scholarly journals Landscape as a Potential Key Concept in Urban Environmental Planning: The Case of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Sas-Bojarska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Landscape Protection

Rapid urban development increases the consumption of materials, energy, and water, resulting in an overproduction of waste and emissions. These cause many environmental threats, such as ozone layer depletion and rain acidification, leading to climate change. Therefore, the question arises on how to improve the effectiveness of tools that strengthen environmental protection. This discursive article presents an approach stressing the role of landscape in environmental protection in Poland. It indicates that landscape protection is an ecological, not just an aesthetic activity, as it is often considered in Poland. The landscape reflects all changes occurring in individual elements of the environment resulting from urban development. Through landscape transformations, one can track the growth and accumulation of adverse effects in the chain of environmental changes. Knowledge regarding the dynamics and scope of these transformations can improve ecological design and technologies. Therefore, the landscape condition should be treated as an indicator of sustainable development. If so, one could hypothesise that effective landscape protection contributes to minimising environmental and climate changes. The relationships between the landscape and environmental/climate threats discussed in this article prompt combining some tools related to these threats, which may ensure both effective landscape protection and sustainable development, leading to reduced climate change. The possibilities and benefits of integrating these tools are presented here as well. General considerations are supplemented with references to the situation in Poland to support the need for implementing a more policy-oriented and interdisciplinary approach to landscape protection.

scholarly journals How Does the Arctic Council Support Conservation of Arctic Biodiversity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5042
Author(s):  
Tom Barry ◽  
Brynhildur Daviðsdóttir ◽  
Níels Einarsson ◽  
Oran R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
Insight Into

The Arctic Council is an intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among Arctic states, indigenous communities, and peoples on issues of common importance. The rising geo-political importance of the Arctic and the onset of climate change has resulted in the Council becoming a focus of increasing interest from both inside and beyond the Arctic. This has resulted in new demands placed on the Council, attracting an increasing number of participants, and instigating a period of transformation as Arctic states work to find a way to balance conflicting demands to improve the Council’s effectiveness and take care of national interests. This paper considers whether, during this time of change, the Council is having an impact on the issues it was formed to address, i.e., environmental protection and sustainable development. To provide answers, it looks at how the Council reports on and evaluates progress towards the implementation of recommendations it makes regarding biodiversity, how it identifies where activities have had impacts and uncovers the mechanisms through which they were successful, to provide an insight into how the Arctic Council can be an agent of change.

Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Late Capitalism ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Grave Problem ◽  
Intensive Growth

Sustainable development was famously defined in the 1987 Brundtland Report as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.” In the decades that followed, anthropologists have made clear that the term requires a more specific redefinition within its context of late capitalism. For anthropologists, sustainable development evokes the effort of extending capitalist discipline while remaining conscious of economic or environmental constraints. Yet they have also found that sustainable development discourses frequently pitch certain forms of steady, careful capitalist extension as potentially limitless. Anthropologists have broadly found “sustainable” to be used by development workers and policy experts most widely in reference to economic rather than environmental constraints. Sustainable development thus presents as an environmentalist concept but is regularly used to lubricate extraction and energy-intensive growth in the name of a sustained capitalism. The intensifying impacts of climate change demonstrate the stakes of this choice. Anthropological interruptions and interrogations of the sustainable development concept within the unfolding logic of late capitalism range from the intimate and local realm of economic lives, to the political ecology of resource extraction, to the emerging ethnography of climate change. Anthropologists investigate sustainable development at these three scales. Indeed, scale is an effective analytic for understanding its spatial and temporal effects in and on the world. Anthropologists approach sustainable development up close as it has been utilized as a short-term disciplinary instrument of transforming people identified as poor into entrepreneurs. They can zoom out to see large extractive industries as, themselves, subjects and drivers of a larger-scale, longer-term framework of sustainable development. They also zoom out even further, intervening in emergent responses to climate change, a problem of utmost urgency that affects the globe broadly and far into the future, but unevenly. The massive environmental changes wrought by energy-intensive growth have already exceeded the carrying capacity of many of the world’s ecosystems. Climate change is at once a grave problem and a potential opportunity to rethink our economic lives. It has been an impetus to redefine mainstream approaches to sustainable development within a fossil-fueled capitalism. However, a deliberate program of “neoliberal adaptation” to climate change is emerging in sites of sustainable development intervention in a way that promises a consolidation of capitalist discipline. Anthropologists should thus engage a more robust ethnographic agenda rooted in environmental justice.

scholarly journals Urbanisation et environnement: la ville du present et du futur

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis TSIOMIS
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Environmental Dimension ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Project ◽  
The City

Abordagem interdisciplinar da cidade na perspectiva do urbanismo, da arquitetura e dos arquitetos. Novos conceitos e noções para o tratamento da cidade considerando a dimensão ambiental. Relação entre desenvolvimento urbano e meio ambiente. Urbanismo, projeto urbano e desenvolvimento sustentável. Urbanization and the environment: the city of the present and of the future Abstract Interdisciplinary approach of the city under the urbanism, architecture, and architects’ perspective. New concepts and notions for treating the city, considering the environmental dimension. Relationship between urban development and the environment. Urbanism, urban project, and sustainable development.

Understanding the impacts of climate change on high mountain practices: the case of the Mont Blanc massif through an interdisciplinary approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Salim ◽  
Jacques Mourey ◽  
Ludovic Ravanel ◽  
Pierre-Alain Duvillard ◽  
Maëva Cathala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mont Blanc Massif

<p>The intensity of the current climate change has strong consequences on high mountain tourism activities. Winter activities are currently the most studied (ski industry). However, the consequences of environmental changes are also strong in summer, as geomorphological processes are enhanced at high elevation. The Mont Blanc Massif (Western Alps) is a particularly favourable terrain for the development of research about these processes. Emblematic high summits (28 of the 82 peaks > 4000 m of the Alps), dozens of glaciers, strongly developed tourism with summer/winter equivalence, active mountaineering practice, etc. all contribute to the interest of studying this geographical area. A lot of work has been carried out on glaciological and geomorphological issues. These studies, which deal with "physical" impacts of the climate change on the high mountains, are also supplemented by studies of their consequences on human societies, as its impacts on practices such as mountaineering or glacier tourism. Risk-related issues are also taken into account with, for example, the stability of infrastructure (huts, ski lifts) or the impact of glacial shrinkage on the formation of new and potentially hazardous lakes. Accordingly, the aims of our presentation are to show the extent of the research developed on climate change in the Mont Blanc massif and how social and environmental sciences are interlinked to provide a holistic vision of the issues of this territory. As these experiments are not exactly interdisciplinary experiments, this presentation also aims to discuss the points that need to be further developed in order to promote inter- and trans-disciplinary research.</p>

scholarly journals CREATING A SUSTAINABLE CITY THROUGH URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIAN CONTEXT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sarbani Bera
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Indian Cities ◽  
City Form

The sustainable urban development is a great venture in India. It discusses the concept importance of sustainable development mainly the sustainable urban development. Sustainable urban development and sustainable city form take the responsibility of all this and try to reduce the bad effects of climate change, depletion of non-renewable resources and degradation of the urban environment. There are three issues - which are meeting the deciencies in service, how to manage the services in an environment friendly way and the need to make them more equitable. For activities locations need to be created which can be reached 1) without moving, by walking, by cycling 2) By public transport and 3) by energy efcient cars. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and UN-HABITAT, the sustainable cities programme are designed to foster the planning to move cities in the developing countries toward sustainability. They organized different programme for the sustainable urban development. One idea about sustainable urban form is that density needs to be 'high'. Adensity that is suitable for USA or cities of Europe may not be feasible for already dense cities like Hong Kong and Indian cities. All these things about sustainable environment and climate change have resulted in experiments and debates over city form that is sustainable.

scholarly journals Analysis on Environmental Protection in Urban Planning and Con- struction

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhentao
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Planning And Construction

With the rapid development of society, urban construction has been paid more and more attention. In the very important part of the urban construction is environmental protection, good environmental protection can effectively protect people’s lives, and can better promote urban development, so the need to further strengthen its research. However, the current situation, there are still many problems in environmental protection, so in the practical application requires relevant personnel to take ef- fective measures to control, and continue to strengthen environmental protection efforts, which can better promote the development of urban construction, to meet Sustainable development requirements. Based on this, this paper analyzes the environmental protection in urban planning and construction.

scholarly journals THE EVALUATION OF ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE TOWN OF MARIBOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 65-81
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Local Agenda 21 ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Integrated Waste Management ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
The Town

In 2001, the Municipality of Maribor already prepared a Report on the stateof environment with the goal to actively approach the realisation of the Local agenda 21 for Maribor. Conditions of that time didn’t allow a realisation of all planned objectives and measures, therefore the Municipality of Maribor decided to once more prepare the Municipal Environmental Protection Programme, based on the Reports on the state of environment in the Municipality of Maribor. For the period 2008 – 2015 the EPP included areas of integrated waste management, the system of safe healthy drinking water supply, air protection, protection against noise and climate change, sustainable traffic development, preserving of natural values and green areas and comprehensive environmental informing and awareness-raising. Desiring to improve the implementation of set objectives and to plan objectives and measures more realistically, in the preparation of the new EPP for the period after 2015, the emphasis in the paper is on the research of the connection of measures to achieve the objectives.This paper shows the evaluation methodology and the objective and measure achievements of the Municipality of Maribor that are recorded in the Municipal environmental protection programme for the period 2008 to 2013.

scholarly journals Informational Technologies as a Tool for Local Level Sustainable Development Goals Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Liubov V. Zharova ◽  
Ievgen V. Khlobystov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Closing The Gaps

The research represents the interdisciplinary approach for sustainable development of local communities through the implementation latest innovative approaches and closing the gaps by modern technological possibilities. The paper proposes methodological approaches for informational and analytical support for decision-making on sustainable development of local territorial entities (for example, united territorial communities, BTSEE). It is emphasized that the climate change forecast must be implemented to local, territorial development strategies. The central hypothesis of this research is that the competitiveness and efficiency of economic development local communities can be reached in the framework of combating climate changes with the implementation of information technologies on all steps – from planning until realization. It emphasized that the climate change forecast must be implemented to local, territorial development strategies. The way of implementation is that the territorial development strategies take into account changes in the functional purpose of the territories and determine the directions of prospective activity, taking into account changes in agro-climatic and infrastructural conditions of development. For this purpose, it is proposed to create a complex of information and analytical support for the sustainable development of local, territorial entities. The permissible value of the reverse subsidy, according to our calculations, should be no more than 25 %. It was demonstrated that it is possible to enable the sustainable development of financially capable communities if a flexible, financially based approach is used to determine the reverse subsidy's amount. Implementing the proposed mechanisms for the sustainable development of the BTSEE involves active consultation with local leaders and government representatives in charge of government decentralization.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Security: The Opportunities and Challenges of Incorporating Environmental Threats in Security Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmi Räisänen ◽  
Emma Hakala ◽  
Jussi T. Eronen ◽  
Janne I. Hukkinen ◽  
Mikko J. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Wide Range

In security and foreign policy discourse, environmental issues have been discussed increasingly as security threats that require immediate action. Yet, as the traditional security sector does not provide straightforward means to deal with climate change and other environmental issues, this has prompted concerns over undue securitisation and ill-placed extreme measures. We argue that an effective policy to address foreseeable environmental security threats can only be developed and maintained by ensuring that it remains resolutely within the domain of civil society. In this article, we consider the case of Finland, where the policy concept of comprehensive security has been presented as the official guideline for security and preparedness activities in different sectors. Comprehensive security aims to safeguard the vital functions of society through cooperation between authorities, business operators, organisations, and citizens. We analyse the opportunities and challenges of Finland’s comprehensive security policy in addressing environmental changes through a three-level framework of local, geopolitical and structural security impacts. Our empirical evidence is based on a set of expert interviews (n = 40) that represent a wide range of fields relevant to unconventional security issues. We find that the Finnish comprehensive security model provides an example of a wide and inclusive perspective to security which would allow for taking into account environmental security concerns. However, due to major challenges in the implementation of the model, it does not fully incorporate the long-term, cross-sectoral, and cascading aspects of environmental threats. This weakens Finland’s preparedness against climate change which currently poses some of the most urgent environmental security problems.

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