scholarly journals UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM TEACHING

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ary Yanuarti ◽  
A. Sobandi

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya tingkat hasil belajar siswa. Model pembelajaran merupakan  salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa.  Artikel ini membahas hasil penelitian kuasi eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Quantum Teaching. Design penelitian ini menggunakan Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Quantum Teaching  lebih cocok dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam mempelajari Mata Pelajaran Korespondensi, kompetensi dasar mengidentifikasi prosedur pembuatan surat dinas. Dengan demikian, model pembelajaran Quantum Teaching dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif bagi para guru Mata Pelajaran Korespondensi dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Korespondensi.Kata Kunci : quantum teaching,  hasil belajar EFFORTS TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING THROUGH APPLICATION OF MODELS  OF QUANTUM LEARNING TEACHINGThe problems to be studied in this research was the lack of students’ learning outcomes. Learning model is one of the factors affecting students’ learning outcomes. This article discusses the results of quasi-experimental research aimed to find about the improvement of students’ learning outcomes through the implementation of Quantum Teaching learning model. The research employed nonequivalent control group design. The findings show that the Quantum Teaching learning model is more appropriate for improving students’ learning outcomes in the subject of Correspondence with the basic competence of identifying the procedures of writing official letters. Thus,Quantum Teaching learning model can be made one of the alternatives for teachers of Correspondence Subject in their efforts of improving students’ learning outcomes in this subject. Keywords: quantum teaching, learning outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nurrohmah Hadiyati ◽  
Arfilia Wijayanti

Abstrak Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah ditemukan kondisi-kondisi sebagai berikut, dalam pembelajaran IPA proses pembelajarannya masih menekankan konsep-konsep yang ada di buku, belum digunakannya media benda konkret dalam pembelajaran IPA, penyampaian materi belum memanfaatkan lingkungan sekitar sebagai proses pembelajaran, hasil belajar siswa yang masih di bawah Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM), belum menggunakan metode eksperimen dalam proses pembelajaran.Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan metode eksperimen berbantu media benda konkret terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas V SD Negeri Sendangmulyo 01 Semarang tahun ajaran 2016/ 2017.Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dalam bentuk Quasi Experimental Design tipe Nonequivalent Control Group Design dengan menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling yaitu sampling purposive. Berdasarkan perhitungan uji t satu pihak diperoleh thitung = 1,913 dan , karena  maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran yang dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen berbantu media benda konkret efektif terhadap hasil belajar IPA. Saran yang dapat penulis sampaikan hendaknya guru dapat menerapkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen berbantu media benda konkret. Abstract The background of this study was found to conditions as follows, in science teaching learning process still emphasizes the concepts in the book only, not the use of the media of concrete objects in science learning, not yet use of learning resources that are around the students, student learning outcomes are still below the minimum completeness criteria (KKM), have not used experimental methods in the learning process. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the experimental method to the concrete object of media-assisted learning outcomes fifth grade science students of SD Negeri 01 Semarang Sendangmulyo academic year 2016 / 2017. This research is an experiment in the form of Quasi-Experimental Design Control Group Design Nonequivalent type using techniques nonprobability sampling purposive sampling. Based on the calculation of the t test obtained t = 1.913 and T_ (1-?) = t _ ((0.95) (35)) = 1.67, because t_hitung = 1.913 ? t _ ((0.95) (35)) = 1.67 then H0 is rejected and Ha is received, it can be concluded that the study conducted by the experimental method of concrete objects effective media assisted on learning outcomes IPA. Suggestions to the authors convey the teacher should be able to apply the learning by using media-assisted experiments concrete objects.


Author(s):  
Gina Ayu ◽  
Yesi Gusmania

Abstrak.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Pengaruh model pembelajaran Tipe Team Assisted Individualization terhadap hasil belajar matematika, (2) Pengaruh model pembelajaran Konvensional terhadap hasil belajar matematika, (3) Perbedaan pengaruh model pembelajaran Tipe Team Assisted Individualization dengan model pembelajaran Konvensional terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperimental dengan desain Non-equivalent Posttest-Only Control Group Design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh Siswa Kelas XI SMK Widya 2 Batam tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 dengan jumlah 34 siswa. Teknik pengampilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik  Sampling Jenuh. Data diperoleh dengan instrumen yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah one sample t test dan independen sample test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: (1) Terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Team Assisted Individualization terhadap hasil belajar, hal ini terlihat dari () (3,0962,093) (2) Tidak terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Konvensional terhadap hasil belajar, hal ini terlihat dari () (1,844 2,160), (3) Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualzation denganmodel pembelajaran konvensionalterhadap hasil belajar Matematika( = 3,385 = 2,037)Kata Kunci :Team Assisted Individualization, Hasil Belajar. Abstract. This research intent to know: (1) influence of learning model of Team Assisted Individualization to mathematics learning result, (2) the influence of conventional learning model on mathrmatics learning autcomes, (3) differences in Team Assisted Individualization learning model with conventional learning model on mathrmatics learning autcomes. The type of this research was quasi experimental research with Non-equivalent Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The population in this research is all of students at eleventh grade students of SMK Widya 2 Batam in 2018/2019 academic year with two classes that total 34. The techniqeue of collecting sample used sampling jenuh. The data obtained used instrument test has tested validity and reliability. The data analysis used one simple t test and independent samles test. The finding results showed: (1) there are influence of Team Assisted Individualization learning model on learning outcomes, this is seen () (3,0962,093) (2) there is no conventional learning model on the learning outcomes, this is seen () (1,844 2,160) (3) there are differences in the influence of Team Assisted Individualization learning model with the conventional learning midel on mathematics learning outcomes ( = 3,385 = 2,037) Kata Kunci :Team Assisted Individualization, Learning Outcomes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Gatra Sukma Cipta Kharisma ◽  
Nani Imaniyati

This paper examines specifically about improving learning outcomes through learning models. As one of the learning models used the memorization model. The method used in this study is a quasi-experimental method, with the design of Nonequivalenty Control Group Design. Data collection techniques used observation sheets and objective tests, which were analyzed using normalized gain score calculations. Respondents are students in one of the Vocational Schools. The results of the study show that learning outcomes using the memorization learning model have a high effect on learning outcomes. Thus schools can implement memorization models to improve student learning outcomes.ABSTRAKTulisan ini mengkaji secara khusus tentang peningkatan hasil belajar melalui model pembelajaran. Sebagai salah satu model pembelajaran yang digunakan model memorization. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode quasi eksperimen, dengan desain Nonequivalenty Control Group Design. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan tes objektif, yang dianalisis menggunakan perhitungan skor gain ternormalisasi. Responden adalah siswa disalah satu jarusan SMK. Adapun hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran memorization berpengaruh tinggi terhadap hasil belajar. Dengan demikian sekolah dapat menerapkan model memorization untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.


At- Tarbawi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Maulida Sari

The learning model is one of the important aspects of teaching. The learning model can be determined and chosen by the teacher correctly so that it is appropriate and able to teach students. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of the inquiry learning method on the learning abilities of class VII students in the material description text. The research sample was 34 students of class VII SMP Negeri 3 Langsa City. The research method used is quasi-experimental. Research data were collected through test techniques. The research design used was a pretest-posttest control group design. Based on the application of the method, it was found that the use of the Inquiry Learning method could improve student learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the results of the t-test with the value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < (0.05). Inquiry learning classes have increased by 26%. Judging from the percentage, the inquiry class is better at improving the learning outcomes of class VII students of SMPN 3 Langsa City, especially in the description text material.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Sherina Surya Sahayu ◽  
I nyoman Jampel ◽  
I nyomn Laba jayanta

This study aims at determining the differences in learning outcomes between groups of students who received treatment of probing-prompting models with simple media assisted with groups of students who did not receive treatment of probing-prompting model with simple media assisted on science subjects. This study is quasi-experimental research using non-equivalent design post-test only control group design. The population of this study is the entire class III SDN in Gugus III Banjar District. The sample of this research is SDN 3 Dencarik which amounted to 20 people as experiment group and SDN 2 Dencarik which amounted to 25 people as control group. The methods of data collection are using the test method that was done through multiple choice instrument test of science learning outcomes. The hyphotesis analysis was done by using t-test asissted with SPSS 20. The results showed that there were differences of learning outcomes in the group of students who were given the treatment of probing-prompting model with simple media assisted with the group of students who were not given treatment of probing-prompting model with simple media-assisted learning in the science lessonThus, the probing-prompting learning model with simple media assisted affects the learning outcomes of Science subject on grade III students in Gugus III Banjar District, Buleleng Regency, Year 2017/2018. The suggestion of this research is that it can be used as a guide in further research about simple media assisted probing-prompting learning model especially on IPA.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Virna Anggraeni ◽  
Muharram Muharram ◽  
Alimin Alimin

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini adalah penelitian quasy experiment yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan ular tangga dalam  model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar kimia siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Masamba (materi pokok struktur atom dan tabel periodik unsur). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pretest-posttest control group design.. Sampel yang terpilih kelas X MIA 4 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X MIA 5 sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah siswa masing-masing 42 orang dan 43 orang. Kelas eksperimen diajar dengan permainan ular tangga dalam model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT sedangkan kelas kontrol diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan memberikan tes hasil belajar dan pengisian angket motivasi kepada siswa. Pengujian hipotesis yang dilakukan dengan uji nonparametrik dengan menggunakan uji mann-withney menghasilkan Zhitung  Ztabel =4,426  > 1,64 untuk motivasi belajar sedangkan hasil belajar menghasilkan Zhitung  Ztabel = 1,661 > 1,64 sehingga disimpulkan permainan ular tangga dalam model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar kimia siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Masamba.Kata Kunci:  Ular Tangga, TGT, Motivasi, Hasil belajar  ABSTRACTThis study is a quasi experimental study that aims to determine the effect of snakes and ladders game in cooperative learning model type TGT to motivation and learning outcomes of students class X SMA Negeri 1 Masamba (atomic structure and periodic table of elements subject matter).  Research desain is pretest-posttest control group design. Samples were selected class X MIA 4 as an experimental class and class X MIA 5 as class control the number of students are 42 and 43 peoples. Experimental class taught by a game of snakes and ladders in cooperative learning model TGT and the control class was taught just by cooperative learning model TGT. Data collection techniques provide the achievment test and learning questionnaires to measure students motivation. The results of pre-requisite test of inferential statistical analysis shown the data were not normally distributed and not homogeneous. So, hypothesis testing is done by using a nonparametric test Mann-Whitney shown Zhitung> Ztabel = 4,426> 1,64 for the learning motivation to and learning outcomes shown Zhitung> Ztabel = 1,661> 1,64. It concluded  the game of snakes and ladders in cooperative learning model TGT positive effect on motivation and learning outcomes of students class X SMA Negeri 1 Masamba.Keywords: Snakes Ladders, TGT, Motivation, Learning Outcomes


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Sahabuddin Sahabuddin ◽  
Muhammad Yunus ◽  
Muhammad Nur

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan membandingkan penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif team quiz dan TGT pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas IV di SD Negeri Lakkang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental nonequivalent control group design. Teknik penentuan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Uji validitas butir soal berdasarkan penilaian para ahli (judgement expert) dan uji reliabilitas Cronbach Alpha. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji keefektifan, uji perbandingan keefektifan model pembelajaran, dan uji keunggulan dengan menggunakan pengolahan SPSS versi 25.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif team quiz lebih tinggi dibanding dengan peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif TGT. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil uji setelah perlakuan posttest dengan uji Manova. Data setelah perlakuan posttest dengan uji Manova menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansinya lebih kecil alfa (0,05) yaitu sebesar 0,001 sehingga H0 ditolak. Maka dari itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kemampuan kedua kelas terhadap motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar peserta didik setelah diberikan perlakuan. Dengan demikian, peserta didik yang menggunakan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif team quiz memiliki rata-rata nilai posttest lebih tinggi yaitu 85,35 dibanding peserta didik yang menggunakan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif TGT yang mempunyai jumlah rata-rata nilai posttest sebanyak 80,05. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the differences in students' motivation and learning outcomes by comparing the use of the team quiz and TGT cooperative learning models in social studies subjects for class IV at SD Negeri Lakkang. The method used in this study was a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. The validity tes of the items based on the assessment of experts (expert judgment) and Cronbach Alpha reliability test. The analytical techniques of data used in this study include normality test, homogeneity test, effectiveness test, comparative test of the effectiveness of learning models, and superiority test using SPSS version 25.0 processing. The results showed that the motivation and learning outcomes of students who used the team quiz cooperative learning model were higher than those of students who used the TGT cooperative learning model. This is indicated by the test results after posttest treatment with the Manova test. The data after posttest treatment with the Manova test showed that the significance value was smaller than alfa (0.05), which was 0.001 so that H0 was rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average ability between the two classes on learning motivation and student learning outcomes after the treatment was given. Thus, students who use the application of the team quiz cooperative learning model have a higher average posttest score of 85.35 than students who use the application of the TGT cooperative learning model who have an average posttest score of 80.05.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Hani Wardah Latipah ◽  
Adman Adman

The Problem in this research is about the low of student learning outcomes of learners on the basic competence to identifying facilities and office environment in class X of Office Administration Program in SMK Negeri 3 Bandung. It was shown from the daily test score that are still under Minimum Mastery Criteria.The objective of this research is to measure students learning outcomes, using Mind Mapping model and Numbered Head Together (NHT) model so that it can be known which learning model improves learners' learning outcomes. It can be seen by the improvement of learning outcomes after the treatment which is analyzed based on N-Gain.The method used in this research is quasi experimental method and used the Nonequivalent Control Group Design.. The research subject were grade X of Office Administration program namely X Office Administration 1 as the experimental class and X Office Administration 4 as the control class.The results shows that the learners' learning outcomes are equivalent. The evidence is from the N-Gain results in the experimental class of 0.646 and the control class of 0.582 in the medium category. Based on normalized N-Gain and hypothesis test using different test (t-Test) proven that tcount < ttable is 1.236251286 <1.666293697. Hence, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference between using Mind Mapping learning model with the model of learning Numbered Head Together (NHT).Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnnya hasil belajar peserta didik pada kompetensi dasar mengidentifikasikan fasilitas dan lingkungan kantor di kelas X program keahlian Administrasi Perkantoran SMKN 3 Bandung yang terlihat dari nilai ulangan harian yang masih dibawah KKM.Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur hasil belajar peserta didik, dengan menggunakan model Mind Mapping dan model Numbered Head Together (NHT) sehingga dapat diketahui manakah model pembelajaran yang meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Hal ini dilihat dari peningkatan hasil pembelajaran setelah dilakukan treatment yang dianalisis berdasarkan N-Gain.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu kelas XAP1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XAP4 sebagai kelas kontrol.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar peserta didik setara. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil N-Gain pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 0.646 dan pada kelas kontrol sebesar 0.582 yang berada pada kategori sedang. Berdasarkan N-Gain ternormalisasi dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji beda (t-Test) yang terbukti bahwa thitung < ttabel yaitu 1.236251286 < 1.666293697. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Mind Mapping dengan model pembelajaran Numbered Head Together (NHT). 


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Rahma Diani ◽  
Yuberti Yuberti ◽  
Shella Syafitri

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect size scramble learning model with video media on Physics students learning outcomes of class X MAN 1 Pesisir Barat on the measurement material. The research method used was a quasi experimental design with nonequivalent control group design. The survey results revealed that the normality test of the experimental class Lcount = 0.161052 and class control while Lcount = 0.149135 Ltable = 0.1726. Terms of normality test L count <L table then normally distributed data. To test the homogeneity of Fcount<Ftable = 1.166 <1.96 then the data homogeneous. Test hypotheses obtained tcount> t table = 6.4> 1.708 means that there are significant scramble learning model with video media to the learning outcomes of students subject matter physics measurements in class X MAN 1 Pesisir Barat. Furthermore, the effect size obtained results of 0.8. These results indicate that the learning model Scramble with video media can influence the outcome of physics students learn as much as 79%.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui effect size model pembelajaran scramble dengan media video terhadap hasil belajar Fisika peserta didik kelas X MAN 1 pesisir barat pada materi pengukuran. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan adalah quasi eksperimental dengan desain nonequivalent control group design. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa uji normalitas pada kelas eksperimen Lhitung=0,161052dan kelas kontrol Lhitung=0.149135 sedangkan Ltabel= 0,1726. Syarat uji normalitas Lhitung< Ltabel maka data terdistribusi normal. Untuk uji homogenitas, Fhitung < Ftabel = 1,166< 1,96 makadata homogen. Uji hipotesis didapatkan thitung > t tabel   = 6,4 >1,708 artinya, terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran scramble dengan media video terhadap hasil belajar Fisika peserta didik materi pokok pengukuran di kelas X MAN 1 Pesisir Barat. Selanjutnya, diperoleh hasil uji effect size sebesar 0,8. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Scramble dengan media video dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar fisika peserta didik sebanyak 79%. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Ria Aprilia ◽  
Nirwana Nirwana ◽  
M. Lutfi Firdaus

ABSTRACT[Implementation PBL model in electromagnetic wave material from analysis result of meat contaminant with spectroscopy method]. The aims at this study was to explain differences in learning outcomes between students who study with Problem Based Learning Learning Model (PBL) with students who study conventionally on Electromagnetic Waves material. This method of educational research used quasi experimental research methods. The design of this research is pretest-posttest control group design. Population in this research is all class X SMA Negeri 9 Lubuklinggau, which consists of 4 classes and selected as sample is class X.1 as experiment class and X.2 as control class. Technique of collecting data used is test. The hypothesis of this study is that there are differences in learning outcomes between students learning to use Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model with students who study conventionally in Physics learning at SMA Negeri 9 Lubuklinggau. Differences can be seen from the results of the mean values of the control and experimental classes, the control class has an average grade value of 80.09 and the experimental class has an average value of 87.25. Based on result of analysis obtained from t test, that is tcount bigger than ttable with value 4,64 > 1,68 then H0 refused and Ha accepted. Thus the hypothesis proposed in this study accepted the truth. Keywords: Learning Outcomes; Problem Based Learning (PBL); Electromagnetic Waves; Spectroscopy. (Received February 20, 2018; Accepted July 15, 2019; Published October 8, 2019) AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang belajar dengan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan siswa yang belajar secara konvensional pada materi Gelombang Elektromagnetik. Metode penelitian pendidikan ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen semu. Desain penelitian ini adalah pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas X SMA Negeri 9 Lubuklinggau, yang terdiri dari 4 kelas dan yang terpilih sebagai sampel adalah kelas X.1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X.2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan siswa yang belajar secara konvensional pada pembelajaran Fisika di SMA Negeri 9 Lubuklinggau. Perbedaan dapat dilihat dari hasil nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol dan eksperiman, kelas kontrol memiliki nilai rata-rata kelas 80,09 dan kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai rata-rata 87,25. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang diperoleh dari uji t, yaitu thitung  lebih besar daripada ttabel dengan nilai 4,64 > 1,68 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dengan demikian hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini diterima kebenarannya.Kata kunci: Hasil Belajar; Problem Based Learning (PBL); Gelombang Elektromagnetik; Spektroskopi.


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