GERMAN MILITARY PLAN OF KUIBYSHEV (SAMARA) CITY AS THE OBJECT OF STUDY OF ITS URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Irina A. KOTENKO
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
City Plan ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
The Web

The article views the first time appeared on the Web German military plan of Kuibyshev (Samara) city of 1942. This plan is of interest for studying the historical and building development of the city in pre-war and wartime. The article provides information about the organization of military cartography and topography in Germany, about the kinds of special cards and military-geographic documents and their purpose. The military-geographical city plans were the special maps. The author examines the cartographic features of schematic military-geographical city plan: sources for plan; executive stamp; scale; economic and geographical description (general legend) and the legend of points of interest; list of undetected important urban objects and symbols. The author concludes that the military plan cartography of 1942 is more accurate for prewar city. However, information about important military and industrial sites are detailed and relevant to the war. The study and comparison of the German and Soviet city plans and maps contribute to better knowledge of urban development of period under review.

Cavalry identity and democratic ideology in early fourth-century Athens

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 102-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Low
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Group ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Peloponnesian War ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

In 395 BC, after just under a decade of (nominal) peace between Athens and Sparta, the Corinthian War broke out, and, for the first time since the end of the Peloponnesian War, forces of Athenian cavalry were despatched to fight on behalf of their own city. The surviving historical narratives of the events at Haliartus in that year, and at Corinth and Coronea the next, are often incomplete, inconsistent, or both; the detail of what contribution – if any – was made by the cavalry to the campaign is no exception to that pattern. My aim in what follows, however, is not to attempt to reach the truth of what really happened in those engagements, but rather to look at a small group of material produced by and about members of the cavalry forces involved in the campaign, and to explore some of the ways in which the military exploits of this stereotypically rich and élite section of Athenian society are represented in the city – especially in contexts with particularly democratic associations. In doing so, I want to investigate the idea that Athenian attitudes to the cavalry undergo a significant, and hostile, shift at the end of the Peloponnesian War: the claim, that is, that the cavalry had always been a distinct group in Athens, but, in the 390s, that distinction comes in the form of infamy rather than fame. But I also hope to demonstrate the necessity of adopting a more nuanced approach to the study of the formation of these (positive or negative) attitudes: the image of the cavalry is shaped by the views of those outside that class, but also by the cavalry themselves; moreover, the cavalry are not necessarily simply reactive in their self-presentation, but can be allowed a more proactive role in the shaping of their own self-image.

The defense of Glukhov against the Polish army of king John Casimir in 1664

2019 ◽  
pp. 213-236
Author(s):  
Igor Babulin
Keyword(s):  
Left Bank ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Will ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Military Campaign ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
King John

The decisive event of the military campaign of the Commonwealth at the final stage of the Russian-Polish war of 1654-1667 became the unsuccessful siege of Glukhov. It ended in a heavy defeat for the Polish forces, which meant the failure of the last attempt by the Polish-Lithuanian state to regain the lands of the Left-bank Ukraine. Despite the considerable number of researches devoted to the campaign of King John Casimir, on the whole this campaign has been studied quite insufficiently. The source of the article were the materials of the Razryadny prikaz , which were fairly well preserved in the Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts (RGADA). A considerable part of the sources used for the first time were introduced into scientific circulation. Their comprehensive use made it possible to reconstruct the detailed course of the defense of Glukhov against the troops the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and to dispel a number of established misconceptions. In particular, those about the presence of the Russian garrison in the city. The actions of the Polish troops and the Ukrainian Cossacks in the struggle for this strategically important city of the Left-bank Ukraine are analyzed. The results of the research showed that the choice of defenders of Glukhov in favor of Moscow was an expression of the will not only of part of the Ukrainian Cossacks of the Left Bank, but also a reflection of the general mood of the Ukrainian masses.

Planning and its discontents: contradictions and continuities in remaking China's great cities, 1950–2010

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL Y. LIANG
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
State Governance ◽  
City Plan ◽  
The City ◽  
Theoretical Overview

ABSTRACT:This article offers a theoretical overview of the urbanization legacy of China's great cities since 1949. It shows a persistent contradiction between ideology/planning and urban sprawl/cellular urbanism. The symbolic function of city planning reflects official ideology giving the city a unified formal structure, but the implementation of the city plan is compromised in the process of urban development. The state governance fragments Chinese urban society into emplaced groups. This social division takes effect through the spatial division of various compounds that negotiate with rather than conform to city planning. Using a case-study of Guangzhou's urban development, the article shows how the state-led spatial practices continue in the post-socialist era and how a new kind of developmental ideology informs urban developments.

scholarly journals Combining Cluster-Based Profiling Based on Social Media Features and Association Rule Mining for Personalised Recommendations of Touristic Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6512
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ayebakuro Orama ◽  
Joan Borràs ◽  
Antonio Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Association Rule ◽  
Association Rule Mining ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
User Profiles ◽  
Rule Mining ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

Tourists who visit a city for the first time may find it difficult to decide on places to visit, as the amount of information in the Web about cultural and leisure activities may be large. Recommender systems address this problem by suggesting the points of interest that fit better with the user’s preferences. This paper presents a novel recommender system that leverages tweets to build user profiles, taking into account not only their personal preferences but also their travel habits. Association rules, which are mined from the previous visits of users documented on Twitter, are used to make the final recommendations of places to visit. The system has been applied to data of the city of Barcelona, and the results show that the use of the social media-based clustering procedure increases its performance according to several relevant metrics.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF VOTKINSK CITY-PLANT PRIOR TO 1917

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Stoyak ◽  
L. S. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Research Results ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The paper is relevant due to changes in the city-plant Votkinsk situated in the Urals. These changes condition a loss of architectural and artistic originality of the city. The purpose of the paper is to reveal its town-planning features. For the first time, the stages of its urban development are identified empirically on the basis of the complex analysis results on the historical and architectural heritage of Votkinsk. The research results can be used for the formation of the concept concerning the properties conservation of Votkinsk.

scholarly journals Research of Heavy Metals on the Agricultural Land in Bajgora Region, Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mensur Kelmendi ◽  
Milaim Sadiku ◽  
Sadija Kadriu ◽  
Florent Dobroshi ◽  
Liridona Igrishta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
World Class ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

Abstract For the first time, a survey about agricultural land focusing on the partitioning of the Pb, Cd, and Zn to the rural part of Mitrovica in northern Kosovo was made. Kosovo’s Mitrovica is one of the main industrial sites in the former Yugoslavia and a world-class mining district in Europe. The process of obtaining metals dates since 1927. From this year until 2000, the technological process of acquisition/obtaining has been accompanied by environmental pollution by creating waste landfills. These landfills are located on the outskirts of the city of Mitrovica at a distance from 1 to 4 km. In this area high levels of heavy metals in air, water, and earth were noticed. Therefore, these metal residues have a particular impact on air, earth, water, and effects on plants, animals and humans health. This situation became alarming; therefore in 2000 the production process was discontinued. During the period from 2000 to the present day, there is noticed a change of nature. Residents of the area have begun to work on agricultural lands without realizing the potential risk coming up. Despite the stagnation of industrial production, environmental pollution continues even further, especially from the landfill generated by industrial wastes. Widespread and very visible contamination mainly from Pb, Zn, Cd were found on the ground, with the highest concentrations measured near the Zveçan smelter. A significant amount of Cd, Pb, and Zn in contaminated soils/ground was quite movable/changeable, suggesting that these elements may be readily available for plants and soil/ground organisms. The main objective of this work is to address this pollution and take measures for education and information.

On the history of the Andijan Muslim movement in 1898

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Julia Lysenko ◽  
Tatyana Nedzelyuk
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Population ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

In 1898, an uprising of the Muslim population took place in the city of Andijan of the Fergana region of the Turkestan governor-general, accompanied by an attack on the line battalion of the Russian army. The casualties from the military and civilian Russian population led to a reaction from the imperial authorities. On the basis of archival and published sources, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the article analyzes a set of measures that were implemented by the regional administration to stabilize the situation in the region. It is emphasized that the consequence of the Andijan movement for the Muslims of Turkestan was a change in the vector of the state's religious policy towards tightening control over the life of Muslim communities and introducing additional legal restrictions for them.

scholarly journals Jurchen Harvesting Equipment: A Case Study of the Walled Town of Shaiginskoe

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Nadezhda G. Artemieva ◽  
Victor S. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Agricultural Equipment ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

Purpose. The article is dedicated to the research of harvesting tools that were excavated on the territory of the Shaiginskoe site. For the first time, the full statistics of the material are given, its new classification has been developed, and the data reveal the role of agriculture in life in the military-agricultural settlements of the State of East Xia. The Jurchens’ walled towns dating back to the period of the Eastern Xia State are qualified as military and agricultural settlements. Fortification structures of the sites imply their military functions, whereas findings of agricultural equipment affirm respective activities of the citizens. The agricultural implements excavated on the site of Shaiginskoe include hand-held tools typically used by the Jurchen people for harvesting cereal crops or cutting grass for hay. The article covers a complete statistic of the archaeological findings, provides a new type of their classification and demonstrates the scientists’ efforts to determine the specific features of social relations in military and agricultural settlements. Results. A total of 113 items have been found in the Shayginskoe settlement, which can be attributed to tools for harvesting. According to morphological features, they can be divided into species A – sickles and species B – scythes. Having analyzed the unearthed material, the authors conclude that the tools had a cross-purpose and their functions were not clearly separated. The Jurchens’ sickle appeared to be similar to the sickle-scythe used by the Manchus. They correspond to each other in size, shape and functionality. The only difference lies in a manner of fastening the blade to the handle. Conclusion. Judging by the number of agricultural equipment found in almost one in three dwellings of The Shaiginskoe fortification, it can be concluded that many residents of the city, to varying degrees, engaged in agriculture, supplemented by fishing and hunting, providing themselves with food, however agriculture played an important role in the economy of medieval fortifications of Primorye, and formed the basis of agricultural activity of the Jurchen.

scholarly journals Maribor med obema vojnama in vprašanje vojaške infrastrukture

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2021) (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomaž Kladnik ◽  
Mateja Matjašič Friš
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

Basing on the research of archival sources and newspapers, the article discusses the urban development of the city of Maribor from the perspective of construction and change of use of the existing military infrastructure, its influence on the city's development and its economic and everyday life in the period between the both world wars. For seventy years after the construction of the Southern Railway (1846), Maribor had been in the centre of traffic routes in the empire. Since one of the biggest military infrastructures in this part of Austria-Hungary was situated in Maribor, the city also had an important military-strategic position. With the downfall of Austria-Hungary and the creation of a new State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, the geostrategic position of Maribor changed considerably. Nevertheless, with its position and military infrastructure density, it preserved its important military role even in the new state. The discussed period in the city was thus marked by negotiations between the civil and military administration considering the ownership of the military infrastructure and the paying of its rent.

Criteria and instruments of urban development in the expansion and reconstruction of a city

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Olympic Village ◽  
City Plan ◽  
The City

This statement came to be written as an introduction to our proposal to ‘repair’ the urban design and city plan of Salerno, Italy. It was based on three sources: first, the inadequacy of town planning as an instrument to give form to the city, a proposal and experience already applied by Oriol Bohigas as city architect for Barcelona and later carried out by ourselves with the Olympic Village and Port; second, our vocation as architects to see a close relationship between the architecture of buildings and the architecture of the city so much so that many of our earlier buildings were conceived and assembled manipulating metaphors of urban reference and vice versa; third, as a result of working on urban designs in Cardiff and Breda, the text has been further modified to accommodate the different cultural problems involved in Northern European cities.

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