IN SITU TECHNIQUES FOR EFFICIENT GENETIC CONSERVATION AND USE: A CASE STUDY FOR LATHYRUS

The threatening title of the United Kingdom’s 2016 Farmer Review ‘Modernise or Die’ was a stark prognosis for the construction industry likened to a sick or dying patient. The review recommended a shift towards pre- manufacture approaches and away from the traditional methods that we seem so reluctant to divert from. The paper recommends that Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) is to be explored as the potential medicine required to cure the symptoms of a deteriorating industry. The antidote comes in the form of modular cross laminated timber (CLT). Originally, CLT was associated with in-situ construction techniques, which are reliant on-site operations. The industry has since progressed to a hybrid state of using both in-situ techniques with some pre-fabrication. Modular CLT is the next step in the evolution of mass timber which looks to solve the housing crisis affecting multiple global cities in terms of sustainability, cost and speed. The paper will look at: <ul> <li>The advantages and opportunities for modular CLT</li> <li>The engineering challenges that need to be overcome</li> <li>Digitalisation techniques employed in the design of modular CLT</li> <li>A case study of the Watts Grove project in London, UK</li> </ul>

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SenCity – Evaluating Users’ Experiences of Intelligent Lighting for Well-Being in Smart Cities

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2018-007 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

Henrika Pihlajaniemi ◽

Anna Luusua ◽

Eveliina Juntunen

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Smart City ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Well Being ◽

Evaluation Methods ◽

Data Analyses ◽

Sense Of Security ◽

System Data

This paper presents the evaluation of usersХ experiences in three intelligent lighting pilots in Finland. Two of the case studies are related to the use of intelligent lighting in different kinds of traffic areas, having emphasis on aspects of visibility, traffic and movement safety, and sense of security. The last case study presents a more complex view to the experience of intelligent lighting in smart city contexts. The evaluation methods, tailored to each pilot context, include questionnaires, an urban dashboard, in-situ interviews and observations, evaluation probes, and system data analyses. The applicability of the selected and tested methods is discussed reflecting the process and achieved results.

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Site specific agricultural soil management with the use of new technologies

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.001203 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 59-67

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

Digital Interface ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Wide Range ◽

Soil Variation ◽

Soil Information ◽

Remote Sensing Techniques ◽

Agricultural Areas

The Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki produces new digitized Soil Maps that provide a useful electronic database for the spatial representation of the soil variation within a region, based on in situ soil sampling, laboratory analyses, GIS techniques and plant nutrition mathematical models, coupled with the local land cadastre. The novelty of these studies is that local agronomists have immediate access to a wide range of soil information by clicking on a field parcel shown in this digital interface and, therefore, can suggest an appropriate treatment (e.g. liming, manure incorporation, desalination, application of proper type and quantity of fertilizer) depending on the field conditions and cultivated crops. A specific case study is presented in the current work with regards to the construction of the digitized Soil Map of the regional unit of Kastoria. The potential of this map can easily be realized by the fact that the mapping of the physicochemical properties of the soils in this region provided delineation zones for differential fertilization management. An experiment was also conducted using remote sensing techniques for the enhancement of the fertilization advisory software database, which is a component of the digitized map, and the optimization of nitrogen management in agricultural areas.

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Fabrication Technologies and Applications of Graphene-based co-polymeric Nano-composites: its challenges and Future works

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681209666191204111725 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 ◽

Author(s):

Pratik Chhapia ◽

Harshad Patel

Keyword(s):

Review Paper ◽

Polymeric Coating ◽

Nano Composites ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Electrical And Optical Properties ◽

In Situ Techniques ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Ink Jet ◽

Enhanced Conductivity

: Graphene based co-polymeric Nano-composites explored and trending in various applications as ascribing to its enhanced conductivity and controlled modification with wide specific surface areas. With the number of advantages of co-polymeric coating on Graphene or Graphene sheets and their derivatives, Graphene based co-polymeric Nano-composites fabricated by various techniques (deposition, ink jet, electro spinning, spin coating, in-situ techniques, etc.) and different conducting co-polymers show its exceptional chemical, mechanical, electrical and optical properties. Therefore, in the today’s world with greater quantities of various properties of co-polymer with Graphene based Nano-composites with enhanced stability, selectivity and sensitivity have been formed. In this review paper, we have particularly focused on recent advancing in fabrication of different technologies with the help of Graphene based co-polymeric Nano-composites and its various trending and future applications. Finally, on the personal standpoint; the key challenges of Graphene based co-polymeric Nano-composites are mentioned in hope to shed a light on their potential future prospects.

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An Improved Algorithm for Measuring Nitrate Concentrations in Seawater Based on Deep-Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry: A Case Study of the Aoshan Bay Seawater and Western Pacific Seawater

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21030965 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 965

Author(s):

Xingyue Zhu ◽

Kaixiong Yu ◽

Xiaofan Zhu ◽

Juan Su ◽

Chi Wu

Keyword(s):

Weighted Average ◽

Measuring Method ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Nitrate Concentrations ◽

Deep Ultraviolet ◽

Ultraviolet Spectrometer ◽

Seawater Samples ◽

Reflection Probe

Nowadays, it is still a challenge for commercial nitrate sensors to meet the requirement of high accuracy in a complex water. Based on deep-ultraviolet spectral analysis and a regression algorithm, a different measuring method for obtaining the concentration of nitrate in seawater is proposed in this paper. The system consists of a deuterium lamp, an optical fiber splitter module, a reflection probe, temperature and salinity sensors, and a deep-ultraviolet spectrometer. The regression model based on weighted average kernel partial least squares (WA-KPLS) algorithm together with corrections for temperature and salinity (TSC) is established. After that, the seawater samples from Western Pacific and Aoshan Bay in Qingdao, China with the addition of various nitrate concentrations are studied to verify the reliability and accuracy of the method. The results show that the TSC-WA-KPLS algorithm shows the best results when compared against the multiple linear regression (MLR) and ISUS (in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer) algorithms in the temperatures range of 4–25 °C, with RMSEP of 0.67 µmol/L for Aoshan Bay seawater and 1.08 µmol/L for Western Pacific seawater. The method proposed in this paper is suitable for measuring the nitrate concentration in seawater with higher accuracy, which could find application in the development of in-situ and real-time nitrate sensors.

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Understanding Selectivity in CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol for MoP Nanoparticle Catalysts Using In Situ Techniques

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11010143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Melis S. Duyar ◽

Alessandro Gallo ◽

Samuel K. Regli ◽

Jonathan L. Snider ◽

Joseph A. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Formation Rate ◽

Methanol Conversion ◽

Transition Metal Catalysts ◽

Colloidal Synthesis ◽

X Ray ◽

In Situ Techniques ◽

Methanol Formation ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared ◽

Formate Intermediate

Molybdenum phosphide (MoP) catalyzes the hydrogenation of CO, CO2, and their mixtures to methanol, and it is investigated as a high-activity catalyst that overcomes deactivation issues (e.g., formate poisoning) faced by conventional transition metal catalysts. MoP as a new catalyst for hydrogenating CO2 to methanol is particularly appealing for the use of CO2 as chemical feedstock. Herein, we use a colloidal synthesis technique that connects the presence of MoP to the formation of methanol from CO2, regardless of the support being used. By conducting a systematic support study, we see that zirconia (ZrO2) has the striking ability to shift the selectivity towards methanol by increasing the rate of methanol conversion by two orders of magnitude compared to other supports, at a CO2 conversion of 1.4% and methanol selectivity of 55.4%. In situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and in situ X-ray Diffraction (XRD) indicate that under reaction conditions the catalyst is pure MoP in a partially crystalline phase. Results from Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy coupled with Temperature Programmed Surface Reaction (DRIFTS-TPSR) point towards a highly reactive monodentate formate intermediate stabilized by the strong interaction of MoP and ZrO2. This study definitively shows that the presence of a MoP phase leads to methanol formation from CO2, regardless of support and that the formate intermediate on MoP governs methanol formation rate.

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Influence of Hydrogeochemistry on Tunnel Drainage in Evaporitic Formations: El Regajal Tunnel Case Study (Aranjuez, Spain)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1505

Author(s):

Ignacio Menéndez Pidal ◽

Jose Antonio Mancebo Piqueras ◽

Eugenio Sanz Pérez ◽

Clemente Sáenz Sanz

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Civil Engineering ◽

Saturation Index ◽

The Subject ◽

Under Construction ◽

Underground Flow ◽

Very High ◽

Over Time

Many of the large number of underground works constructed or under construction in recent years are in unfavorable terrains facing unusual situations and construction conditions. This is the case of the subject under study in this paper: a tunnel excavated in evaporitic rocks that experienced significant karstification problems very quickly over time. As a result of this situation, the causes that may underlie this rapid karstification are investigated and a novel methodology is presented in civil engineering where the use of saturation indices for the different mineral specimens present has been crucial. The drainage of the rock massif of El Regajal (Madrid-Toledo, Spain, in the Madrid-Valencia high-speed train line) was studied and permitted the in-situ study of the hydrogeochemical evolution of water flow in the Miocene evaporitic materials of the Tajo Basin as a full-scale testing laboratory, that are conforms as a whole, a single aquifer. The work provides a novel methodology based on the calculation of activities through the hydrogeochemical study of water samples in different piezometers, estimating the saturation index of different saline materials and the dissolution capacity of the brine, which is surprisingly very high despite the high electrical conductivity. The circulating brine appears unsaturated with respect to thenardite, mirabilite, epsomite, glauberite, and halite. The alteration of the underground flow and the consequent renewal of the water of the aquifer by the infiltration water of rain and irrigation is the cause of the hydrogeochemical imbalance and the modification of the characteristics of the massif. These modifications include very important loss of material by dissolution, altering the resistance of the terrain and the increase of the porosity. Simultaneously, different expansive and recrystallization processes that decrease the porosity of the massif were identified in the present work. The hydrogeochemical study allows the evolution of these phenomena to be followed over time, and this, in turn, may facilitate the implementation of preventive works in civil engineering.

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Selected In Situ Hybridization Methods: Principles and Application

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26133874 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 3874

Author(s):

Dominika Veselinyová ◽

Jana Mašlanková ◽

Katarina Kalinová ◽

Helena Mičková ◽

Mária Mareková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Cell Communication ◽

Probe Design ◽

Rapid Progress ◽

In Situ Techniques ◽

Different Types ◽

Laboratory Procedures ◽

The Individual

We are experiencing rapid progress in all types of imaging techniques used in the detection of various numbers and types of mutation. In situ hybridization (ISH) is the primary technique for the discovery of mutation agents, which are presented in a variety of cells. The ability of DNA to complementary bind is one of the main principles in every method used in ISH. From the first use of in situ techniques, scientists paid attention to the improvement of the probe design and detection, to enhance the fluorescent signal intensity and inhibition of cross-hybrid presence. This article discusses the individual types and modifications, and is focused on explaining the principles and limitations of ISH division on different types of probes. The article describes a design of probes for individual types of in situ hybridization (ISH), as well as the gradual combination of several laboratory procedures to achieve the highest possible sensitivity and to prevent undesirable events accompanying hybridization. The article also informs about applications of the methodology, in practice and in research, to detect cell to cell communication and principles of gene silencing, process of oncogenesis, and many other unknown processes taking place in organisms at the DNA/RNA level.

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Effects of Infills in the Seismic Performance of an RC Factory Building in Pakistan

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11070276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

Nisar Ali Khan ◽

Giorgio Monti ◽

Camillo Nuti ◽

Marco Vailati

Keyword(s):

Numerical Model ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Building Codes ◽

Construction Technique ◽

Infill Walls ◽

Mortar Strength ◽

Materials Used ◽

Seismic Response Of Buildings

Infilled reinforced concrete (IRC) frames are a very common construction typology, not only in developing countries such as Pakistan but also in southern Europe and Western countries, due to their ease of construction and less technical skills required for the construction. Their performance during past earthquakes has been in some cases satisfactory and in other cases inadequate. Significant effort has been made among researchers to improve such performance, but few have highlighted the influence of construction materials used in the infill walls. In some building codes, infills are still considered as non-structural elements, both in the design of new buildings and, sometimes, in the assessment of existing buildings. This is mainly due to some difficulties in modeling their mechanical behavior and also the large variety of typologies, which are difficult to categorize. Some building codes, for example, Eurocode, already address the influence of infill walls in design, but there is still a lack of homogeneity among different codes. For example, the Pakistan building code (PBC) does not address infills, despite being a common construction technique in the country. Past earthquake survey records show that construction materials and infill types significantly affect the seismic response of buildings, thus highlighting the importance of investigating such parameters. This is the object of this work, where a numerical model for infill walls is introduced, which aims at predicting their failure mode, as a function of some essential parameters, such as the friction coefficient between mortar and brick surface and mortar strength, usually disregarded in previous models. A comprehensive case study is presented of a three-story IRC frame located in the city of Mirpur, Pakistan, hit by an earthquake of magnitude 5.9 on 24 September 2019. The results obtained from the numerical model show good agreement with the damage patterns observed in situ, thus highlighting the importance of correctly modeling the infill walls when seismically designing or assessing Pakistani buildings that make use of this technology.

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