Comparative study of adolescents with and without ADHD

Introduction. Although an association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and personality disorders has been observed in adult population, no descriptions in Chilean adolescents have been reported. Objective. To explore personality profiles in Chilean adolescent patients diagnosed with ADHD. Method. Non-experimental, comparative design, convenience sample with 61 adolescent patients (13-19 years old) diagnosed with ADHD who completed the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) questionnaire. Results compared parameters for the Chilean adolescent population and patients in the study. Attending psychiatrists completed a medical history file (comorbidities, pharmacological treatment and factors associated with mental health). Multivariate statistics, cluster analyses, and means comparison analyses were performed. This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Chile. Results. The personality profile of female adolescent patients with ADHD resembles that of the general female population, while the profile of the male patients is similar to that of the patient’s parameter group. Cluster analysis identified two personality sub-profiles: 25% of the subjects belonged to cluster 1, which was characterized by higher scores for different personality traits, expressed concerns, and clinical syndromes, compared with subjects from cluster 2. There were no differences regarding gender, ADHD clinical presentation, use of medication, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), type of school, grade retention, or, applicable only to the female group, comorbidities in belonging to cluster 1. Only the presence of comorbidity in male subjects was associated with cluster 1 membership. Discussion and conclusion. Adolescent patients diagnosed with ADHD differed significantly in some personality traits when compared to Chilean parameters for the MACI. Of the adolescents studied, 25% have maladaptive personality characteristics.

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Psychiatric Disorders and Personality Styles in Mothers of Female Adolescent Patients with Eating Disorders

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000495 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 361-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silke Rost ◽

Viola Kappel ◽

Harriet Salbach ◽

Nora Schneider ◽

Ernst Pfeiffer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Female Adolescent ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Schizotypal Personality ◽

Personality Styles ◽

Adolescent Patients ◽

Axis I

Abstract. Objective: To provide further insight into the presently poorly understood role of familial psychopathology in the development of eating disorders (ED). Method: The present study assesses psychiatric and personality disorders listed on Axis I and II of the DSM-IV in 27 mothers of adolescent patients with anorexia (AN mothers) and 14 bulimia nervosa (BN mothers) as well as 22 mentally healthy girls (CG mothers) on a categorical level. Furthermore, we conducted a dimensional diagnostic regarding personality styles and personality traits. Results: AN and BN mothers showed increased rates of Axis I disorders, especially affective, substance use, and anxiety disorders. Differences on Axis II did not reach statistical significance. However, BN mothers showed higher occurrences of paranoid, negativistic, and schizotypal personality styles compared to the other groups. BN mothers further showed higher occurrences than CG mothers of the personality traits excitability, aggressiveness, physical complaints, openness, and emotionality. AN mothers differed significantly from CG mothers on the scale demands. Conclusions: Increased occurrence of psychopathology on both categorical and dimensional levels in mothers of patients with AN and BN supports the assumption of a familial accumulation of psychopathology in ED. Longitudinal studies and genetic analyses should clarify a possible cause-effect relationship and interactions between familial dynamics and adolescent ED. Keywords: eating disorders, adolescent patients, mothers, psychiatric disorders, personality styles.

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Childhood maltreatment, personality vulnerability profiles, and borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescents

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579420002151 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Daniela Marchetti ◽

Pasquale Musso ◽

Maria Cristina Verrocchio ◽

Giovanna Manna ◽

Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Borderline Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Borderline Personality ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Personality Vulnerability ◽

Personality Vulnerabilities

Abstract Adverse childhood experiences are significant risk factors in the development of adolescent borderline personality disorder symptoms (BPDs). Theorists have posited that two personality vulnerabilities factors, self-criticism and dependency, may inform our understanding of this relationship. However, no research has examined the associations between early negative experiences, personality vulnerabilities, and adolescent BPDs. The current study aimed to identify profiles of dependency and self-criticism to examine the associations of these profiles with cumulative forms of childhood maltreatment (CM) and BPDs as well as to explore the mediating and moderating role of vulnerable personality profiles in the relationship between cumulative CM and BPDs. Two hundred and forty-one nonclinical and clinical adolescents participated in the study (Mage = 16.37, SD = 1.84). The findings indicated three different profiles: average dependent profile, dependent and self-critical profile, and self-critical profile. Individuals in the average dependent profile presented lower levels of CM and BPDs. Mediation analyses showed that relative to the average dependent profile, a higher cumulative CM history predicted a higher probability of belonging in the dependent and self-critical profile or the self-critical profile and, in turn, this was associated with higher levels of BPDs. No moderating effects of profiles of dependency and self-criticism were found.

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Listener’s personality traits predict changes in pupil size during auditory language comprehension

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84886-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Isabell Hubert Lyall ◽

Juhani Järvikivi

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Language Processing ◽

Language Comprehension ◽

Pupil Size ◽

Pupil Dilation ◽

Systematic Research ◽

Cognitive Resources ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

Pupillary Responses ◽

Grammatical Errors

AbstractResearch suggests that listeners’ comprehension of spoken language is concurrently affected by linguistic and non-linguistic factors, including individual difference factors. However, there is no systematic research on whether general personality traits affect language processing. We correlated 88 native English-speaking participants’ Big-5 traits with their pupillary responses to spoken sentences that included grammatical errors, "He frequently have burgers for dinner"; semantic anomalies, "Dogs sometimes chase teas"; and statements incongruent with gender stereotyped expectations, such as "I sometimes buy my bras at Hudson's Bay", spoken by a male speaker. Generalized additive mixed models showed that the listener's Openness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism traits modulated resource allocation to the three different types of unexpected stimuli. No personality trait affected changes in pupil size across the board: less open participants showed greater pupil dilation when processing sentences with grammatical errors; and more introverted listeners showed greater pupil dilation in response to both semantic anomalies and socio-cultural clashes. Our study is the first one demonstrating that personality traits systematically modulate listeners’ online language processing. Our results suggest that individuals with different personality profiles exhibit different patterns of the allocation of cognitive resources during real-time language comprehension.

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Analysis of Personality Traits in Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10081631 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1631

Author(s):

Fatima Roso-Bas ◽

Maria Dolores Alonso-Llobregat ◽

Leyre Bento ◽

Blanca Sanchez-Gonzalez ◽

Ines Herraez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Potential Link ◽

Proinflammatory Activity ◽

Neo Five Factor Inventory

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a highly-curable malignancy mostly affecting young people. As far as we know, there is no published study that has analyzed personality profiles in HL nor their potential role in lymphomagenesis, natural history, or response to treatment. We aim to explore the personality traits of HL patients, as well as the prevalence of mental disorders and suicide ideas. We retrospectively identified all alive HL patients from three centers (Son Espases and Son Llatzer University Hospitals and Hospital del Mar of Barcelona) for using NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form. Patients with HL showed significantly higher neuroticism scores and lower conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness. Considering maladaptive personality traits, HL patients showed higher levels of detachment and psychoticism. All of these translated into the fact that HL patients showed more than double the prevalence of mental illnesses (41%) and more than triple the prevalence of suicidal ideation or attempts than the general population (15 and 6%, respectively). An exploratory analysis of biomarkers associated with HL personality traits showed that higher scores of neuroticism correlated with more elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and red cell distribution width (RDW), suggesting a potential link between neuroticism and proinflammatory activity in HL.

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Psychosocial and Diet-Related Lifestyle Clusters in Overweight and Obesity

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6461

Author(s):

Débora Godoy-Izquierdo ◽

Raquel Lara ◽

Adelaida Ogallar ◽

Alejandra Rodríguez-Tadeo ◽

María J. Ramírez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Well Being ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Excess Weight ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Excessive Weight ◽

Self Reports ◽

The Individual ◽

Composition Factors ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

This study explored intraindividual multidimensional profiles integrating psychosocial factors, namely, body image and satisfaction, weight-related self-stigma, positivity, and happiness, and behavioural-lifestyle factors, namely, adherence to a healthy diet, among Spanish adults with overweight or obesity. We further aimed to investigate the association of excess weight (i.e., measured body mass index, BMI) with the abovementioned multidimensional configurations. A convenience sample of 100 adult individuals (60% females) with excessive weight (69% overweight; 31% obesity) was recruited. They completed self-reports regarding the study variables, and their weight and height were measured. With a perspective centered on the individual, a cluster analysis was performed. Three distinct intraindividual psychosocial and diet-related profiles were identified: a group of healthy individuals with excess weight (46%); a group of individuals who were negatively affected by their excessive weight and showed the most distressed profile (18%); and a group of dysfunctional individuals who seemed to be excessively unrealistic and optimistic regarding their excessive weight and unhealthy lifestyles, but were troubled by their weight (36%). Furthermore, individuals in the affected cluster had higher obesity (mean BMI ± SD = 32.1 ± 3.7) than those in the clusters of healthy (28.0 ± 3.0) and dysfunctional individuals (28.1 ± 3.3) (p < 0.05). The results showed that there are specific psychosocial and lifestyle profiles in the adult population with excess weight and that there are relationships among psychological, behavioural, and body-composition factors. For clinical application purposes, it is important to account for the heterogeneity within individuals who are obese and to individualize the interventions, with a focus from weight change to the individual’s overall well-being.

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Factors Influencing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy in a Population-Based Sample in Italy

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9060633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 633

Author(s):

Marco Del Riccio ◽

Sara Boccalini ◽

Lisa Rigon ◽

Massimiliano Alberto Biamonte ◽

Giuseppe Albora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Adult Population ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Population Based ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Major Barrier ◽

Trust In Institutions ◽

General Adult Population ◽

High Level

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 represents an effective and safe tool to protect the population against the disease; however, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy could be a major barrier to achieving herd immunity. Despite the severity of the current pandemic, the population’s intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 is still not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 among a convenience sample of the general population resident in Italy and the factors associated with hesitancy and acceptance of the vaccine in the context of the current pandemic before the rolling out of COVID-19 vaccines. An anonymous online survey was diffused among a general adult population living in Italy. Participants aged 18 or older and living in Italy were considered eligible. Incomplete questionnaires were excluded. Overall, 7605 valid questionnaires were collected. Most of the participants (81.9%) were inclined to get vaccinated; male sex (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.71), a high level of trust in institutions (OR 3.93, 95% CI 2.04–7.83), and personal beliefs about high safety of COVID-19 vaccines (OR 56.33, 95% CI 31.57–105.87) were found to be among the significant predictors of COVID-19 acceptance. These data could help design larger studies to address the problem of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the current pandemic.

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Brand personality of fabric content: an application of the multidimensional implicit association test (md-IAT)

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel ◽

10.1108/rjta-02-2021-0017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Seung-Eun Lee

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Implicit Association Test ◽

Brand Personality ◽

Association Test ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Implicit Association ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Personality Dimensions ◽

Content Type ◽

Brand Personality Traits

Purpose This study aims to explore whether fabric contents, specifically cotton and polyester, possess particular personality dimensions, as posited by Aaker (1997). The author examined both explicit (conscious, deliberate) and implicit (unconscious, automatic) perceptions of brand personality traits of cotton and polyester. Design/methodology/approach The convenience sample of this study included 51 students from different merchandising classes in a Midwestern university. Participants were first directed to the multidimensional implicit association test (md-IAT) and their implicit perceptions were measured for the content of the two fabrics (cotton and polyester) on five different personality attribute dimensions (sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication and ruggedness). After the IAT, participants completed the post-IAT survey, including explicit measures of brand personality attributes of cotton and polyester. Findings The findings of this study show that fabric contents can be successfully described and differentiated by Aaker’s brand personality dimensions. Compared with polyester, the distinctive brand personality of cotton was the favorable association between cotton and sincerity. This association was significantly higher than all other personality dimensions in both consumers’ implicit and explicit perceptions. Neither cotton nor polyester was significantly associated with the exciting, competent and sophisticated personality dimensions. Originality/value A unique contribution of this study is that it examines implicit perceptions of the brand personality traits of cotton and polyester. The use of the md-IAT in this study allowed the assessment of consumers’ automatic associations with cotton and polyester of which they may not be aware.

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Locus of Control in Short and Long Sleepers

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.148.6.739 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 148 (6) ◽

pp. 739-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dr Anand Kumar ◽

A. K. Vaidya

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

Self Control ◽

Personality Profiles ◽

Medical Index

Behavioural scientists are currently attempting to correlate individuals' usual duration of sleep with personality traits as well as with personality profiles. Studies using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Cornell Medical Index have suggested that differences between “short sleepers” and “long sleepers” show up in such traits as self-control, anxiety, extroversion, aggression and ambition (Hartmann et al, 1972; Spinweber & Hartmann, 1976), although Webb & Friel (1970, 1971) found no such differences. Glaubmann & Orbach (1977) observed short sleepers to be efficient, energetic, ambitious, self-content and socially well adjusted.

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The Comorbidity of Psychopathy and Depression: Across Different Ethnic and Sex Groups

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0403.051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Zlatko Šram

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Adult Population ◽

Community Sample ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Positive Direction ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Secondary Psychopathy ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Primary And Secondary Psychopathy

The aim of this research was to examine if comorbid relationships exist between psychopathy and depression in a community sample of different ethnic and sex groups. Based on some previous research, it was hypothesized that psychopathy and depression would be correlated and that secondary psychopathy would be the strongest predictor of depression regardless of different ethnic and sex belongings. The survey was carried out on the adult population in the region of Croatia populated by citizens of Croatian and Serbian minority ethnicity. The equalized convenience sample of 1100 participants, half of which were Croats and half of males. Pearson-product moment correlation coefficients were calculated as a measure of the strength and direction of linear relationships among primary and secondary and depression. In order to determine how well scores on depression could be predicted by primary and secondary psychopathy across different demographic groups, multiple regression analysis were used. It was found that both primary and secondary psychopathy were significantly correlated in a positive direction with depression in different ethnic and sex groups. However, secondary psychopathy was more correlated with depression across different ethnic and sex subsamples. The results of regression analysis revealed that secondary psychopathy was the strongest predictor of depression in all demographic subsamples. After age and school attainment were introduced into regression models, it was shown that a very small percentage of the variance is explained by the sociodemographic variables. The research suggested a significant role of secondary psychopathy in relation to a higher level of psychopathology.

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Italian Children’s Well-Being after Lockdown: Predictors of Psychopathological Symptoms in Times of COVID-19

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11429

Author(s):

Marcella Caputi ◽

Barbara Forresi ◽

Ludovica Giani ◽

Giovanni Michelini ◽

Simona Scaini

Keyword(s):

Small Sample Size ◽

Well Being ◽

Small Sample ◽

Novelty Seeking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

Cross Sectional Design

The first Italian lockdown imposed to fight the spread of COVID-19 caused important disruptions in families’ everyday lives. The main aim of this research was to investigate the predictors of psychopathology in children aged 5–10 years, immediately after the national 2-month lockdown. A total of 158 Italian parents (148 mothers, 10 fathers, mean age = 41 years) were recruited and asked to complete an online research concerning their 158 children (76 boys, mean age = 7.4 years). Parents completed questionnaires on parent–child conflict, resilience, temperament, behavior, and previous adverse childhood experiences. Hierarchical regressions showed that children’s psychopathology was predicted by low child resilience, high novelty seeking and harm avoidance, adverse experiences, and high flooding levels. Moreover, girls exposed to adverse experiences appeared more vulnerable to psychopathology. The recruitment of a convenience sample, the small sample size, and the cross-sectional design of our study limit the generalizability and interpretation of the present findings. Nonetheless, this research extends our knowledge of children’s functioning in such an exceptional period. Shedding light on predictors of children’s psychopathology following prolonged quarantine can indeed guide effective psychological interventions now and in future similar situations.

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