scholarly journals Morphological changes of gastric and colonic mucosa in rats of different ages under the action of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide

Author(s):  
O. Iefimenko ◽  
O. Savchenko ◽  
T. Falalyeyeva ◽  
O. Kyric ◽  
M. Spivak

We have studied the effect of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide (NCD) on the morphological state of the gastric mucosa and colon in rats of different ages. It was found the degenerative changes and dysregeneration (violation the ratio of value of major and parietal cells), atrophic or hyperplastic changes. NCD restored the processes of differentiation and proliferation of epithelial cells of gastric glands. In the control group of old rats mucosa of the colon was focal thinner, the cells had degenerative changes, it was observed the change in nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of cells, were found foci of infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells. NCD in old rats caused a decrease in the number of cells in a state of degeneration and apoptosis, increased proliferative activity of cells increased the number of goblet cells. Thus, NCD restored morpho-functional structure of the mucous of the stomach and colon.

Introduction. The protection of the body against external and internal antigenic factors is executed with the help of the primary cellular and secondary resistance links. Excessive activation of adaptation reactions leads to the formation of various pathologies of inflammatory nature. Changes in the immune responses occur at all ontogenesis stages. In the present study, we conduct the experiment of induced peritonitis in animals of different ages in order to investigate more accurately adaptive responses of the immune system during inflammation. Objectives. The aim of our research was to study changes in the indicators of adaptive humoral immunity, levels of immunoglobulin A and circulating immune complexes, phagocytic activity of neutrophils and the disruption of enzymes activity, which provide the phagocyte function in the NST test on the model of induced peritonitis in animals of different ages. Materials and methods. The studies were performed on 200 white male rats. They were divided into a control group and the experimental rats, 3- and 22-month-old ones. Acute inflammation and dysbiosis in the small intestine were caused by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide obtained from Escherichia coli strain. The material for the study was serum and blood elements of experimental animals. Results. The levels of immunoglobulin A in the blood serum of 3 and 22-month-old rats with the inflammation model were reduced in comparison with this index in control group animals. The content of the CIC in the rats blood serum of both age groups was significantly higher in comparison with the control group. All the studied indices of neutrophils phagocytic activity in the 22-month-old animals with the inflammation model were lower than in the control rats of this age. In the 3-month-old rats with the inflammation model, the index of phagocytosis completeness was significantly lower in comparison with the control group. The reduction in the reserve capacity of phagocytic cells was higher in the 22-month-old animals. An increase in the neutrophils metabolic activity and a decrease in their metabolic reserve in 3 and 22-month-old rats with the inflammation model were revealed in comparison with the parameters of the control groups. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate presence of violation of the primary cellular and secondary humoral immunity during the aging of the body and decrease in the adaptive responses of the immune system during inflammation due to an increase in antigenic effects.


2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Olena Kuzenko ◽  
Yevhen Kuzenko ◽  
Yuri Demin

Chromium galvanic production have leaded to biosphere pollution. Therefore advisable to study of role in the neurodegenerative development in retinal diseases under experimental conditions. The aim is to study the Enterosgel effect on morphological changes in rats retina with Cr(VI) – induced retinopathy. Materials and methods. An experimental study had carried out on 72 outbred white male rats. The rats had divided into 3 groups: I – control group of intact rats (n = 24). Control rats were received drinking water, II group – rats (n = 24), were received drinking water with Cr (VI) (K2Cr2O7) – 0.02 mol/L, III group – animals (n = 24) were received drinking water with K2Cr2O7– 0.02 mol/L and hydrogel methylsilicic acid (Enterosgel) at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg per day as a corrector. The animals had been decapitated under ether anesthesia. The retina had been studied on days 20, 40 and 60 of the experiment. Morphologically and morphometrically they had analyzed. Results. According to histological studies, it has proved that Cr (VI) causes dystrophic and degenerative changes in all rats retina layers. They increase as the duration of the experiment. The use of Enterosgel as a corrective therapy showed positive results in restoring the morphological structure of rats retina. After Enterosgel 20 days using as a corrector of Cr (VI) exposure, there is a barely noticeable swelling of the outer and inner nuclear layers. Other layers of the retina, morphologically, look undamaged. Forty days Enterosgel treatment have outer and inner nuclear layer edema of retina of animals persists but does not increase. It is easy noticeable swelling of the outer and inner layers of mesh, but no signs of damage processes of cell populations nuclear layers. State ganglionic layer and nerve fiber layer entirely satisfactory. These pathological changes are not critical. After 60 days from the beginning of loading of Cr (VI) and application of Enterosgel in the retina of rats there are initial degenerative changes in the photosensory layer. Cystic dilated outer segments of rods and cones were visible throughout, and areas of their fragmentation were observed. Ganglion neurons are not damaged, but their axons appear somewhat thickened and fluffy. But in general, the typical structure of the retina is preserved. Conclusions. Chromium-induced toxicity in rats is characterized by pronounced histological and morphometric changes and retinal thickness, which appear after 20 days, increase by 40 days and acquire maximum transformations after 60 days of the experiment. The use of Enterosgel improves picture morphological structures of the retina in rats under the influence of Cr (VI). The changes were expressed on days 20 and 40, which indicates the presence of protective properties for the retina


2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazarii Kobyliak ◽  
Ludovico Abenavoli ◽  
Tetyana Falalyeyeva ◽  
Oleksandr Virchenko ◽  
Belemets Natalia ◽  
...  

Background. One of the pathogenic mechanisms of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn aggravates the disease progress. We have investigated novel cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) due to their promising antioxidant auto-regenerative ability and low toxicity.Methods. 30 white male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control, monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity and MSG treated with nCeO2 (MSG+nCeO2) groups. Newborn rats of control group were injected with saline (control). MSG- and MSG+nCeO2 groups were injected with MSG (4 mg/g concentration, 8 µl/g volume) between the 2nd and the 10th days of life subcutaneously [13]. At the age of 1 month, rats of group II were administered water 2.9 ml/kg orally, MSG+nCeO2 group received 1 mM solution of nCeO2 1 mg/kg orally. 4-months rats were sacrificed and the liver was harvested for histological and biochemical analysis. To assess the morphological changes in the liver we used NAS (NAFLD activity score). The content of lipid peroxidation products and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the liver were studied by standard biochemical methods [Refs].Results. In 4-month rats we found significantly lower total score (1.3±0.26 vs 3.6±0.34, p<0.001), degree of steatosis (1.1±0.18 vs 2.1±0.18, p<0.001), manifestation of lobular inflammation (0.2±0.13 vs 1.2±0.2, p<0.001) and ballooning degeneration (0.0±0.0 vs 0.3±0.15, p=0.034) due to NAS in the nCeO2 group compared to the MSG-group. nCeO2 significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue, namely it reduced the conjugated dienes content by 27% (p<0.05), TBA-products – by 43% (p<0.05) and Schiff bases – by 21% (p<0.05).Conclusions. Due to its antioxidant properties nCeO2 significantly reduces the incidence of NASH and improves the main NAFLD histological features.


Author(s):  
R.V. Yanko ◽  
◽  
M.I. Levashov ◽  

Despite of the well-studied effect of interval fasting on the body, literature data on its infl uence on functional activity and, especially, on morphological changes in the thyroid gland are sporadic. The research results are often contradictory, which may be due to differences in experimental conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes in the rat’s thyroid gland of different ages, which were on interval fasting. The experiments were performed on 48 male Wistar rats aged 4 and 16 months. The experimental rats underwent interval fasting (1 day complete fasting / 2 days standard diet). Duration of experiment was 28 days. Thyroid tissue preparations were made according to standard histological methods. The morphometry was performed on digital images using a computer program Image J. It was found that the colloid area, the interior diameter of the follicles and colloid accumulation index were decreased in 4 and 16 month-old rats after interval fasting. The relative connective tissue area was also decreased in 16-month- old rats. But the follicular epithelium height, the follicular-colloidal index and the number of interfollicular islets were increased. The morphological changes of the thyroid gland tissue in 16-month-old experimental rats were manifested to a greater extent than in young animals. Thus, after exposure to interval fasting, morphological signs of activation of the thyroid gland synthetic activity in rats of different ages were observed. Key words: interval fasting, thyroid gland, morphometric indicators.


1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-331
Author(s):  
M. A. Ashour

The effect of melatonin on the submandibular salivary glands of old rats was studied using 20 control and 20 experimental rats which had received melatonin daily for 5 months. The glands were first weighed and then processed for light and electron microscopy. The glands of the melatonin rats were significantly heavier than the controls. With light microscopy, the control group showed a loss of normal architecture of the acini and multiple degenerative changes whereas in the melatonin group the acini had clear architecture and few degenerative changes. With electron microscopy, the control group again showed degenerative changes and little cellular activity whereas the melatonin group had features which indicated increased cellular activity


Introduction. The protection of the body against external and internal antigenic factors is executed with the help of the primary cellular and secondary resistance links. Excessive activation of adaptation reactions leads to the formation of various pathologies of inflammatory nature. Changes in the immune responses occur at all ontogenesis stages. In the present study, we conduct the experiment of induced peritonitis in animals of different ages in order to investigate more accurately adaptive responses of the immune system during inflammation. Objectives. The aim of our research was to study changes in the indicators of adaptive humoral immunity, levels of immunoglobulin A and circulating immune complexes, phagocytic activity of neutrophils and the disruption of enzymes activity, which provide the phagocyte function in the NST test on the model of induced peritonitis in animals of different ages. Materials and methods. The studies were performed on 200 white male rats. They were divided into a control group and the experimental rats, 3- and 22-month-old ones. Acute inflammation and dysbiosis in the small intestine were caused by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide obtained from Escherichia coli strain. The material for the study was serum and blood elements of experimental animals. Results. The levels of immunoglobulin A in the blood serum of 3 and 22-month-old rats with the inflammation model were reduced in comparison with this index in control group animals. The content of the CIC in the rats blood serum of both age groups was significantly higher in comparison with the control group. All the studied indices of neutrophils phagocytic activity in the 22-month-old animals with the inflammation model were lower than in the control rats of this age. In the 3-month-old rats with the inflammation model, the index of phagocytosis completeness was significantly lower in comparison with the control group. The reduction in the reserve capacity of phagocytic cells was higher in the 22-month-old animals. An increase in the neutrophils metabolic activity and a decrease in their metabolic reserve in 3 and 22-month-old rats with the inflammation model were revealed in comparison with the parameters of the control groups. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate presence of violation of the primary cellular and secondary humoral immunity during the aging of the body and decrease in the adaptive responses of the immune system during inflammation due to an increase in antigenic effects.


Author(s):  
А.В. Дробленков ◽  
Л.Г. Прошина ◽  
Ю.Н. Юхлина ◽  
А.А. Байрамов ◽  
П.Д. Шабанов ◽  
...  

Актуальность. Значение недостаточности тестостерона для структурного гомеостазиса нейронов, регулирующих выработку гонадотропин-рилизинг гормона (ГнРГ) и синтезирующих данный гормон, мало изучены. Цель. Установить реактивные изменения, количество рецепторов к андрогенам (АР) и особенности их распределения в нейронах медиального аркуатного ядра гипоталамуса (МАЯ) при экспериментальном гипогонадизме, а также обратимость этих изменений после восстановительной терапии тестостероном. Методы. У самцов крыс Вистар (16 особей) моделировали гипогонадизм путем удаления одной гонады на 2-3 день постнатальной жизни и исследовали гистологические срезы каудальной части МАЯ у молодых животных (4 мес.) при отсутствии и осуществлении заместительной терапии. Контрольную группу составляли интактные самцы аналогичного возраста (8 особей). В середине левосторонней части МАЯ на площади 0,01 мм определяли реактивные изменения клеток и площадь тел малоизмененных нейронов (после окрашивания срезов методом Ниссля), а также число и долю тел нервных клеток, различавшихся по степени экспрессии АР. Результаты. Установлено, что нейроны МАЯ содержат большое количество АР, распределенных в различных частях их тела. При гипогонадизме происходит перераспределение АР и снижение степени их экспрессии (количества). Сгущение АР в области оболочки ядра и плазмолеммы, образование конгломератов в ядре и цитоплазме было характерно для нейронов с умеренной экспрессией. В цитоплазме и в области плазматической мембраны рецепторы отсутствовали у клеток со слабой и очень низкой экспрессией. Снижение степени экспрессии АР при гипогонадизме сопряжено с уменьшением площади тела и гибелью части нейронов. Заключение. Выявленные дегенеративные тестостерон-зависимые изменения нейронов МАЯ, которые синтезируют ГнРГ или пептиды, влияющие на его выработку, могут обусловить уменьшение высвобождения гонадолиберина, вторичное снижение синтеза андрогенов и реализацию морфофункциональных проявлений его вторичного дефицита. Заместительная терапия частично компенсирует дегенеративные изменения нейронов, восстанавливает интенсивность экспрессии АР, однако не влияет на процесс гибели нервных клеток. Background. Importance of testosterone deficiency for structural homeostasis of the neurons regulating production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and synthesizing this hormone is insufficiently understood. Aim. To determine reactive changes, quantity of androgens receptors (AR), and features of their distribution in neurons of hypothalamic medial arcuate nucleus (MAN) in experimental hypogonadism and reversibility of these changes by restorative therapy with testosterone. Methods. Hypogonadism was modeled in 16 Wistar rats by removing one gonad on postnatal days 2-3, and histological sections of caudal MAN were examined in young, 4-month old animals with and without a replacement therapy. The control group consisted of 8 age-matched intact males. Cell reactive changes, areas of slightly changed neuron bodies (Nissl staining of sections), and the number and proportion of nerve cell bodies differing in the degree of AR expression were determined in the middle left-sided part of MAN, on an area of 0.01 mm. Results. MAN neurons contained a large quantity of AR distributed in different parts of the neuron body. In hypogonadism, AR redistributed and their expression (quantity) decreased. Condensation of AR in the region of nucleo- and plasmolemma and formation of conglomerates in the nucleus and cytoplasm were characteristic of neurons with moderate expression. In the regions of cytoplasm and plasma membrane, the receptors were absent in cells with low and very low expression. The reduced AR expression in hypogonadism was associated with a decreased neuron body area and death of a part of neurons. Conclusions. The identified degenerative changes in the testosterone-dependent neuronal MAN that synthesize GnRH or peptides affecting the GnRH production may decrease the release of GnRH, cause a secondary decrease in the androgen synthesis, and mediate morphological and functional manifestations of GnRH secondary deficit. The replacement therapy partially compensated for degenerative changes in neurons and restored the intensity of AR expression, however, it did not influence the process of nerve cell death.


Author(s):  
Semeleva E.V. ◽  
Blinova E.V. ◽  
Zaborovsky A.V. ◽  
Vasilkina O.V. ◽  
Shukurov A.S.

In this work, we studied the pharmacological activity of zinc and magnesium salts of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid in white non-linear male rats with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which was modeled by neurotoxicantsimplication into the pelvic part of spinal cord. After the reproduction of the pathology in animals, the indices of motor activity were recorded in the Rotarod test, and morphological studies of spinal cord sections stained according to Nisl in the Belshovsky modification were carried out. It was shown that the magnesium salt of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (compound LHT-317) to a greater extent reduces the development of motor disorders in experimental animals compared with the control group on the 4th day of observation. The course of intravenous administration of the studied compounds of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid did not inhibit morphological changes in the spinal cord that develop in degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the central nervous system: connections. Moreover, if, against the background of treatment with zinc salt, the total area of motor zones in animals of the experimental group exceeded that of control rats, then the number of motoneurons did not differ from the control.


Author(s):  
Zhiyong Zhou ◽  
Menghan He ◽  
Qingqing Zhao ◽  
Dongfan Wang ◽  
Changcheng Zhang ◽  
...  

Introduction:: Microglia-mediated inflammatory responses play a crucial role in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. The TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway is a key pathway leading to microglial activation. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have been widely used for the treatment of stroke in China. Objective:: This study evaluates the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of PNS and investigates the mechanism via TXNIPmediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in aging rats. Materials and Methods:: Eighteen-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the aging control group and PNS treated groups (n=15 each group). For PNS-treated groups, rats were administrated food with PNS at the doses of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg for consecutive 6 months until they were 24-month old. Rats from the aging control group were given the same food without PNS. Two-month-old rats were purchased and given the same food until 6-month old as the adult control group (n = 15). Then, the cortex and hippocampus were rapidly harvested and deposited. H&E staining was used to assess histo-morphological changes. Western blotting was carried out to detect the protein expression. Immunofluorescence was employed to measure the co-localization of NLRP3, TXNIP and Iba-1. In vitro model was established by LPS+ATP coincubation in the BV2 microglia cell line. Results:: Aging rats exhibited increased activation of microglia, accompanied by a high level of IL-1β expression. Meanwhile, aging rats showed enhanced protein expression of TXNIP and NLRP3 related molecules, which co-localized with microglia. PNS treatment effectively reduced the number of degenerated neurons and reversed the activation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway. In vitro results showed that PNS up to 100 μg / ml had no significant toxicity on BV2 microglia. Discussion:: PNS (25, 50 μg/ml) effectively reduced the inflammatory response induced by LPS and ATP co-stimulation, thus inhibiting the expression of TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway-related proteins. Conclusion:: PNS treatment improved aging-related neuronal damage through inhibiting TXNIP mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which provided a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory-related neurodegenerative diseases.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 2316-2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alican Kusoglu ◽  
Bakiye G. Bagca ◽  
Neslihan P.O. Ay ◽  
Guray Saydam ◽  
Cigir B. Avci

Background: Ruxolitinib is a selective JAK1/2 inhibitor approved by the FDA for myelofibrosis in 2014 and nowadays, comprehensive investigations on the potential of the agent as a targeted therapy for haematological malignancies are on the rise. In multiple myeloma which is a cancer of plasma cells, the Interleukin- 6/JAK/STAT pathway is emerging as a therapeutic target since the overactivation of the pathway is associated with poor prognosis. Objective: In this study, our purpose was to discover the potential anticancer effects of ruxolitinib in ARH-77 multiple myeloma cell line compared to NCI-BL 2171 human healthy B lymphocyte cell line. Methods: Cytotoxic effects of ruxolitinib in ARH-77 and NCI-BL 2171 cells were determined via WST-1 assay. The autophagy mechanism induced by ruxolitinib measured by detecting autophagosome formation was investigated. Apoptotic effects of ruxolitinib were analyzed with Annexin V-FITC Detection Kit and flow cytometry. We performed RT-qPCR to demonstrate the expression changes of the genes in the IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway in ARH-77 and NCI-BL 2171 cells treated with ruxolitinib. Results: We identified the IC50 values of ruxolitinib for ARH-77 and NCI-BL 2171 as 20.03 and 33.9μM at the 72nd hour, respectively. We showed that ruxolitinib induced autophagosome accumulation by 3.45 and 1.70 folds in ARH-77 and NCI-BL 2171 cells compared to the control group, respectively. Treatment with ruxolitinib decreased the expressions of IL-6, IL-18, JAK2, TYK2, and AKT genes, which play significant roles in MM pathogenesis. Conclusion: All in all, ruxolitinib is a promising agent for the regulation of the IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway and interferes with the autophagy mechanism in MM.


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