scholarly journals Environmental Aspects of the new wave of raw materials industrialization in Asian Russia

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 998-1007
Author(s):  
Vadim M. Gilmundinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The State ◽  
Intensive Exploitation ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Long Term Impact

The paper examines the problems of assessing the long-term impact of intensive exploitation of natural resources on the environment of a large region. Data for empirical study obtained from information of Rosstat and Annual State Reports «On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation». The vast territory of Asian Russia was chosen as the object of research. The results indicate a significant increase in environmental problems at each stage of industrial development in this region. These problems are especially acute in connection with the entry of Asian Russia into the next wave of accelerated industrialization of raw materials, characterized, first of all, by a significant expansion of projects for the extraction and processing of solid minerals and hydrocarbons to new mostly undeveloped territories. This, taking into account the already accumulated environmental problems, makes additional requirements for the substantiation of plans to accelerate the socio-economic development of the region and the launch of new raw materials projects, bringing to the first place not only economic and strategic aspects, but also issues of environmental safety. This, in turn, requires not only constant monitoring of the state of the environment and protection activities of business entities, increasing the reliability and completeness of the results obtained on its basis, but also assessing the compliance of the existing institutional environment with the tasks of eliminating environmental problems accumulated in the region and reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment. At the same time, the results of the analysis of both current approaches to statistical observation in this area and environmental mechanisms indicate the presence of significant imperfections in them. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the institutional mechanisms for regulating environmental protection in order to increase the sustainability of the region’s development

scholarly journals Institutional Environment as a Determinant of Efficiency of Industrial Development of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
N. Grazhevska ◽  
А. Khodzhaian ◽  
A. Zavazhenko
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Industrial Enterprises

The authors proved that contrary to the global trends of development of science-intensive neo-industrial economy in Ukraine there is deindustrialization of the economy associated with outpacing growth of production and export of raw materials with a low level of technological processing and added value. The article examines the main factors of the deindustrialization of Ukraine’s economy, in particular, a significant degree of depreciation of fixed assets of industrial enterprises and production infrastructure, insufficient volume and unsatisfactory structure of capital investment to restore worn-out fixed capital, negative dynamics of foreign direct investment in the spheres of national economy such as innovations, etc. The authors also highlighted and analyzed the institutional factors influencing the industrial development of Ukraine, namely: the “presence” of the state in the economy, corruption and the shadow economy. The negative impact of the institutional environment on the innovative modernization of the national industrial sector was confirmed with the help of economic and mathematical modelling. The main directions of intensification of the state ‘s activity to overcome the institutional dysfunctions and traps formed during the period of market reform of the national economy are substantiated.

Environmental Problems and the State of Compliance with the Right to a Healthy Environment in a Mining Region of México

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mendezcarlo Silva ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Lizardi-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The State ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Mining Region ◽  
San Luis Potosi ◽  
The Right ◽  
San Luis Potosí

AbstractThe objective of this article is to review the environmental problems in Mexican state of San Luis Potosí (mining region) and the state of compliance with the right to a healthy environment. Our study helps to demonstrate complexity of the environmental impact in a broader context, if it is repeated in other mining regions of the non-developing world. The findings include heavy metals as lead and arsenic, in soil, with neurotoxic and carcinogenic properties. Impact on the biota as a whole, decrease of the biological activity and enzymatic inhibition. Heavy metals, including arsenic, mercury, cadmium and lead, as a product of the metallurgical and foundry industry were detected in children of the city of San Luis Potosí. Water contaminated with fluorine and arsenic, product of the extensive drilling of water wells and the transfer of contaminants from the mining and metallurgical industry. Air contaminated with heavy metals product of mining and metallurgy and hydrocarbons in urban and rural areas. Plastics as a global problem, but with the absence of local diagnosis, despite having one of the main pollution factors: industrial development. Hydrocarbons as pollution with very little diagnosis, beyond environmental emergencies. There is no evidence that the right to a healthy environment is fulfilled in the State of San Luis Potosí.

scholarly journals ELABORATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPLEMENTING ORGANIZATIONAL SOLUTIONS ON INNOVATIVE CLUSTERS DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Olexandra Farat ◽  
Marta Lyvdar
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Paradigm Development

The process of cluster paradigm development in Ukraine is characterized by the absence of a clear legal and regulatory framework that would enable the clusters to be identified in the overall set of business entities. It complicates the coordination of the interaction of participants in the cluster process, as well as processes related to the creation and development of other innovation-oriented business structures. Significant impact is the availability of the weak information support, the task of which is to establish business communications between the state and business, on issues of ensuring the maximum possible realization of the existing innovative potential, in particular, by commercializing progressive innovations. Therefore, the particular topicality gets the issue of building a structured institutional environment that determines the clear mechanisms for the development of the most innovative business structures in Ukraine. The purpose of the researches was to develop specific mechanisms for organizing synergistic interaction of all participants in the process of creation and development of clusters in Ukraine in the context of multilevel sectors of their functioning. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: the world tendencies of modern innovative development were investigated; the change of Ukraine’s positions during 2014–2017 in innovation rankings was considered; the state of development of innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine was analysed; a system of scenarios for the organization of technological solutions for the development of innovative clusters was proposed; the indicator of the evaluation of the cluster paradigm development in the regions for the purpose of determining the useful effect from its implementation was presented. Considered changes in Ukraine’s positions in 2010–2017 in innovation rankings and indicators of the provision of innovation development in Ukraine in 2010–2017 state the extremely low level of state interest in creating, internal commercializing, and promoting to the external market own innovative technologies, and in the development of the very innovative business, which, in turn, reflects on the ability of enterprises to develop their innovative potential. The proposed system of scenarios for the organization of technological solutions for the development of innovative clusters includes four possible technologies for the creation of clusters, which are united in two blocks: technologies in the sector of state entrepreneurship – the source of stimulation are state institutions and technologies in the sector of private entrepreneurship – the source of initial incentives are business entities themselves. Using the proposed indicator of the expediency of cluster paradigm development in the regions to determine the useful effect from its implementation (IRCD), it is possible to estimate the influence of clusters on the development of the economy in the region.

scholarly journals POLICY OF INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIALIZATION: THE CHALLENGES AND PRIORITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Kindzers'kyi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Role Of The State

Introduction. Overcoming the phenomena of de-industrialization and structural degradation of the Ukrainian economy should be based on the development and implementation of structural and industrial policies, given the need to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the country and the corresponding transition of the economy to the tracks of inclusive and sustainable industrial development. Purpose. To analyze the key challenges facing the Ukrainian industry and propose directions for shaping national policies for inclusive and sustainable industrialization. Results. Key indices of development of the Ukrainian industry in comparison with some industrially developed countries are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the inconsistency of industrial transformation processes in our country with the world trends and trends of inclusive and sustainable industrial development, defined by the Lima Declaration of UNIDO's, in particular in the context of the dynamics and structure of production and export, technological level, the need to improve labor productivity and income of the population, approximation to social inclusivity and fair distribution of national wealth, the transfer of production to environmental safety rails. The key defects of the state economic policy which led to negative tendencies are outlined. Attention is drawn to the actual refusal of the state from industrial policy, both in the "vertical" and "horizontal" variants of it, the replacement of structural policy by deregulation and orientation to the formal improvement of the country's positions in international ratings with further deterioration of the economic situation. The institutional distortions that led to the unfair distribution of the country's wealth and the emergence of domestic peculiarities of the short-terminism phenomenon in state and corporate decision-making are shown. The model and main directions of the policy of inclusive and sustainable industrialization are offered. It is based on the principle of dualistic combination of means of "vertical" and "horizontal" industrial policy, outlines priority directions of development of domestic industry, based on the possible specialization of the country and the existing threats and challenges. The key role of the state in this process is emphasized and the conclusion is made about the necessity of its transformation into a " developmental state", whose activity will be subordinate to the interest of the whole population of the country, and public property should be considered as an effective means for reviving production and creating the "total causality effect" of inclusive industrialization and achievement social justice.

scholarly journals Environmental problems of the agro-industrial complex: a lawyer’s view

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08035
Author(s):  
Svetlana Miroshnik ◽  
Olesya Nemykina ◽  
Ekaterina Bochkareva ◽  
Svetlana Kozhushko ◽  
Olga Solovyeva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Land Water

The relevance of the research topic is caused by the fact that the agro-industrial complex has a significant impact on the state of the environment. The agro-industrial complex is the most important element of the economic life of the absolute majority of countries. Its functioning is objectively necessary - enterprises that are part of the agro-industrial complex provide society with food and a number of important goods made from agricultural raw materials. The work of the agro-industrial complex also has the other side of the coin. Mechanization and automation of production lead to a quantitative and qualitative deterioration in the state of land, water and air resources. The purpose of the study is to highlight the environmental problems of the agro-industrial complex, to formulate proposals for their solution. The methodological basis of the study was scientifically grounded integrative legal thinking. The conclusion is made that the regulation of relations arising in the process of functioning of the agro-industrial complex is ensured through the application of social and technical norms. Environmental quality standards are of particular importance for solving environmental problems of the agro-industrial complex. They should be scientifically based and binding on all subjects of law.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL SECURITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE: CONTENT, COMPONENTS, THREATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Nataliia BAK
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
The State ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Financial Responsibility ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Budget Decentralization

Introduction. The process of fiscal decentralization contributes to the transformation of territorial communities and local authorities into full-fledged members of the system of financial inter-connections. Territorial communities have individual financial interests. The need to protect them is at the heart of creating a safe environment for the functioning of territorial communities. However, financial security of territorial communities as separate economic units is not given enough attention to Ukraine. Instead, a more general notion is explored which isfinancial security of the regions. Purpose– theoretical substantiation of author's view on the content and structural components of the financial security of territorial communities, its place in the system of financial security of territories and the state as well as systematization of main threats to the financial security of communities in the context of implementing the budget decentralization policy. Results. The definition of financial security of territorial communities is substantiated. It is based on the protection of the financial interests of territorial communities. The features of financial interests of territorial communities are derived. Components of financial security of territorial communities are characterized. These include budget, tax, debt and investment security. The main threats to the financial security of territorial communities are analyzed and systematized. They are a result of imperfect institutional environment for local self-governments and the integration of territorial communities as subjects of a single (national) economic system. Furthermore, the threats are connected to the peculiarities of the territorial economy, communal infrastructure, the level of public consciousness and financial responsibility of heads of local self-overnment bodies. Conclusions.The financial security of territorial communities should be investigated as a part of the financial security of regions. Achieving a desirable state in practice requires synergy with the financial security of households and business entities located on the territory concerned. It is also necessary to seek coordination of financial interests of various territorial ommunities and the state as a whole.Local governments and central authorities are responsible for creating a safe financial environment for the functioning of territorial communities during budget decentralization. It is necessary to improve the mechanism of inter-territorial redistribution of financial resources.The list of potential threats to the financial security of territorial communities should be identified in the process of strategic development of territories and the use the SWOT-analysis for this purpose.

scholarly journals Environmental risks of innovations in the management of motor transport systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Ganna Zhelnovach ◽  
Svitlana Koversun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Modern Development

In modern conditions, when the negative impact on the components of the environ-ment is constantly increasing, and global environmental problems are becoming more and more urgent, the issues of attracting environmental investments in energy and resource-intensive sectors of the economy are becoming more and more urgent. Among all the sources of destructive influence, one of the least studied are motor transport systems, which are a combination of highway and flow of motorvehicles that move along it. In the current conditions of the modern development of the state road network and the implementation of the "Big Construction" program, the problem of assessing the environmental risks of innovations in the management of motor transport systems becomes especially relevant and requires a solution in the context of ensuring the state's environmental safety. Goal. The goal of the work is to develop approaches to assessing the envi-ronmental risks of innovations in the management of motor transport systems to ensure an appropriate level of the state environmental safety. Methodology. The analytical methods to develop an organizational and economic mechanism for managing environmental risks of innovation in the functioning of the state's motor transport systems were used in the work. Re-sults. The main environmental problems of the functioning of motor transport systems are analyzed and priority ones are highlighted. The general foundations of environmental risk management of innovative activity are analyzed. The efficiency of the state motor transport systems management system is estimated. Measures to determine the environmental risks of innovation have been developed. The organizational and economic mechanism for managing the environmental risks of innovation in the functioning of the transport systems of Ukraine were proposed. Originality. The system of environmental risk man-agement of innovation has been further developed in the context of the eco-innovation process of develop-ment of motor transport systems, which will increase the level of environmental safety of the state. Practical value. The use of the proposed general organizational and economic mechanism for managing the environmental risks of innovation in the functioning of the state's motor transport systems will increase the efficiency of this process. The obtained result is the basis for the development and implementation of effective mechanisms for the ecoinvestment in the development of motor transport systems. In the long term, this will help to improve the state's ecoinvestment climate and indirectly increase the level of environmental safety.

scholarly journals Institutional Aspects of Stimulating Small Business

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Niiara B. Demiroglu
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Business Entities

The article emphasizes the need to consider the institutional environment of small businesses as the basis for ensuring the implementation of the state strategy for business development during the period of overcoming the consequences of the economic crisis that arose as a result of the spread of a new coronavirus infection. The comparative characteristic of the definitions “institutional environment” and “institutional environment of entrepreneurship” of domestic and foreign researchers is carried out. Conclusions are made about the need to study the interaction of elements of the institutional environment of entrepreneurship development in Russia. The stages of formation of the institutional environment of small business are summarized. The composition and structure of small business entities in recent years have been analyzed. The problems affecting the decrease in the level of the business climate are systematized. The institutions for supporting small businesses (the fund for support (development) of SMEs in the region, the SME corporation, Skolkovo, territories of advanced socio-economic development, special economic zones, industrial parks, etc.), which provide various types of support for entrepreneurs: subsidies, tax incentives, preferential lending, non-financial support, government guarantees. The role of the state as the initiator of the creation of various institutions that support the development of small business and implements programs for the strategic development of small and medium-sized businesses, stimulating the growth of investment potential, is emphasized. To conduct the research, the author used both theoretical and empirical methods.

Ways to internalize external effects in the modern russian economy

10.12737/1476 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Хадиуллина ◽  
G. Khadiullina ◽  
Хасанова ◽  
A. Khasanova ◽  
Галиакберова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Contract Negotiation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Productive Assets ◽  
Modern Russian

The author provides rationale for the theoretic and methodological approach to contents of institutions of external effects internalization in using the epistemological potential of neo-institutional concept. Based on the findings, the authors have developed practical advice on how to design internalization methods conducive to the steady progress of the Russian economy. Three types of methods for designing the institutional environment are proposed – for the State, for business entities and for households – given the conditions of counter-productive assets allocation (according to Pareto) and high transaction costs of complete contract negotiation and execution.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE CARTOGRAPHIC SUPPORT OF GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Marzhan Rakhymberdina ◽  
Dinara Nurmoldakyzy ◽  
Rustam Sagadiyev
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Geological Exploration ◽  
Current State ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Three Sheets ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Stable Source

The article is devoted to the current state of geological study of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the update of the State geological map of 1 : 200 000 scale according to the results of geological studies of the three sheets of M-44-XXVIII, XXIX, XXX. The article shows a detailed description of the updated territory, in order to update the data on mineral deposits, which should ensure the industrial development of Kazakhstan with a stable source of raw materials.

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