scholarly journals Implications of Digital Inclusion: Digitalization in Terms of Time Use from a Gender Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
The Impact

The implications of digital technologies for the transformation of gender relations and identities have been discussed since the early days of the internet. Although gender studies have identified clear gender gaps in terms of digital inclusion as well as potentialities for the transformation of women’s subjectivity, there is a lack of empirical evidence of the impact of digitalization in terms of time use from a gender perspective. Public policies have begun to address the digital gender gap, but the incorporation of a gender perspective in digital inclusion programmes which promotes women’s emancipation by challenging the gender division of time through use of the internet has been not incorporated in the digital policies agenda. This article aims to provide empirical evidence of the mutual interrelation between the time allocation and digital inclusion from a gender perspective. It considers how gender inequalities in time use shape women’s experience of digital inclusion and, at the same time, how digital inclusion promotes the reconfiguration of time in women’s everyday lives. Qualitative analysis based on episodic interviews explored the representations and practices of internet use by women in their everyday lives. The sample was made up of 32 women who were digitally included through a lifelong learning programme in Spain and had experienced the effects of the Spanish economic crisis. The article argues that digital inclusion does not automatically lead to a more egalitarian allocation of time use for women, but rather places greater value on women’s free time.

The gender gap in sport event attendance in Europe: The impact of macro-level gender equality

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Lagaert ◽  
Henk Roose
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the gender gap in sport event attendance – characterized by higher male and lower female participation – using a macro-sociological and cross-national comparative approach. We argue that because gender is produced and justified in the realm of sport, gender gaps in sport event attendance may be more pronounced in some societies than others, depending on the position women and men have in the particular context in which someone ‘does’ his/her gender. So, in addition to individual attributes, one has to consider the societal, macro-level gender equality in order to understand the individual-level gender inequalities in sport event attendance. Using multilevel analyses on Eurobarometer data (2007), we evaluate whether the size of the gender gap in sport event attendance varies across European Union (EU) countries and how this variation relates to societal gender equality, as measured by the Gender Equality Index of the European Institute for Gender Equality. We find higher male than female attendance in all EU countries, but also conclude that higher levels of macro-level gender equality are associated with smaller gender gaps in sport event attendance.

Gender time-use gap and task segregation in unpaid work: evidence from Switzerland

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 148-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nollert ◽  
Martin Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
The Political ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Swiss Cantons ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus first on the development of the segregation of tasks in family and housework in Switzerland and its linkage to the gender time-use gap in unpaid work. In addition, the impact of dual-breadwinner support in policies and culture is examined. Design/methodology/approach The empirical test refers to a comparison of Swiss cantons, and is based on data from the Swiss Labour Force Survey. The analysis traces both the gender gap and segregation from 2000 to 2013, compares them between 25 Swiss cantons, and links them to political and cultural dual-breadwinner support. Findings First, the results suggest that both the gender time-use gap and task segregation in unpaid work decrease in Switzerland. Moreover, the gender gap and segregation do not correlate in the sample of Swiss cantons. Second, both the gender gap and segregation correlate with dual-breadwinner support. However, the political dual-breadwinner support is linked to lower segregation, a smaller gender gap, more male and less female housework, the dual-breadwinner culture promotes female housework and both men’s and women’s family time spent on childcare, without affecting the gender gap and segregation. Research limitations/implications The results, on the one hand, suggest that both the gender time-use gap and the segregation are important but analytically different dimensions of gender equity. On the other hand, the cross-cantonal analysis highlights the socio-political structuration of gender inequality. Originality/value The paper contains the first comparative analysis of the gender time-use gap and task segregation in Switzerland. The results underline the analytical distinction between the gender time-use gap and the task segregation in family and housework. Moreover, the cross-cantonal analysis suggests that the political dual-breadwinner support is an important determinant of the gender divide in unpaid work.

The Impact of the Internet on the Public Library: Current Status and Signs for the Future

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Jörgensen ◽  
Geogre D'Elia ◽  
Joseph Woelfel ◽  
Eleanor Jo Rodger
Keyword(s):  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library Use ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the results of a research project to evaluate the impacts of the Internet on public library use. A national telephone survey was conducted using a market segmentation model for use of information services and resources at the public library and on the Internet. This research provides baseline data describing the current consumer market for library and Internet services. The data suggest that at this time use of the...

scholarly journals The Impact of Competitive Individual School Sports on the Individual’s Future Participation in Competitive Organisational Situations (Based on Empirical Evidence)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-674
Author(s):  
Tímea Juhász ◽  
Botond Kálmán ◽  
Arnold Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Individual School ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractCompetitive pressures at the workplace have already become standard issue. Participation in rivalrous situations and related attitudes are influenced by several factors, out of which a few can be traced back into childhood. Aspiration and over-ambitiousness surround our everyday lives from childhood: there is an intensive rivalry for good grades in secondary school or better performance in youth sports. These experiences all integrate into adulthood behavioural patterns. The authors investigated to what extent childhood competitive motivations influenced subsequent participation in competitive situations at the workplace, if these motivations remain in adulthood, and furthermore, how these incentives fluctuated with time. Based on the results of their questionnaire survey constellating actual and retrospective information, they concluded that competitive incitation of juveniles were still identifiable during later stages of life, albeit they vaguely mutated over time. The results are applicable in miscellaneous practical fields. At the workplace, the attitude of workers is, in turn, definable even before their admission. As regards education and career, answers received for questionnaires being constructed based on these results may assist in the methodology of formulation of the necessary everyday skill.

Locking Down Gender Roles? A Time-Use Perspective on Gender Division of Household Labour during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Belgium

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110544
Author(s):  
Theun Pieter van Tienoven ◽  
Joeri Minnen ◽  
Anaïs Glorieux ◽  
Ilse Laurijssen ◽  
Petrus te Braak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Substantial Change

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the division of household labour could continue to lock down or start to break gender roles. Using time-use data of n = 473 individuals collected during the lockdown restrictions in Belgium from March to May 2020, we analyse the gendered division of routine and non-routine household labour in absolute time use and relative shares. We compare against the Belgian time-use data of 2013 for the same time period ( n = 678 individuals). A time-demanding work and living situation associate with an increase in men’s time spent on household labour during the lockdown but not with a change in women’s time use. The gender gap closes in absolute time but not in relative shares of routine and non-routine household labour. The limited impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the gender division of household labour indicates a temporal rather than a substantial change in gender roles.

scholarly journals Reaching Equal Health in Sri Lanka: A Gender Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Janaki Vidanapathirana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Universal Health

Gender equity is at the cornerstone of the Universal health coverage (UHC), where no one is to be left behind. This paper highlights the Sustainable Development goal 5 and goal 3 with relevance to the Sri Lankan situation under the topic of “Reaching equal health: a Gender Perspective. The Sri Lankan Gender Gap Index holds the 116th position out of 152 countries. Higher mortalities are observed in males, while higher morbidity is observed in females. Social isolation and poverty in females are common in addition to the diseases at old age. Gender roles and masculine identities have led men to be more vulnerable to risk behaviours and seek access to healthcare services less. The Gender equity is at the cornerstone of the Universal Health Coverage which should be targeted to provide health services for all individuals and communities which they need, without suffering financial hardship by 2030. Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) is a major determinant of health and females are more vulnerable for that. Unmet need of family planning and abortions are leading causes for maternal mortality. 25,000 abortions occur every year in Sri Lanka. Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer populations and people with special need are more vulnerable for not getting equal health. Strengthening the health policies and guidelines should be addressed to reduce gender inequalities. Indicators of sex disaggregated data should be included in the routine assessment of all healthcare settings and research agenda should be in place to identify gender inequalities in health research.

scholarly journals Informação de diagnóstico, democracia e inclusão digital | Diagnosis analysis, democracy and digital inclusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Rothberg
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Internet Learning ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Informational Environment

Resumo Do ponto de vista da inclusão informacional e cognitiva, a informação deve apresentar certas características para servir ao aprofundamento democrático. O ambiente informacional de uma democracia precisa confrontar sistemas de crenças dogmáticos e dar suporte a análises de diagnóstico de compensações entre os efeitos de políticas públicas, que devem ser enquadradas nos aspectos de benefícios esperados e contrapartidas necessárias, com dados sobre antecedentes, alternativas, desafios, demandas, limites, possíveis desdobramentos, prazos e custos de implementação etc. Há evidências empíricas de que a internet pode ser um suporte eficiente para a expressão de quadros de informação de diagnóstico, conforme discute este artigo. Palavras-chave democracia; inclusão; informação de diagnóstico; internet; aprendizado. Abstract From the point of view of the cognitive and informational inclusion, information should have some present certain characteristics in order to serve the deepening of democracy. The informational environment of a democracy should confront dogmatic belief systems and support diagnosis analysis of tradeoffs among effects of public policies, which should be framed in their aspects of expected benefits and necessary complements, with data on antecedents, alternatives, challenges, demands, limits, possible consequences, time of delivery, implementation costs etc. There is empirical evidence to support the notion that the internet can be an efficient means for the expression of frames of information for.Keywords democracy; inclusion; information for diagnosis analysis; internet; learning.

Gender inequalities in labour market outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Georgiadis ◽  
George Christopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the investigation of gender inequalities in the labour market at the regional level in Greece throughout the years preceding and following the economic crisis. Design/methodology/approach Utilising microdata from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database from 2005 up to the most recent available, the authors construct the Total Earnings Gap Index, a composite index at the individual level which incorporates gender differentials in aspects related to employment, work intensity and earnings. This approach is further complemented by the results of the econometric analysis (a probit model for the probability of being in employment and a Heckman selection model for the determinants of hourly pay and hours worked), which portray the impact of gender on a set of labour-related characteristics. Findings The findings of the analysis indicate a widespread reduction of the gender gap; however, this appears to be mainly the result of a sharper fall in employment among men, hence pointing towards a “race to the bottom” process which presents few – if any – signs of an increase of women’s economic independence. The emerging picture points towards a trend of regional convergence in gender gaps, while also highlighting that similar gender equality outcomes are, in certain cases, shaped by radically different dynamics. Originality/value This paper uses an innovative composite index which provides a multi-dimensional depiction of gender inequality in the Greek labour market. This index has been introduced by Eurostat and has been applied at the country level, with this paper being the first – to the authors’ knowledge – to apply it at the regional level. Additionally, by examining years before and throughout the crisis, the present analysis adopts a dynamic perspective, offering valuable insight into the seismic shifts that Greece’s labour market structure has undergone during this period.

scholarly journals Austerity Policies, Public Expenditure, and Development from a Gender Perspective: What Is the Status of Mexican and Brazilian Women?

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-403
Author(s):  
Oscar Martínez ◽  
Itzel Dueñas ◽  
Monika Meireles
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Feminization Of Poverty ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of austerity policies on gender inequality in Mexico and Brazil. More specifically, it seeks to discuss the need to reconcile public expenditure with a development strategy that actually includes a gender perspective. The feminization of poverty is of particular interest, as it is the basis upon which we try to outline the socioeconomic conditions in which Mexican and Brazilian women live with regards to progress, setbacks, and challenges. Thus, a brief explanation of the term austerity is provided with the purpose of reflecting on the limitations and opportunities that public expenditure might have in terms of gender inequality. Then, basic economic statistics concerning the dynamics of economic growth and public expenditure are included and certain key variables revolving around gender gaps in both countries are examined. Finally, we offer a diagnosis of the consequences of poverty on the female population in order to identify the leeway that public expenditure focused on gender should have for the most vulnerable population sector. The purpose is to promote development policies based on greater equality. In summary, as a result of the study, we observe that public expenditure intended at fighting against poverty (female-male) had considerable success in the case of Brazil, but not in the case of Mexico. However, in both countries, the recent deepening of austerity policies could limit the efforts of public expenditure on the feminization of poverty in particular, and on gender inequalities in general.

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