In Vitro Ovicidal and Larvicidal Activities and Ultrastructure of Ascaridia galli in Native Chickens Treated Using Betel Nut (Areca catechu) Extract

Abstract This study aimed to determine the vermicidal potency of the infusion of Buah Merah seeds, Rumput Kebar and betel nut peels against Ascaridia galli in chickens and body length of male and female A. galli. Dry test materials (5%, 10% and 15% for each concentration) were immersed in 100 ml of distilled water and incubated at 90 °C for 15 minutes. The solution was filtered using filter paper, and the filtrate was used in the treatment. Three active worms that obtained directly from chicken intestines were placed in 15 cm Petri dishes containing 25 ml of each treatment and control solution. Five replications were performed for each treatment. Observations were made 8 hours after treatment for paralysis and worm death. Measurements of the body length were made from the anterior end to the posterior end of the worm using a ruler. Observational data were processed using Anova, the significant difference was continued by the Tukey HSD test (P<0.05) with SPSS 16.0. Conclusion: all the materials used in this study have potential as anthelmintics against A. galli and the highest dose of rumput Kebar infusion is the best vermicidal. The body length of female A. galli is longer than of the male. Keywords: Betel nut peels; Buah merah seeds; Infusion; Rumput kebar; Vermicidal Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi vermisidal infusa biji Buah Merah, Rumput Kebar dan kulit buah Pinang terhadap Ascaridia galli pada ayam dan ukuran panjang tubuh A. galli jantan dan betina. Bahan uji kering (5%, 10% dan 15% untuk masing-masing konsentrasi) direndam dalam 100 ml aquadestillata dan diinkubasi pada suhu 90 °C selama 15 menit. Larutan disaring menggunakan kertas saring, dan filtratnya digunakan dalam perlakuan. Tiga cacing yang aktif bergerak yang diperoleh langsung dari usus ayam, ditempatkan dalam cawan Petri berukuran 15 cm yang berisi 25 ml masing-masing larutan perlakuan dan kontrol. Dilakukan lima ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Pengamatan dilakukan 8 jam setelah perlakuan terhadap paralisis dan kematian cacing. Pengukuran dilakukan dari ujung anterior ke ujung posterior cacing menggunakan penggaris. Data hasil pengamatan diolah menggunakan Anova, perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey HSD (P<0,05) dengan SPSS 16.0. Kesimpulan: seluruh bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini memiliki potensi sebagai anthelmintik terhadap A. galli dan dosis tertinggi infusa rumput Kebar merupakan vermisidal yang paling baik. Panjang tubuh A. galli betina lebih panjang dari pada jantan. Kata kunci: Biji buah merah; Infusa; Kulit buah pinang; Rumput kebar; Vermisidal

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Identification of Potential Plants Producing Tannin-protein Complex for a-amylase as Botanical Pesticide

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v29i1.189 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Asriyah Firdausi ◽

Tri Agus Siswoyo ◽

Soekadar Wiryadiputra

Keyword(s):

Protein Complex ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Betel Nut ◽

Botanical Pesticides ◽

Botanical Pesticide ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Gnetum Gnemon

Research on the development of botanical pesticides should be developed through new methods, such as by inhibiting the activity of digestive enzymes by secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to identify some of potential plants as a source of tannin-protein complexes to inhibitthe activity of - amylase. The study of identification of potential plants producing the active ingredient tannin-protein complex was divided into three stages, 1) identification of potential plants producing tannin, 2) isolation of tannin-protein complexes, and 3) in vitro test of tannin-protein complexes effect of the -amylase activity. Some of the observed plants were sidaguri leaf (Sida rhombifolia), melinjo leaf (Gnetum gnemon), gamal leaf (Gliricidia sepium),lamtoro leaf (Leucaena leucocephala) , betel nut (Areca catechu) , and crude gambier (Uncaria gambir) a s a source of tannins and melinjo seed was used asprotein source. Betel nut and melinjo seed were the best source of tannin-protein complex, tannin content 1.77 mg TAE/mL with antioxidant activity of 90%,the ability to inhibit the activity of -amylase by 95% with IC 50 values of 10 mg/mL.Key words: Tannin, protein, -amylase, botanical pesticides,Areca catechu, Gnetum gnemon.

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The Development of Ascaridia galli Infective Eggs by In Vitro Culture

Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v3i2.3104 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ummu Balqis ◽

Darmawi D ◽

Muhammad Hambal ◽

Risa Tiuria

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Culture ◽

Adult Female ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Slaughter House ◽

Native Chickens

The aim of this study was to determine the survival of embrionated eggs of Ascaridia galli. Adult female worms were obtained from lumen of intestine of native chickens in a slaughter house. Eggs obtained from the uteri of adult female worms were incubated in distilled water at room temperature for 20-31 days in order to develop A. galli infective eggs. The eggs were counted using stereomicroscope. The result showed that the amount of A. galli eggs were 1,045,478 and the amount of embrionated eggs were 935,300 (89.46%).Keywords: Ascaridia galli, embrionated eggs

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Pengaruh Infusa Biji Buah Pinang (Areca catechu) Terhadap Tingkat Kematian dan Morfometri Cacing Dewasa Ascaridia galli Secara In Vitro

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.43751 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 166

Author(s):

Wida Wahidah Mubarokah ◽

Kurniasih Kurniasih ◽

Wisnu Nurcahyo ◽

Joko Prastowo

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Saline Water ◽

The Body ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Body Width ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Crude Aqueous Extract

The study evaluates in vitro effects of Areca catechu crude aqueous extract as anthelmintics on Ascaridia galli adult mortality rate and morphometry. Naturally infected chickens were collected from slaughtered chickens at local slaughterhouses in Yogyakarta. Chicken’s intestines were carefully examined and transported to the Parasitological Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Ascaridia galli were collected from intestines (including duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and put into a petri dish containing 0.62% saline water. There were 60 A. galli in each concentration of Areca catechu crude aqueous extract. Investigation on mortality rate of adult worms at various concentration and observation as well as differences in A. galli morphometry and mortality rate were analyzed using analysis Anova. The figures of the parasites or the parts of the parasites were captured using camera Lucida and then they were measured using both micrometer and curvimeter. The morphology of the parasites was identified to find out their morphometric characteristics.The results of morphometric observation of the A. galli showed that there was a significant difference in the body width and the vulva length of the females and in the body width, the esophageal length and the esophageal width of the males.This research disclosed that Areca catechu crude aqueous extract significantly affected the mortality rate of adult A.galli at various concentration. This research observed that the best concentration to kill the adult worms was 25% Areca catechu crude aqueous extract.

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Daya Anthelmintik Infusa Biji Buah Pinang (Areca catechu) Terhadap Cacing Ascaridia galli Secara in Vitro

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.40337 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 254

Author(s):

Wida Wahidah Mubarokah ◽

Wisnu Nurcahyo ◽

Kurniasih Kurniasih

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Negative Control ◽

Economic Losses ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Group Vi ◽

Group I ◽

Areca Catechu

A. galli infection caused high economic losses and decreased the amount and quality of egg production. The existence of anthelmintic resistance lead to the development of research on alternative treatments for A. galli. This aim of the research was to know LC50 of Areca catechu on infestation of A. galli. In this research A. galli was taken from a chicken slaughterhouse in Terban, Yogyakarta, and was divided into 8 groups for in vitro research. Group I was treated with an 10% infusion of A. catechu; group II was treated with 12.5% infusion of A. catechu; group III was treated with a 15% infusion of A. catechu; group IV was treated with a 17.5% infusion of A. catechu; group V was treated with 20% infusion of A. catechu; group VI was treated with a 22.5% infusion of A. catechu; group VII was treated with 25% A. catechu infusion and group VIII as negative control (0.9% NaCl). A. galli mortality is recorded every one hour until worm mortality is 100%. The results were then analyzed using the Reed and Muench method. Based on the in vitro test the infusion of Areca catechu against Ascaridia galli can cause death in worms with an LC 50 calculation of 21. 18%.

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Areca catechu nut: a double-edged sword

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20170840 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 700

Author(s):

Ajitha Sharma

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Spatial Memory ◽

East Asian ◽

Areca Nut ◽

Betel Nut ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Learning Behaviour ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The chewing of Areca catechu nut, more popularly known as betel nut, is one of the ancient traditions in India and other South-east Asian countries. Other than its role played in religious practices and cultural rituals, areca nut has also been described to have various health benefits, particularly antihelminthic and antiviral properties, in the traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda. It was observed to produce an antidepressant-like effect by elevating the serotonin and norepinephrine levels in hippocampus of rats. It also exhibited analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in mice, and displayed in vitro antioxidant activity. Furthermore, it was found to improve spatial memory and learning behaviour in rats.

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In vitro and in vivo Areca catechu crude aqueous extract as an anthelmintic against Ascaridia galli infection in chickens

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.877-882 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 877-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wida Wahidah Mubarokah ◽

Wisnu Nurcahyo ◽

Joko Prastowo ◽

Kurniasih Kurniasih

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Total Leukocyte Count ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Fecal Matter ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Crude Aqueous Extract

Aim: Intestinal parasites cause severe diseases at poultry farms, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Infections cause significant decreases in productivity at poultry farms. Ascaridia galli is a common nematode found in chickens with a prevalence of up to 92%. This study evaluates the in vitro and in vivo effects of Areca catechu crude aqueous extract (AAE) as an anthelmintic against A. galli. Materials and Methods: In the in vitro study, already-infected slaughtered chickens were collected from local slaughterhouses in Yogyakarta. The chicken intestines were carefully examined and transported to the Parasitological Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. A. galli was collected from the intestines and put into a Petri dish containing 0.62% saline solution. Sixty A. galli individuals were soaked in different concentrations of the AAE for 3-6 h. The number of deceased A. galli was recorded by ascertaining whether they had ceased movement using a stereo microscope. The morphological characteristics of the parasites were studied. The in vivo study used 40 female chickens that were 1.5 months old and infected with the eggs of A. galli. Approximately 3000 infective eggs were found in each chicken. There were four treatment groups; Group A served as the control and was treated with Aquadestilata, Group B was treated with 26 mg/ml of AAE, Group C was treated with 79 mg/ml of AAE, and Group D was treated with 50 mg/ml of pyrantel pamoate. The AAE was applied using a pipette for 14 days. The observed parameters include the effect of the treatments on hematology, body weight (BW), and the number of A. galli eggs within each gram of fecal matter. Results: The AAE damaged the morphology, including the anterior end, posterior end, and vulva, of A. galli in vitro. The tegument of the anterior and posterior ends was slightly rougher, wrinkled, and damaged. The vulva and spicule ducts were irregular and indistinct. The average eggs per gram (EPG) in the untreated control increased in vivo from 1450±355.90 to 1975±325.96. The average EPG decreased from 1485±386.62 to 0±0.00 during 14 days of treatment of 79 mg/ml of AAE. The mean BW gain in the treated chickens was significantly (p<0.5) higher than the control. The treatment with 79 mg/ml of AAE increased the total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume values in the chickens. Conclusion: AAE can cause morphological changes and subsequent death in adult A. galli in vitro and effectively decrease ascariasis severity in chickens, therefore increasing overall BW in vivo.

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