scholarly journals Discourse of Historical Cognition: an Epistemological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol V (4) ◽  
pp. 85-115
Author(s):  
Natalia Kuznetsova

The purpose of this article is to consider the discourse of researchers actively working in the field of historical knowledge. In other words, the article examines the features of the verbalization of basic concepts and methodological attitudes of modern historical knowledge. Discourse analysis, in contrast to the traditional philosophical and methodological, allows you to penetrate into the microcosm of historical work, to observe the “historian at the workbench” outside the “spotlights” and other attributes of public demonstration. Discourse analysis is a specific section of historical epistemology. From the author's point of view, epistemology adheres to a descriptive attitude. It is intended to describe, not prescribe, as is the case with the methodology of science. The goal of the article is to trace and show the dynamics of the historical vocabulary in the hope of seeing emerging trends in the rethinking of the models of the historical process as a whole. Discourse analysis allows you to detail intellectual changes and see “point shifts” in patterns of thinking, which ultimately lead to “tectonic transformations” of the entire field of historical research. Science, according to the theory of P. Bourdieu, is a specific social game, and contains a competitive struggle within itself, in which the winner acquires the right to general recognition and authority, which consolidate the concepts he invented as legitimate. History is no exception here. The article focuses on such concepts that have gained legitimacy as “historical reconstruction”, “temporality”, “past”, “presentism”, “antiquarianism”, “narrative”, “contingent”. It is shown that words are the triggers of search thinking.

Author(s):  
Zuzana Kvetanová

The submitted study addresses the topic of the current state of the opinion journalism and its genres in the Slovak periodical press. The author draws attention to the question of classification of the opinion journalism of a rational and emotional type from the genre categorization point of view and, simultaneously, reflects on its application in the present journalistic practice. This brings a certain rate of confrontation between the defined theoretical premises and their subsequent practical (non-)implementation. The main objective of the study is to clarify the presence of genres of analytical and literary opinion journalism stated by media theory in the environment of the Slovak periodicals. Presentation of the basic terminological axis and the related explication of journalism genres included in the opinion journalism constitute the secondary objectives of the paper. For the purposes of achieving the set objectives, the author uses methods of logical analysis of text in combination with discourse analysis. Similarly, she predicts the evident presence of the phenomenon of hybridization in the Slovak journalistic practice.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Yéssica Elizabeth Barreto Macías ◽  
Colón Avellán Velásquez

El actual trabajo afronta una de las problemáticas más apremiantes de los actuales momentos como es el alto índice de dispendio de drogas en las Instituciones Educativas, que afectan considerablemente a la sociedad ecuatoriana. Su objetivo es analizar los lineamientos que permitan mejorar la orientación familiar, y desarrollar relaciones interpersonales apropiadas que fomenten la unión familiar, practicar principios, fomentar valores morales, y que los jóvenes aprendan a decir “no” ante una eventual propuesta de consumir compuestos prohibidos, que lo único que se consigue es materializarse en un estado no idóneo ante la comunidad, considerar que las consecuencias para la salud son devastadoras, personas que a temprana edad padecen de enfermedades que en muchas ocasiones son gravísimas, causando malestar no solamente propio sino a la familia. Puedo mencionar como aporte de este artículo; y en base a resultados establecidos que resulta primordial e importante mantener la asistencia de un profesional especializado en psicología, diálogos científicos y motivadores, conjuntamente con atención médica provocarán en la persona afectada la erradicación del consumo de drogas. Constan muchos factores que causan gran influencia negativa en las familias, partiendo de que actualmente el mundo vive la tendencia del consumismo lo que influye en sobremanera que exista menos dialogo en el hogar, la aparición de la tecnología es otra de las situaciones adversas. Los profesionales encargados de brindar orientación familiar deben considerar siempre, que el comportamiento del ser humano debe ser comprendido desde el punto de vista de su forma de pensar, solo así se desarrollara una cultura que permita a las familias tomar las decisiones acertadas al momento de formar a sus hijos, lo que en un futuro se evidenciará como seres útiles a la sociedad. PALABRAS CLAVE: Consumo de drogas; orientación familiar; valores morales.  FAMILY COUNSELING, FOR THE PREVENTION OF DRUG USE IN THIRDYEAR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS  ABSTRACT  The current work addresses one of the most pressing issues of current times such as the high rate of drug use in educational institutions, which greatly affect Ecuadorian society. Its objective is to analyze the guidelines for improving family orientation, and develop appropriate interpersonal relationships that promote family unity, value the principles, and that young people learn to say "no" to a possible proposal to use prohibited drugs, that the only thing that is achieved is to materialize in an unsuitable state before the community, to consider that the consequences for health are devastating, people who at an early age suffer from diseases that in many occasions are very serious, causing discomfort not only their own but also the family. I can mention as contribution of this article; and based on established results that it is essential and important to maintain the assistance of a professional specialized in psychology, scientific and motivational dialogues, together with medical care, will cause the affected person to eradicate drug use. There are many factors that cause great negative influence on families, based on the fact that the world currently lives the trend of consumerism which greatly influences that there is less dialogue at home, the emergence of technology is another of the adverse situations. The professionals responsible for providing family counseling should always consider that the behavior of the human being should be understood from the point of view of their way of thinking, only in this way will a culture be developed that allows families to make the right decisions when forming to their children, which in the future will be evident as useful beings to society. KEYWORDS: drug use; family orientation; moral values.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 708-724
Author(s):  
ANDREA LAVAZZA ◽  
VITTORIO A. SIRONI

Abstract:The microbiome is proving to be increasingly important for human brain functioning. A series of recent studies have shown that the microbiome influences the central nervous system in various ways, and consequently acts on the psychological well-being of the individual by mediating, among others, the reactions of stress and anxiety. From a specifically neuroethical point of view, according to some scholars, the particular composition of the microbiome—qua microbial community—can have consequences on the traditional idea of human individuality. Another neuroethical aspect concerns the reception of this new knowledge in relation to clinical applications. In fact, attention to the balance of the microbiome—which includes eating behavior, the use of psychobiotics and, in the treatment of certain diseases, the use of fecal microbiota transplantation—may be limited or even prevented by a biased negative attitude. This attitude derives from a prejudice related to everything that has to do with the organic processing of food and, in general, with the human stomach and intestine: the latter have traditionally been regarded as low, dirty, contaminated and opposed to what belongs to the mind and the brain. This biased attitude can lead one to fail to adequately consider the new anthropological conceptions related to the microbiome, resulting in a state of health, both physical and psychological, inferior to what one might have by paying the right attention to the knowledge available today. Shifting from the ubiquitous high-low metaphor (which is synonymous with superior-inferior) to an inside-outside metaphor can thus be a neuroethical strategy to achieve a new and unbiased reception of the discoveries related to the microbiome.


2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Takano

Since the emergence of Kayne's (1994) stimulating proposal for an antisymmetric theory of phrase structure and linear order, much work has been devoted to arguing for or against his theory as well as discussing its empirical predictions. As a result, for a number of phenomena involving rightward positioning, such as rightward adjuncts, heavy NP shift, extraposition, postverbal subjects, and postverbal constituents in OV languages, there now exist both an approach consistent with Kayne's theory (the antisymmetric approach) and another not consistent with it (the symmetric approach). In such a situation, it is often difficult to show on empirical grounds that one approach is superior to the other (see Rochemont and Culicover 1997). In what follows, I describe this situation with respect to two well-known phenomena in English: rightward positioning of adjuncts and heavy NP shift. For each of these phenomena, the symmetric and antisymmetric approaches have been proposed, and both approaches can correctly account for the data discussed in previous studies. Here, I examine the approaches from a novel point of view, showing that data involving the licensing of negative polarity items allow us to differentiate them and to decide which is the right one for each of the two empirical domains. Interestingly, the relevant facts lead to different conclusions for the two phenomena. The results have important implications for the antisymmetric view of syntax.


Author(s):  
Michał Bartoszewicz

The article deals with standards of professional preparation of doctors in the scope of speaking and writing Polish. The thesis of the article is that this requirement is one of the elements of professional preparation which is not limited to knowledge but includes specific skills. Defining the threshold of minimum linguistic competence is a subtle matter. The study draws attention to the necessity of pragmatic approach to these requirements to the extent necessary to practice as a doctor or dentist. From the point of view of the doctor’s rights, a lot depends on the procedure of verifying the command of Polish language. Therefore, attention was paid to the jurisprudence of administrative courts in this area.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 01021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilgin Şenel ◽  
Mine Şenel ◽  
Gizem Aydemir

One of the most important function of human resources is personnel selection process. This process should be done professionally, in a short time and with minimum cost. After personnel selection process, performance of the hired person is very important for the permanence and success of the company. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to select a personnel among the candidates efficiently, with minimum cost and within a short time in one of the leading companies of Turkey in automotive sector. In order to select the right personnel all criterias which has great impact on blue collar worker selection was decided and these criterias are weighted. From the candidate pool of automotive company, appropriate candidates were selected by using TOPSIS AND ELECTRE method which are multi-criteria decision making methods


2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1005-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasulkhozha S. Sharafiddinov

The unity of the structure of matter fields with flavor symmetry laws involves that the left-handed neutrino in the field of emission can be converted into a right-handed one and vice versa. These transitions together with classical solutions of the Dirac equation testify in favor of the unidenticality of masses, energies, and momenta of neutrinos of the different components. If we recognize such a difference in masses, energies, and momenta, accepting its ideas about that the left-handed neutrino and the right-handed antineutrino refer to long-lived leptons, and the right-handed neutrino and the left-handed antineutrino are short-lived fermions, we would follow the mathematical logic of the Dirac equation in the presence of the flavor symmetrical mass, energy, and momentum matrices. From their point of view, nature itself separates Minkowski space into left and right spaces concerning a certain middle dynamical line. Thereby, it characterizes any Dirac particle both by left and by right space–time coordinates. It is not excluded therefore that whatever the main purposes each of earlier experiments about sterile neutrinos, namely, about right-handed short-lived neutrinos may serve as the source of facts confirming the existence of a mirror Minkowski space–time.


Author(s):  
Francisca María Ferrando García

<p><strong>Resumen</strong> El presente trabajo versa sobre las últimas medidas legislativas introducidas a fin de garantizar los derechos a la maternidad y a la conciliación de la vida familiar y la actividad profesional de las trabajadoras autónomas, desde las perspectivas del principio de igualdad y de la promoción del autoempleo femenino. A tal fin, se estudian las escasas referencias a la conciliación en materia de jornada contenidas en la LETA. Especial atención merecen las bonificaciones en la cotización relacionadas con el ejercicio de sus derechos en materia de maternidad y conciliación, reguladas en los arts. 30, 38 y 38 <em>bis</em> LETA. Asimismo, se trata sobre la posibilidad de contratación de personas asalariadas por los TRADE, introducida en el art. 11.2.a) ET. Finalmente, se analizan las garantías previstas en el art. 15 LETA frente a la facultad de la empresa cliente de resolver el contrato con el TRADE, aspecto este último en el que se observa un claro paralelismo con el régimen aplicable al trabajo por cuenta ajena, a la vez que ciertas carencias que pueden ser consideradas contrarias a la Constitución Española. Todo ello, a la luz de las novedades introducidas por la Ley 6/2017, de Reformas Urgentes del Trabajo Autónomo.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong> This paper studies the various mechanisms that the last legislative reforms have introduced in order to guarantee the right to motherhood and the reconciliation of family life and professional activity of self-employed women, both from the point of view of the principle of equality and from the perspective of the promotion of entrepreneurship and female self-employment. To this end, the paper reviews the few references to the conciliation in terms of working hours found in the LETA. Special attention deserve the Social Security contribution bonuses applicable to the hiring of employed persons by self-employed women to enable them to exercise their maternity and reconciliation rights, according to arts. 30, 38 and 38 <em>bis</em> LETA. Likewise, it deals with the possibility of hiring salaried persons by economically dependent workers, provided by. 11.2.a) ET. Finally, the guarantees introduced in art. 15 LETA as to the faculty of the client to resolve the contract with economically dependent workers, are analyzed, concluding the existence of a clear parallelism with the regime applicable to employment contract, while certain shortcomings that could be considered contrary to the Spanish Constitution. All this, in light of the reforms introduced by Act 6/2017, on Urgent Reforms of Autonomous Work.</p><p><strong>Key words </strong>Self-employed women motherhood, reconciliation of family life and the professional activity, Social Security contribution bonuses, female entrepreneurship, economically dependent workers<strong></strong></p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-425
Author(s):  
Luigi Vero Tarca
Keyword(s):  

Worldwide wisdom teaches, and philosophy demonstrates, that universally valid is only the perspective able to recognize everybody’s right to be treated in a just manner. From this point of view we have to recognize that all propositions are in some sense true, and hence that even those who are wrong are, from a particular point of view, right. Therefore, we have the duty to understand in which sense even populist stances are, at least in some sense, true. For instance, they can help us to keep in mind the limits of democracy and, in this way, to escape the dangerous “democratic superstition.”


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