosefinches (Carpodacus Erythrinus) in the Czech Republic

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-371
Author(s):  
Tomas Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Carpodacus Erythrinus ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Although the effects of habitat edges on avian nesting success are well documented for forest ecosystems and for forest-interior species, there is almost no evidence for nonforest, agriculturally dominated landscapes, namely for the matrix of shrubby wetlands and agricultural land. In 1995–1998 I searched for and monitored nests of the Scarlet Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) in pristine patches of shrubby wet meadow to evaluate the generality of the “edge effect on nest predation” hypothesis. Predation was the major cause of nest failure, accounting for 92.3% of total nest losses. Microhabitat features of the nest sites were not related to proximity to agricultural edges. The model best describing variation in daily nest-survival rates (DSRs) included nest concealment and distance to agricultural edge. Nest survivorship for the entire nesting period was estimated at 41% (1,143 exposure days, n = 79 nests) for edge nests (<100 m from an edge) and 83% (1,831 exposure days, n = 96) for interior nests, respectively. The DSRs were also consistently higher in large than in small wetland patches. Using habitat-specific demographic parameters, I found that per-capita annual productivity was 66.3% higher in core areas than in edge areas (4.14 and 2.49 fledglings, respectively). Three key components of annual reproductive success—brood size, nest success, and renesting rate—contributed unevenly to variation in site-specific annual per-capita productivity, only the latter two being important predictors. The results indicate that edge habitats may not be perceived as suboptimal by breeding individuals, despite high rates of brood loss there.

scholarly journals Agriculture of the countries of the Western Balkans and European integrations

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Danilo Tomić ◽  
Miladin M. Ševarlić ◽  
Nataša Tandir
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Per Capita

The paper presents the results of research of agriculture of the countries of the Western Balkans in the period of 2002–2009. Specifically, general economic (GDP per capita, share of agriculture in GDP, inflation rate, and unemployment rate), resource (share of arable land in the total utilized agricultural land, of employees in agriculture in the total number of employees, and of rural population in the total population), and value indicators (value added of agriculture in % of GDP, value added of agriculture per employee in agriculture, producers’ prices of wheat, corn, and bovine milk, share of agriculture in the values of export and import) were compared.

scholarly journals Evaluation of China’s Circular Agriculture Performance and Analysis of the Driving Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Biao Li ◽  
Yunting Feng ◽  
Xiqiang Xia ◽  
Mengjie Feng
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Evaluation Indicator ◽  
Evaluation Indicator System ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

Along with industry upgrading and urbanization, the agricultural industry in China has been experiencing a stage of rapid development, on the bright side. On the other side, ecological environment deterioration and resource scarcity have become prevalent. Called by the current situation, circular agriculture arises as a direction for the industry to achieve sustainable development. This study develops an evaluation indicator system for circular agriculture using an entropy method, and evaluates factors that could drive the Chinese agricultural industry to achieve better performance. We employ the method using provincial data collected from the province of Henan, in which around 10% of the total grain in China is produced. It was found that agricultural technology and water resources per capita are positively related to circular performance in agriculture. In contrast, urbanization and arable land per capita are negatively related to circular performance. This article provides support to the government in policy-making related to the improvement of circular agricultural performance.

scholarly journals Toward a Dualistic Growth? Population Increase and Land-Use Change in Rome, Italy

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianchini ◽  
Gianluca Egidi ◽  
Ahmed Alhuseen ◽  
Adele Sateriano ◽  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Per Capita

The spatial mismatch between population growth and settlement expansion is at the base of current models of urban growth. Empirical evidence is increasingly required to inform planning measures promoting urban containment in the context of a stable (or declining) population. In these regards, per-capita indicators of land-use change can be adopted with the aim at evaluating long-term sustainability of urbanization processes. The present study assesses spatial variations in per-capita indicators of land-use change in Rome, Central Italy, at five years (1949, 1974, 1999, 2008, and 2016) with the final objective of quantifying the mismatch between urban expansion and population growth. Originally specialized in agricultural productions, Rome’s metropolitan area is a paradigmatic example of dispersed urban expansion in the Mediterranean basin. By considering multiple land-use dynamics, per-capita indicators of landscape change delineated three distinctive waves of growth corresponding with urbanization, suburbanization, and a more mixed stage with counter-urbanization and re-urbanization impulses. By reflecting different socioeconomic contexts on a local scale, urban fabric and forests were identified as the ‘winner’ classes, expanding homogeneously over time at the expense of cropland. Agricultural landscapes experienced a more heterogeneous trend with arable land and pastures declining systematically and more fragmented land classes (e.g., vineyards and olive groves) displaying stable (or slightly increasing) trends. The continuous reduction of per-capita surface area of cropland that’s supports a reduced production base, which is now insufficient to satisfy the rising demand for fresh food at the metropolitan scale, indicates the unsustainability of the current development in Rome and more generally in the whole Mediterranean basin, a region specialized traditionally in (proximity) agricultural productions.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Approaches to Regional Land-Use Capability Analysis for Agricultural Land-Planning

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Tara A. Ippolito ◽  
Jeffrey E. Herrick ◽  
Ekwe L. Dossa ◽  
Maman Garba ◽  
Mamadou Ouattara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Using Data

Smallholder agriculture is a major source of income and food for developing nations. With more frequent drought and increasing scarcity of arable land, more accurate land-use planning tools are needed to allocate land resources to support regional agricultural activity. To address this need, we created Land Capability Classification (LCC) system maps using data from two digital soil maps, which were compared with measurements from 1305 field sites in the Dosso region of Niger. Based on these, we developed 250 m gridded maps of LCC values across the region. Across the region, land is severely limited for agricultural use because of low available water-holding capacity (AWC) that limits dry season agricultural potential, especially without irrigation, and requires more frequent irrigation where supplemental water is available. If the AWC limitation is removed in the LCC algorithm (i.e., simulating the use of sufficient irrigation or a much higher and more evenly distributed rainfall), the dominant limitations become less severe and more spatially varied. Finally, we used additional soil fertility data from the field samples to illustrate the value of collecting contemporary data for dynamic soil properties that are critical for crop production, including soil organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ownership Data from Consolidated Land Threatened by Water Erosion in the Vlára Basin, Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pagáč Mokrá ◽  
Jakub Pagáč ◽  
Zlatica Muchová ◽  
František Petrovič
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Land Fragmentation ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Water erosion is a phenomenon that significantly damages agricultural land. The current land fragmentation in Slovakia and the complete ambiguity of who owns it leads to a lack of responsibility to care for the land in its current condition, which could affect its sustainability in the future. The reason so much soil has eroded is obvious when looking at current land management, with large fields, a lack of windbreaks between them, and no barriers to prevent soil runoff. Land consolidation might be the solution. This paper seeks to evaluate redistributed land and, based on modeling by the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method, to assess the degree of soil erosion risk. Ownership data provided information on how many owners and what amount of area to consider, while taking into account new conditions regarding water erosion. The results indicate that 2488 plots of 1607 owners which represent 12% of the model area are still endangered by water erosion, even after the completion of the land consolidation project. The results also presented a way of evaluating the territory and aims to trigger a discussion regarding an unambiguous definition of responsibility in the relationship between owner and user.

Degradation of agricultural land: Evidence from non-farm livelihood sites in Ogun state, Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
A. K. Aromolaran ◽  
C. I Alarima ◽  
W. A Salami ◽  
E. O. Fakoya ◽  
J. K. Adesodun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Analiza modului de utilizare a terenurilor în Regiunea de Dezvoltare Nord a Republicii Moldova

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iurie Bejan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Development Region ◽  
Agro Forestry

The land use has undergone some changes in the last 30 years, by reducing the areas with arable land, converting multi-annual plantations into other categories of land, etc. According to the current mode of land use, the Northern Development Region has a pronounced agricultural profile - 80.3% of the total area represents agricultural land. The spatial differentiations regarding the morphological and agro-climatic conditions allowed the identification within the region of areas with agro-forestry and agro-pastoral specializations.

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