FIGURATIVE FEATURES OF THE TRANSFORMATION CONCEPT IN THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
H. O. Zvonko
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Living Being

The article reveals the features of the figurative component as an active resource of linguistic objectification of the TRANSFORMATION concept. It was found that conceptual metaphor is the main mechanism of conceptualization of the idea of transformation. Metaphorical models are universal, but their specific content reflects the difference between real and mythological, possible or imaginary transformation. The study of the TRANSFORMATION concept through the prism of a metaphorical environment is due to the fact that it is abstract. The source for the formation of metaphors is the knowledge about animate and inanimate nature. Describing the phenomena of transformation, the native speaker of the Ukrainian language correlates them with what he already knows, and the characteristic on which the similarity is based, indicates the existence of a certain parallelism between the known and the unknown. These are the general grounds for revealing the figurative features of the TRANSFORMATION concept. The description of the main models of realization of figurative resources of the TRANSFORMATION concept in the Ukrainian language allowed to find that figurative means of the studied concept which make peripheral zone of its field structure, in the Ukrainian language are realized by means of the following eight models: vital-mortal, anthropomorphic, artefactual-attributive, zoomorphic, vegetative, colorative, spatial-temporal and model, the object or subject of which is the first elements of existence. The vital-mortal model is formed by vital and mortal features, which reveal the representations of the TRANSFORMATION concept in the human consciousness in the form or image of a living being. The anthropomorphic model is formed by social, emotional and mental features that characterize the phenomenon of transformation.

scholarly journals Interrelation Between Conceptual and Linguistic Worldviews (Based on the Economic Lexical Item ‘CLIENT’)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-180
Author(s):  
Lesia Kushmar
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Field Structure ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Principle Calculation ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Components

This article presents a theoretical approach to the concept interpretation “worldview” which expresses human knowledge about environment. The difference between conceptual and linguistic worldviews has been determined. Associative meaning represents the conceptual worldview. Vocabulary definitions reflect the linguistic worldview. To identify main peculiarities in conceptual and linguistic worldviews the lexical item ‘CLIENT’ was selected according to criteria: contextual conditioning, frequency, information, presence in dictionaries and encyclopedias of different areas, expressing relevant concepts nowadays. 915 respondents took part in the experiment. Obtained results (1,600 reactions) have been processed using statistical methods. The application of modeling allowed creating the associative field structure defining core and periphery. Items representing essential features of the concept form the core; secondary features of the subject form the periphery. The core and periphery combine associative meaning of the item. Comparison of lexical and associative meanings has been made according to algorithm: defining main components in the lexeme structure using structural-semantic principle; calculation of core reactions because the lexicon core of the native speaker reflects the actual worldview; establishment total number of core reactions that are connected with vocabulary; determination the level of lexical and associative meanings’ approximation. The economic lexical item ‘CLIENT’ is on the edge of incomplete coincidence according to association and lexical meanings. This fact allows arguing that the conceptual worldview is more dynamic than linguistic. Changes in reality are reflected in core reactions of the associative field only with time being reflected in the lexical meaning.

scholarly journals Pengembangan media storybook pic-pop berbasis budaya lokal Palembang untuk meningkatkan perilaku prososial anak usia dini

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ade Tria Lestari ◽  
Hapidin Hapidin ◽  
Zarina Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Cultural Literacy ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Addie Model

Important aspects of social-emotional development developed in early childhood, specifically about prosocial habits. This study aims to develop a book about Palembang's local culture to improve understanding of prosocial behaviour in early childhood. Draw local culture through interesting pictures. The research method used is research and development with the ADDIE model. The technique of collecting data is based on the results of expert validation and trial data through pre-trial one group pretest-posttest design and statistical analysis of data using paired sample t-test. This study involved children aged 4 to 6 years in Musi Banyuasin Regency. The product research and development results show: first, the design of storybook media product is feasible to increase children's understanding of Palembang's cultural and prosocial behaviour; second, collecting media that is seen from the results obtained from the pretest-posttest data of children with a value and significance of 0.00 < 0.05, this shows the value of the pretest-posttest supports the difference; and third, the validity of the media that shows the book can be used for children who understand cultural literacy so that children are rich in cultural insights specifically the local culture of Palembang.

An analysis of Arabic metaphorical and/or metonymical compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aseel Zibin ◽  
Abdel Rahman Mitib Salim Altakhaineh
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

Abstract This study provides an analysis of Arabic metaphorical and/or metonymical compounds, extracted from a 20,000-word corpus, based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Conceptual Blending Theory. The analysis focuses on the semantic transparency of these compounds, on the one hand, and their linguistic creativity, on the other. In line with Benczes (2006, 2010), we suggest that the comprehension of Arabic metaphorical and/or metonymical compounds is possibly one of degree depending on which element is affected by metaphor and metonymy. Here, it is proposed that there are compounds which are more creative than others. We argue that in addition to the degree of semantic transparency and linguistic creativity of Arabic metaphorical and/or metonymical compounds, there are other factors that can influence the comprehension of these compounds; namely, the frequency of the compound, the conventionality of the metaphors involved in the compound and whether conceptual metonymy acts on the compound. Our proposal is supported by the judgments of 12 native-speaker informants, who were asked to provide the meaning of 35 Arabic metaphorical and/or metonymical compounds. The study concludes with recommendations for further research.

scholarly journals Infrared Thermography Applied to Tree Health Assessment: A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Vidal ◽  
Rui Pitarma
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Urban Greening ◽  
Tree Health ◽  
Health Inspection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inspection Techniques ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Living Being

The tree is a fundamental living being. It contributes to nature and climate behaviour, as well to urban greening. It is also a source of wealth and employment. Most tree health inspection techniques are invasive or even destructive. Infrared thermography (IRT) is not invasive, and it has shown advantages when applied for inspection to trees and wood to detect deterioration or voids that could compromise its structure, stability, and durability. This study reviews the literature about IRT applied to a tree health inspection. It is framed in the context of the importance of trees for the balance of ecosystems, and the different techniques to detect tree deterioration. It highlights the difference when applied to wood or trees and the main factors that have been proven to cause disturbances in the thermal pattern of trees. The IRT, as other non-destructive methods, does not distinguish what type of damage it is, nor its causative agent. However, it enables identifying healthy and deteriorated tissues. The technology is very promising since it reveals that is efficient, fast, economical, and sustainable.

scholarly journals Correlation between Intraprostatic PSMA Uptake and MRI PI-RADS of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Comparison of PI-RADS Version 2.0 and PI-RADS Version 2.1

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3523
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Dilyana B. Mangarova ◽  
Julia Brangsch ◽  
Avan Kader ◽  
Bernd Hamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the correlation between PSMA uptake and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) PI-RADS of simultaneous [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI regarding PI-RADS version 2.0 and 2.1 respectively and compared the difference between these two versions. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a total of forty-six patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer who underwent simultaneous [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI. We classified the lesions regarding PI-RADS version 2.0 and 2.1, peripheral zone (PZ), and transitional zone (TZ), respectively. Based on regions of interest (ROI), standardized uptake values maximum (SUVmax), and corresponding lesion-to-background ratios (LBR) of SUVmax of each category, PI-RADS score 1 to 5, were measured. A comparison between PI-RADS version 2.0 and PI-RADS version 2.1 was performed. Results: A total of 215 focal prostate lesions were analyzed, including two subgroups, 125 TZ and 90 PZ. Data are reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). Regarding PI-RADS version 2.1, TZ SUVmax of each category were 1.5 (0.5, 1.9), 1.9 (0.8, 2.3), 3.3 (2.1, 4.6), 4.2 (3.1, 5.7), 7.3 (5.2, 9.7). PZ SUVmax of each category were 1.0 (0.8, 1.6), 2.5 (1.5, 3.2), 3.3 (1.9, 4.5), 4.3 (3.0, 5.4), 7.4 (5.0, 9.3). Regarding the inter-reader agreement of the overall PI-RADS assessment category, the kappa value was 0.723 for version 2.0 and 0.853 for version 2.1. Conclusion: Revisions of PI-RADS version 2.1 results in variations in lesions classification. Lesions with the PI-RADS category of 3, 4, and 5 present relatively higher intraprostatic PSMA uptake, while lesions with the PI-RADS category of 1 and 2 present relatively lower and similar uptake. Version 2.1 has higher inter-reader reproducibility than version 2.0.

The title “therapy” and what do you do with it as a child? Recollections of being in child expressive arts group therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Shira Diamond ◽  
Rachel Lev-Wiesel
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Child Therapy ◽  
Expressive Arts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Therapy Clients

The complexity of children’s entrance into mental health treatment has been the growing focus of much recent research. However, little attention has been given to the exploration of this phenomenon from the clients’ point of view. This study aimed to gain understanding of the experience of entering therapy as a child through examination of the recollections of adult former clients who had participated as children in expressive arts group therapy (EAGT). Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with 20 adult former child therapy clients who had participated in EAGT for at least 1year. Two major themes were revealed: one concerning participants’ perceptions of the reasons for being in therapy as children and the other concerning their recollections and perception of their attitudes toward the idea of being in therapy. These two themes point to the central role of social, emotional, and cognitive developmental factors in the establishment of attitudes toward enrollment in psychotherapy, highlighting the difference between adults and children. These findings correspond with other studies in this area, adding a presentation of the experience from the client’s perspective.

scholarly journals NOTICING HYBRID RECASTS IN TEXT CHAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Mark J. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Negative Evidence ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Text Chat ◽  
Grammatical Error ◽  
The Difference

This study examined ten EFL learners’ noticing of the corrective nature of a form of text-based SCMC (text chat) feedback that combined a recast of a grammatical error with metalinguistic information. The feedback, termed a hybrid recast, was provided by a native-speaker interlocutor during two text chat activities: a spot-the-difference and picture-ordering task. Data was collected in two ways: analysis of task-based dyadic text chat interaction in which uptake was used as an indicator of learner noticing, and a post-task questionnaire containing questions that identified evidence of learner noticing. Interaction analysis showed that learners responded to almost two thirds of the hybrid recasts with uptake. In addition, every learner provided evidence that they had correctly perceived at least some of the hybrid recasts as corrective in their post-task questionnaire responses.Keywords: Text chat (text-based SCMC - synchronous computed-mediated communication), Corrective feedback, Negative evidence, Recasts, Hybrid recasts, Metalinguistic correction, Uptake, Repair, Noticing

How parental viewpoint and personality affect gifted child outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 026142942094607
Author(s):  
Deborah L Ruf
Keyword(s):  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Ability Levels ◽  
Adult Career ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Age Range

A 17-year longitudinal follow-up of 56 American gifted children investigates and gives examples of a variety of social, emotional, and career outcomes for children who are in the same intellectual ranges. Evaluated for 5 Levels of Giftedness 1 as children, the subjects’ intellectual abilities are compared within and across five ability levels of typical to exceptionally and profoundly gifted. The subjects’ current age range is 22 to 43. Results indicate that it is the parental personality and viewpoint that most significantly make the difference in outcomes. That is, parental actions and advocacy on behalf of their gifted children are a function of their viewpoint and personality preference. Stated simply as one example: for parents who believe—hold the viewpoint that—either the school or their child should make changes in their behaviors, they often end up in recurring battles of the will rather than satisfactory or good results. When parents discover what works most naturally for their child’s ways of learning, they can take positive actions to find an environment that already exists or they can establish an environment that opens up a good “fit” not only in their child’s learning and academic realm, but in the social, emotional, and eventual adult career domains, as well.

The necessity of dynamic contrast enhanced imaging for prostate MRI: A study of pathologic outcomes on prostate biopsy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Sasha C. Druskin ◽  
Jeffrey J. Tosoian ◽  
Allen Young ◽  
Kamyar Ghabili ◽  
Darian Andreas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Intravenous Contrast ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Prostate Mri ◽  
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Cost

52 Background: PIRADS version 2 guidelines for the interpretation of multi-parametric prostate MRI (mpMRI) stipulates that dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging be used to classify diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) score 3 peripheral zone lesions into PIRADS-3 (DCE-) or PIRADS-4 (DCE+) lesions. Despite this, it is unknown if DCE based classification separates lesions into clinically meaningful pathologic groups. Because use of contrast adds time, risk (though modest), and cost to mpMRI, we sought to examine whether use of DCE indeed improves detection of clinically-significant cancer. Methods: Using the Johns Hopkins MRI-ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy database and including only patients without a prior diagnosis of prostate cancer (n = 232), we identified patients with peripheral zone DWI-3 or DWI-4 lesions who underwent targeted biopsy of those lesions. Each lesion meeting the MRI criteria was considered separately, and grouped into one of three lesion MRI classifications – DWI-3/DCE-/PIRADS-3, DWI-3/DCE+/PIRADS-4, or DWI-4/PIRADS-4. The rates of benign, grade group (GG) 1, and GG ≥ 2 pathology were compared between the MRI classification groups. Results: One hundred forty-eight peripheral zone DWI-3 or DWI-4 lesions from a total of 106 patients were identified. The rate of benign(%)/GG1(%)/GG ≥ 2(%) biopsy pathology in the groups DWI-3/DCE-/PIRADS-3 (61 lesions), DWI-3/DCE+/PIRADS-4 (37 lesion), and DWI-4/PIRADS-4 (47 lesions) was 68.9/18.0/8.2, 59.5/13.5/18.9, and 44.7/23.4/27.7, respectively (P > 0.05 for the difference in rates of GG ≥ 2 pathology between the two PIRADS-4 groups and the two DWI-3 groups). Conclusions: Given the cost and morbidity of using intravenous contrast agents in prostate MRI, their clinical utility must be determined. In this study, DWI-3 peripheral zone lesions with DCE positivity appear to have a higher rate of clinically-significant (GG ≥ 2) cancer on biopsy. This study supports the use of DCE to better classify DWI-3 peripheral zone lesions however further study with expanded cohorts is indicated.

Parts of Speech in Kinyarwanda

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa  Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Semantic Concepts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Traditional Grammar ◽  
Relationship Of

Traditional grammar holds that parts of speech have broad semantic definitions: verbs are actions, nouns are entities, adjectives are states of being, and prepositions denote locations (Baker, 2003). This view is problematic, however, given that semantic concepts are lexicalized differently across languages. For example, through my field work with a native speaker of Kinyarwanda (Bantu family, spoken in  Central Africa), I have found that in this language, states can be lexicalized as adjectives, nouns, or verbs: (1) umugabo ni munini “The man is big” ADJECTIVE MAN IS LARGE (2) imbwa n’ umweru  “The dog is white” NOUN DOG IS WHITE (3) imbwa yera “The dog is white” VERB  DOG BE.WHITE The state of “being big” appears as an adjective, while the state of “being white” can be both a noun (2) and  a verb (3). The difference in category is appears to be motivated by the relative permanence of the state in  question. A changing (or changeable) state is encoded as a verb (3). To reflect a permanent/unchanging  state, an adjective or noun is used (1­2). Because the inventory of adjectives in Kinyarwanda is extremely  limited, many “adjectival” permanent states are encoded as nouns. This alternation demonstrates the central role of Aspect (defined as a linguistic function that “characterizes the relationship of a predicate to  the time interval over which it occurs” (Chung and Timberlake 1985:213)) in the lexicalization process. Aspect in Kinyarwanda takes the form of a verbal suffix, thereby necessitating the use of a verb when the state undergoes some sort of change. This phenomenon provides evidence that parts of speech are defined  at least in part by a language’s syntactic requirements above and beyond broader semantic generalizations.

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